Keywords: Christopher Loveluck; Early Middle Ages
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Keywords: Magdeburg Law
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Keywords: journeys;baroque in Poland
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Keywords: gentry in Pomerania;Interwar Period in Poland
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Keywords: military education; family upbringing; noble family
In an Old Polish period a family house had a very significant role ineducation and military preparation. Due to lack of military schools it was the only source of patriotic and military education. The atmosphere of constant thread evokedby ceasless wars caused that the youth was prepared to defence and military servicesińce the earliest years. Patriotic and defensive education was supervised by fatherand appointed tutors. It was shaped also by the traditios of the noble house, interiordecoration and fumishings, as well as specially prepared and selected military play things and games. A father was a first person who introduced a son into the depthsof military art.
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Keywords: family; upbringing; peasants; value; culture; Second Republic
In 1918-1939 bringing up children in peasant families was severe and based on a system of punishments, usually corporal. It was a conseąuence of a common belief that only a hardened, tough and hardworking man is able to face hard peasant reality which was leaving little place for weakness and fondness. Contrary to all appearances, such upbringing was to impose a system of values which placed the land, work, community and religion at the very top. Since the very young age the children used to be taught the value of land, the sense of responsibility and the awareness of being co-responsible for the family farm. It was implied that the public interest is superior to the individuals interest and the value of a person is estimated from the perspective of his/her work.
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Keywords: Lemko; family; resettlement; cultural identity
The functioning of Lemko families of the past and the present in the context of preservation of cultural identity in discussed in the article. The observing of the most important holidays after the resettlement to western Poland is described, among other issues. The historical context of the resettlement of the Lemko people to western Poland is discussed.
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Keywords: Roma; family; medicine; health; genetics; culture;lifestyle
The results of research dedicated to Roma families in Central Europę are presented in the article. The results indicate that the condition and health of Roma families are significantly influenced by cultural and social factors. Regardless of the diversity of the Roma culture the traditional concept of health and illness dominates through out and influences everyday activities related to those issues. The health of entire populations, including children, is determined by their belonging to lower social classes.
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Keywords: immigrant family; migration; gender; family relations; adaptation; Poles in Canada
This paper focuses on an early Polish family life in Winnipeg. The family often served as a mechanism to reduce a sense of dislocation and to facilitateimmigrants' adaptation. The family was also the primary economic unit. The family relations were affected by gender. Both immigrant men and women found them selves reconsidering traditional roles. Somehow immigration tested their family roles innewways.
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Keywords: education in the family; John Paul II; concept of education; effectiveness of education
Searching for a concept of education in a family occupies not only theorists of education but also parents and those persons with a lively interest in practical activities directed to helping families. The Holy Father John Paul II presented a Christian perspective of family and education: He treated the family as an inseparable relationship between a woman and a man, directed from one side towards the good of the spouses and from the other towards the transmission of life to children. Education, as understood byJohn Paul II, is one of the basic aims of a family, it is one of its most important tasks.The process relies on mutual gift of one’s humanity and takes place during interactions between family members. The success of educational process in a family depends onthe quality of relationship between parents: whether spouses – parents take trouble to establish and maintain a true community of persons, whether their relationship is based on mutual trust. Parenthood is understood by John Paul II as a gift and as a task, from which follows the basic right, and simultaneously an obligation, to educate children in accordance with one’s beliefs. This task is of such importance that it should not be appropriated by any other entity. Therefore parents are the first and most important educators of their children, responsible for forming in the younger generation the spirit of universal values. The article is to make the reader more familiar with the teaching of John Paul II concerning education in the family and indicate the elements of this teaching which are especially valid for a human being living at the beginning of the XXIth century and searching for the universal concept of education in the family.
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Keywords: upbringing; education; intellectual disability; pedagogical magazines
Development of revival and rehabilitation theory and practice in Polish pedagogical circles begins to increase intensively in the interwar period. The researchers from various scientific disciplines, particularly from disabled pedagogy, sociology of upbringing,child psychiatry and genetics, are getting involved in the case of the upbringing and education of different disabilities. The discussion concerns important tasks such as: creating separate types of schools for disabled students, inventing appropriate programmes of educating pedagogical and medical staff, sorting out the terminology in the range of diagnosis and the proper selection of children with intellectual dysfunction, upbringing social awareness of intellectual disability. These cases have been imprinted for good inthe discussion about the upbringing and education of intellectually disabled children. It was conducted particularly by pedagogical magazines, which were printed from the start of the XXth century till 1939.
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Keywords: children’s magazines; the Polish People’s Republic; indoctrination; a family; childhood
The study takes up the subject matter of the image of the family and family relationships which were presented in children’s magazines such as “Świerszczyk” and“Płomyczek” issued during the time of the Polish People’s Republic.The editorial office’s aim was to bring joy and warmth to the child’s everyday life by reading the mentioned magazines.Education issues in the family are presented in clearly defined sections and mainly concern: a mutual care between family members, for example, during a disease; leisure activities, maintaining contact with a family living in the countryside or in another city;helping with field work; parents’ professional work; school problems and dealing with them in a family; the relationship with grandparents; the relationship between siblings,parents and children, celebrating public holidays and anniversaries which were forgotten during the period of socialism.At the same time, it should be noted that in the decades since the year 1945, on the pages of children’s magazines, one can observe a clear influence of political factorswhich were defining the functioning of families in our country, for example, the economic plans made by the government of the day as well as holidays and public celebrations carried out according to the Soviet way of thinking.On the pages of children’s magazines, a planned preparation for life in a socialist family was carried out efficiently and it was embedded deep in the Marxist-Leninist ideology.The children’s magazines, thoroughly censored, were an effective weapon of indoctrination carried out by the socialist state.It should be emphasized that the children’s magazines in the time of the Polish People’s Republic, as well as school books, were used to educate the citizens of the socialist state.
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Keywords: integrism; family; modernism; liberalism; religious freedom; Marcel Lefebrve; “Always Faithful”; fatherhood; religion; the Saint Pius X Brotherhood; marriage
Issues of the roles, functions, and responsibilities of families are repeatedly discussed by the Church. Marriage, family and fatherhood are the main values which the Church defends. But there is a context of divergent views: post-council (Second Vatican Council) Church versus the Saint Pius X Brotherhood which has been established by Marcel Lefebrve. Issues of Integrism have been still raised by the contemporary Church, which does not agree with the views of the Saint Pius X Brotherhood. This divisioncame after the Second Vatican Council. This is particularly important because ina social context the integrists views are extremely radical. The fulfilling of the religiousfunction which is based on the Saint Pius X Brotherhood thoughts can cause difficultiesin accommodating oneself within a multicultural, multireligious social reality.From this point of view, family and its image presented in the Brotherhood journal“Always Faithful” are important. The radical views of integrists on ecumenism, religious freedom, liberalism and modernism display the attitude toward other religions.All views, attitudes and actions directed towards the objections to modernist changes are called integrism, and its representatives are integrists.Analysis of magazines, encyclicals and speeches propagated by members of the Saint Pius X Brotherhood allows a view of the family from the Catholic tradition. The modernistic approach of the contemporary Church and presenting family in that contextis at variance with views which have been propagated by Integrists. In turn the Saint Pius X Brotherhood and the propagated traditional views do not respond to the needs ofthe contemporary reality – not only in religious terms but also social ones.
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Keywords: family; deportation; “paradise lost”; fatherland
The study, in outline, describes the issue of the wanderings of Polish deportee’s children in the Soviet territory, which followed the Soviet invasion of Poland on September 17, 1939. The author ponders the fate of the deportees in the Near and the Middle East, for whom the home and the family became a “paradise lost”. The idea“fatherland” is present in poetry and war memories of children and young people in exile.These memories, published in the Polish press in exile, are true reflection of experience,joy and painful reminiscences.
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Keywords: Spain; Francoism; family; upbringing; film
A look at the family portrait in Francoist Spain provides valuable information concerning the Spanish upbringing style and its relationship with the state ideology. A regime of Estado Nuevo (1939–1975) evolved from German and Italian fascism modelsto national-catholic autoritharianism, and marked all spheres of political, economic and social life. The dominant patriarchal family model, a woman’s role limited to house hold duties and her spouse’s will, or aggressively promoted by the authorities role models defined for many decades not only the Spanish upbringing style, but also the shape of relationships between family members. The values and norms passed to the youngest had to match the governmental reality, and due to this control, at the stage of primary socialization young people became recipients of propaganda content. From that momentit was constantly presentat every stage of education and professional life of the Spanish nation. As it was in other totalitarian countries, in Spain film was used as a propaganda tool. With the growing interest and availability of this entertainment form, cinema has become a perfect and effective communication and agitation medium. A domestic productionwas subjected to full control because of the compatibility of the presented content with current ideology, and censorship took care to save the Spanish audience from Western patterns of “depravity and extravagance”. With this background, analysis ofthe motive of family in selected Spanish films from the Francoist period allows observation of a political involvement of the family and educational processes and phenomena.
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Keywords: media; family forums; discourse; ideology; communication potential
To many people media are a natural source of knowledge these days. One such communication medium can be a discussion forum, which will be put to analysis in this paper. Yet, each message contains a meaning confined within a specific ideology conveyed by discourse used by participants of a given forum. It is this discourse that may contribute to introduction of an educational model significant to a given family. Through acquisition as well as the construction of meanings, forum members build a bond and believe in the values and educational model professed by them. Whether, however, family forums prove to be related to discourse conveying a given ideology and their communication potential proves to constitute an information network will be shown in this paper in the course of an analysis of selected discussion forums.
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Keywords: medial political propaganda; media as a historical source; Radio Free Europe; Smith–Mundt Act; psychological warfare;
This study analyses the 1948 Smith-Mundt Act in relation to the broadcasting station Radio Free Europe. The Act, which enabled the US Government institutions – especially the State Department – to overtly spread media propaganda materials abroad, has to be understood within the context of the Cold War’s world-wide political mediapropaganda. This study also looks into the “afterlife” of the Act, the Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012, which amended the original United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 in order to authorize the Secretary of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors “to provide for the preparation and dissemination of information intended for foreign audiences abroad about the United States, including its people, its history, and the federal government’s policies, through press, publications, radio, motion pictures, the Internet, and other information media, including social media, and through information centers and instructors”.
More...Keywords: memories; testimonies; post-war fighting for freedom; individual and collective memory; memory culture; trauma; narrative strategies;
The object of the article are the memoirs of postwar freedom fighters, liaison agents and others who aided partisans, which Romualdas Kaunietis had collected for over four decades and which were published as a series of ten volumes, titled Memories of Aukštaitija Partisans, Memories of Aukštaitija and Žemaitija Partisans, Memories of Freedom Fighters, and Years of Fighting for Freedom and Losses. The article aims to answer questions about the ways in which these memories create a specific content and whether they have the potential to become an integral part of the memory culture. The research is based on memory theories and is focused on genre definitions, traumatic experience, strategies of memory narratives and multilayer structure of the books. The aim of the article is to include polyphonic memories in the discourse of literary criticism.
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Keywords: conference; Poland; history; foreign researchers;
Report on "IV Kongresu Zagranicznych Badaczy Dziejów Polski Kraków" held in Krakow, October 19–22, 2022.
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