La limitation de la liberté d’expression en ligne dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
The Limitation of Freedom of Expression Online in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights

Summary/Abstract: This article examines how the European Court of Human Rights applies Article 10 of the Convention to online expression. Its central argument is that Strasbourg case law does not create an autonomous regime for freedom of expression on the Internet; rather, it adapts the traditional criteria governing permissible restrictions — legality, legitimate aim, and necessity in a democratic society — to the specific features of the digital environment. The study highlights both the continuity of the Convention framework and the emergence of distinct requirements linked to the scale of dissemination, the persistence of content, the role of technical intermediaries, procedural safeguards, and the risk of excessive restrictions. It concludes by identifying the tensions generated by platform moderation, automated decision making, and the search for a fair balance between freedom of expression and competing rights.

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