Trans ve Post-Hümanist Tartışmaları Ekseninde İnsan Doğasının Geleceği
The Future of Human Nature in the Context of Transhumanist and Post-Humanist Debates

Summary/Abstract: This study examines debates on the future of human nature within the context of transhumanism and posthumanism from an existential perspective, based on the premise that the human being is not only a biological entity but also a metaphysical one. Rapid technological advancements have introduced a new dimension to discussions concerning the ontological status and limits of the human, generating new questions about human nature, identity, selfhood, and meaning. Within this framework, the study addresses both the transhumanist claim that human biological and cognitive limitations can be transcended through technology and the posthumanist critique of anthropocentric ontology. In this regard, the study analyzes how developments in biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and genetic engineering seek to transform the understanding of human nature as a fixed and immutable essence. However, it emphasizes that the human being cannot be reduced to a merely material existence, but must be understood as possessing transcendent and metaphysical dimensions. In particular, interventions aimed at enhancing physical and cognitive capacities require a reconsideration of the human as a “Self” that seeks meaning, produces values, and assumes responsibility. By taking into account the distinction between “beşer” and “insan,” the study argues that technological interventions have the potential to transform not only biological structures but also human and metaphysical qualities. In conclusion, although human nature is dynamic, its metaphysical dimension should not be overlooked, and discussions of the human future must be grounded in fundamental values such as responsibility, justice, and freedom. Furthermore, this approach highlights that the human being is not merely an object open to technical enhancement, but also a subject endowed with meaning, consciousness, and a horizon of values, thus requiring ethical evaluations of the future to adopt a deeper, holistic perspective that encompasses all existential dimensions of the human being while avoiding reductionist paradigms.

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