АРТЕРИО - ВЕНСКА ФИСТУЛА КАКО ВАСКУЛАРЕН ПРИСТАП КАЈ ПАЦИЕНТИ НА ХЕМОДИЈАЛИЗА И УЛОГАТА НА МЕДИЦИНСКАТА СЕСТРА ВО ЕДУКАЦИЈАТА
ARTERIO-VENOUS FISTULA AS A VASCULAR ACCESS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AND THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN EDUCATION

Summary/Abstract: The arteriovenous fistula is the safest and most commonly recommended vascular access in patients treated with hemodialysis, due to its long-term usability, reduced risk of infections and better hemodynamic characteristics. Its proper fabrication, maintenance and monitoring are essential for the success of dialysis treatment and for improving the quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this paper is to present the importance of the arteriovenous fistula as an optimal choice for vascular access, as well as to highlight the role of the nurse in the patient education process. The paper discusses the basic principles of creation and functioning of the arteriovenous fistula, its advantages over other vascular accesses, as well as possible complications that may occur during its use. Particular attention is paid to complications such as thrombosis, infection, stenosis and reduced flow, which can lead to dialysis inefficiency and the need for additional interventions. A key role in the overall care is played by the nurse, who actively participates in the preparation of the patient, monitoring the condition of the fistula and timely recognition of potential problems. Patient education is an important segment of nursing practice and includes guidelines for proper hygiene, protection of the limb with a fistula, avoiding pressure, as well as recognizing early symptoms of complications. With continuous education and support, patients become more active participants in their own care, which contributes to better cooperation and risk reduction. In conclusion, an integrated approach that includes the nurse as an educator and support is key to long-term functionality of the arteriovenous fistula and successful treatment with hemodialysis. Individually tailored education, in accordance with the age, level of education and general health of the patient, contributes to easier adoption and application of the given recommendations in everyday life. Such an approach allows for better protection of the vascular access, while reducing the likelihood of complications and the need for additional hospital treatments.

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