ВЛИЈАНИЕТО НА ГЛИКЕМИСКАТА КОНТРОЛА ВРЗ ПОЈАВАТА И ПРОГРЕСИЈА НА СРЦЕВА СЛАБОСТ КАЈ ПАЦИЕНТИ СО ДИЈАБЕТЕС МЕЛИТУС ТИП 2
THE INFLUENCE OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL ON THE OCCASION AND PROGRESSION OF HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Summary/Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure are two interrelated chronic diseases with a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and quality of life in patients. Poor glycemic control is one of the main factors contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular complications, including heart failure. The aim of this paper is to present the impact of glycemic control on the occurrence and progression of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The paper analyzes clinical data and contemporary knowledge related to glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, duration of diabetes, presence of cardiovascular risk factors and incidence of heart failure. Special attention is paid to the impact of chronic hyperglycemia on myocardial function, vascular changes and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The results indicate that patients with inadequately regulated glycemia have a significantly higher risk of developing heart failure, more frequent hospitalizations and faster disease progression. Elevated HbA1c values are associated with impaired systolic and diastolic function, as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In addition, the presence of arterial hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia increases the negative effect of diabetes on cardiac function. The modern therapeutic approach involves individualized glycemic control, regular monitoring of cardiovascular status and the use of modern antidiabetic drugs with a cardioprotective effect. Timely prevention, patient education and a multidisciplinary approach play a key role in reducing complications and improving the prognosis in these patients. Early recognition of patients at risk and continuous monitoring of the metabolic state are an important part of modern clinical practice. Improving glycemic control not only affects the regulation of diabetes, but also reduces cardiovascular risk and improves the functional capacity of patients. An integrated approach between the cardiologist, endocrinologist and nurse allows for more effective therapy and better control of the disease. Appropriate education and promotion of healthy lifestyle habits play an important role in preventing further complications. The application of modern preventive and therapeutic measures contributes to the extension and improvement of the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure

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