Exploring the social challenges and family perceptions of Theravāda Buddhist Monks in Kathmandu, Nepal
Exploring the social challenges and family perceptions of Theravāda Buddhist Monks in Kathmandu, Nepal

Summary/Abstract: Nepal, the birthplace of the Buddha, has been gradually growing in Theravāda Buddhism since 1950s. Despite the country has rooted spiritual history of Buddha, the dominance of other religion has shaded Theravāda Buddhism and the monks are often not valued and respected for their roles. This qualitative study explores the lived experiences of Theravāda Buddhist monks residing inside Kathmandu Valley who are originally from Hindu religion background. Through ten semi-structured interviews conducted in the local language, this study examines the complexities of monastic life in contemporary society of Nepal. Findings reveal that monks face challenges in maintaining Sīla (monastic discipline), particularly due to lack of knowledge on Theravāda Buddhism, societal misconceptions, inadequate institutional support, and the rise of urban living. Social interactions and family influences also shape the monks’ spiritual journeys and the inner conflict between religious obligations and societal expectations may cause hurdle to the monks. This paper emphasizes the crucial role of community practices of alms in sustaining the monks both materially and spiritually. The findings of this paper highlight the lack of attention to the everyday realities of Theravāda monastics in Nepal. By documenting these experiences, the study contributes to a broader understanding of traditional monastic life and their adaptations within changing cultural and social frameworks of society. This research encourages more inclusive discourse on religious life and its evolving dynamics in Nepali society.

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