Relacja między łaską a wolnością w procesie przebóstwienia – w myśli Maksymosa Wyznawcy
The Relationship between Grace and Freedom in the Process of Deification in the Thought of Maximus the Confessor

Summary/Abstract: The article analyzes the relationship between grace and freedom in the process of deification(θέωσις, theōsis) in the theology of St. Maximus the Confessor (†662). At the core of his reflection lies the concept of cooperation (συνεργεία, synergeía), which expresses the dynamic interaction between divine and human action within the economy of salvation. Based on a critical examination of the primary texts (Ambigua, Quaestiones ad Thalassium, Capita de caritate, Mystagogia), the study demonstrates that, for Maximus, grace does not abolish human freedom but perfects and empower sit, leading to participation in the divine life. The crucial distinction between the natural will (θέλημα φυσικόν, thélēmaphysikón) and the personal or gnomic will (γνώμη, gnōmē) enables Maximus to present an integral vision of the unity of nature and person in the process of salvation. Deification thus appears as a dynamic harmony of two freedoms – divine and human – realized in love (ἀγάπη, agápē).The paper concludes that Maximus’ synthesis, uniting Christology, anthropology, and cosmology, offers one of the most complete expressions of the synergic model of Christian soteriology and remains relevant for contemporary theological discussions on grace, freedom, and human participation in the Trinitarian life

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