THE EVOLUTION AND TECHNICAL REFINEMENT OF THE HARMONIUM IN THE 19th AND 20th CENTURIES
THE EVOLUTION AND TECHNICAL REFINEMENT OF THE HARMONIUM IN THE 19th AND 20th CENTURIES

Summary/Abstract: This study examines the evolution and technical refinement of the harmonium during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Originally inspired by the construction principles of the pipe organ, the harmonium gradually developed into a complex and expressive instrument. The paper highlights the contributions of important builders such as Alexandre-François Debain, Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, the Mustel family, Dumont-Lelièvre & Cie, Johannes Titz, and Mason & Hamlin. Their innovations significantly improved the mechanical structure, sound quality, and expressive possibilities of the instrument. The study also discusses the development of both pressure and suction wind systems and their influence on harmonium construction in France, Germany, and the United States. Finally, the article emphasizes the historical importance of the harmonium and its continued appreciation in modern restoration and performance practice.

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