Conditions for Commercial Banks to Participate in Financing Defence Policy in Poland: Regulatory, Sustainability and Financial Context Cover Image

Uwarunkowania zaangażowania banków komercyjnych w finansowanie polityki obronnej w Polsce: aspekt regulacyjny, zrównoważonego rozwoju i finansowy
Conditions for Commercial Banks to Participate in Financing Defence Policy in Poland: Regulatory, Sustainability and Financial Context

Author(s): Renata Karkowska, Paweł Niedziółka, Małgorzata Zaleska
Subject(s): Security and defense, Financial Markets, Public Finances
Published by: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Keywords: defence policy; commercial banks; financing; ESG; geopolitical risk;

Summary/Abstract: The response to the escalation of geopolitical risk and the growing threat from the Russian Federation is a significant increase in spending on security and defence. At the same time, questions arise about the impact of these investments on the Polish economy and public finances. One of the solutions to reduce the burden of military spending on the budget is to involve commercial banks in the financing process. Therefore, the aim of this article is to answer the question of to what extent the commercial banking sector in Poland could become a partial substitute for the state in financing security and defence spending. The article emphasises the need to develop a model for financing the defence sector that creates a multiplier effect and stimulates economic growth while maintaining control over the deficit and debt of the general government sector in the context of approaching the values enshrined in the Maastricht criteria, as well as financial stability. The analysis includes key conditions for the banking sector's involvement in defence policy financing.

  • Issue Year: 13/2026
  • Issue No: 1
  • Page Range: 7-28
  • Page Count: 22
  • Language: Polish
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