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Transitions Online_Media-The Enduring Reign of Assaults on Media Freedom
Napoleonic ideas trump the liberal visions of Kundera and Havel.
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Napoleonic ideas trump the liberal visions of Kundera and Havel.
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Regional headlines: huge protest in Belarus; tensions escalate in the Caucasus; self-immolation in Russia; faulty elections in Kyrgyzstan; and a new opposition party leader in Croatia.
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Regional headlines: sea life die-off in Kamchatka; honoring Ismail Kadare; Czech and Moldovan elections; and Uzbek satirists.
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Spanish voices from across the ideological spectrum no longer accept the analogy of Spain’s restive Catalonia region to Kosovo and its violent split from Yugoslavia.
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Regional headlines: political chaos in Kyrgyzstan; Tsikhanouskaya in Berlin; Hungary loses CEU case; EU scolds Bulgaria; and opaque tenders in Albania.
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Suspicion of the Chinese tech giant ratchets up as a prestigious security conference backs out of a sponsorship agreement after criticism from the Slovak president, among others.
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Regional headlines: Kazakh charged with embezzling billions; Russian hypersonic missile launch; coronavirus in Ukraine; Kosovo in digital limbo; and a trip behind the Iron Curtain.
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Researches have been conducted on the key organizational prerequisites, elements and features of virtual teams (input elements), the key factors for their effective functioning (processes) and the immediate results of the activity of the virtual structures on the basis of the contemporary models of integration via the so-called input-process-output (IPO) scheme. The goal is to find a common theoretical and methodical basis that combines the fundamental models for the effectiveness of virtual teams. A new conceptual integrative model has been well-argued. The matrix of the input-process-output (IPO) model offers a different approach for transforming multilateral relations and factors into working processes, which is much more difficult to achieve in a virtual team environment than in a traditional hierarchical structure.
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For the purposes of research, the degree of internationalization of business has been divided into two periods – the first covers the seven years before Bulgaria's accession to the EU, and the second period spans almost ten years after the signing of the membership agreement. А system of indicators, which are related to the production of tourist services, their export and the transfer of foreign investments, has been created in order to determine the degree of internationalization of the Bulgarian tourism business. The processes of business internationalization are considered from both a structural and a dynamic point of view, comparing the two periods. Emphasis is placed on the problems and difficulties in the business, as well as on the achievements and traditions in this field.
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А study of the significant investors in the industrial zones in Bulgaria is conducted. The results of already established and functioning industrial zones are analysed in parallel with an evaluation of investor expectations. The study is not strictly analytical but offers solutions and recommendations with potential to improve the functioning of the industrial zones in the country.
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А study of the significant investors in the industrial zones in Bulgaria is conducted. The results of already established and functioning industrial zones are analysed in parallel with an evaluation of investor expectations. The study is not strictly analytical but offers solutions and recommendations with potential to improve the functioning of the industrial zones in the country.
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This study examines the effect of trade policy on Nigeria’s economic growth and uses annual data spanning from 1983 to 2018. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test revealed that the variables employed have a mixed order of integration (i(0), i(1)). Thereafter, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was employed because it suits the outcome of the pre-estimation test. A cointegration test among the variables was conducted using the ARDL bound test technique. The ARDL estimates showed that the adjusted trade ratio and the price-based variables have a positive impact on the GDP in both the short and the long run. The impulse response function for the estimated ARDL model was computed in order to confirm the accuracy of the Bound testing result. Interestingly, the findings remained robust when the potential effect of the trade policy was accounted for using the impulse response function (IRF) (see the Appendix). The IRF showed dynamically that the GDP responded positively to the trade policy at a higher horizon contrary to the short run estimate, thereby giving more credibility to the result of the ARDL which was being transformed by the IRF. The dynamic responses made it possible to find out that the GDP responded positively and negatively to trade policy, but that the accumulated (long run) effect was positive. The conclusion was reached that in Nigeria the adjusted trade ratio was procyclical while the price-based mechanism was countercyclical throughout the scope of study. The suggestion was made that the policy makers should adopt policies that can promote international trade and innovations, and can shut out any form of black market premium that may cause distortions.
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This study examines the effect of trade policy on Nigeria’s economic growth and uses annual data spanning from 1983 to 2018. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test revealed that the variables employed have a mixed order of integration (i(0), i(1)). Thereafter, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was employed because it suits the outcome of the pre-estimation test. A cointegration test among the variables was conducted using the ARDL bound test technique. The ARDL estimates showed that the adjusted trade ratio and the price-based variables have a positive impact on the GDP in both the short and the long run. The impulse response function for the estimated ARDL model was computed in order to confirm the accuracy of the Bound testing result. Interestingly, the findings remained robust when the potential effect of the trade policy was accounted for using the impulse response function (IRF) (see the Appendix). The IRF showed dynamically that the GDP responded positively to the trade policy at a higher horizon contrary to the short run estimate, thereby giving more credibility to the result of the ARDL which was being transformed by the IRF. The dynamic responses made it possible to find out that the GDP responded positively and negatively to trade policy, but that the accumulated (long run) effect was positive. The conclusion was reached that in Nigeria the adjusted trade ratio was procyclical while the price-based mechanism was countercyclical throughout the scope of study. The suggestion was made that the policy makers should adopt policies that can promote international trade and innovations, and can shut out any form of black market premium that may cause distortions.
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The title construction of а dissertation and the steps for its implementation and analysis are discussed. The main elements and peculiarities that come into play when choosing the title of the dissertation and the titles of its subsections are successively analysed. An analytical review is made of the titles of defended dissertations in the field of economic sciences and an algorithm for recognizing the title structure of a dissertation is created. The findings can be useful for PhD students of economics, academic supervisors, students and anyone interested in the study of titles in the field of economic science.
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This article examines two versions of the proportionality constraint in just war theory, one minimalist, prohibiting almost no military acts, and one maximalist, prohibiting pretty much everything. I argue that neither one meets the needs of the theory and that they should be supplemented and modified by an ethic of responsibility.
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The text provides a political reading of Shakespeare’s Macbeth, claiming that the play is responding to the curious connection between witchcraft and state power in the preceding century, as well as contemporary political events. Namely, practices variously labeled as witchcraft, magic, conjuring were an integral aspect of English politics and struggles over royal succession in the sixteenth century; even more so were the witch hunts and attempts by British monarchs to control witchcraft. These issues reached a head with the accession of James VI of Scotland to the English throne in 1603, and the Gunpowder Plot in 1605. On the surface, Shakespeare’s play, written in the immediate aftermath of the failed attempt at regicide, brings these historical and political issues together in an effort to legitimize James’ rule. However, the article shows that a closer look reveals a more complicated, indeed subversive undercurrent at play. Paradoxically, while Macbeth does provide James with legitimacy, at the same time it calls into question the grounds of that legitimacy.
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The paper distinguishes two accounts of legal normativity. One-source accounts claim there is only one source for legal normativity, which is ultimately linguistic. Two-source accounts claim legal normativity is both linguistic and non-linguistic. Two-source accounts claim we need to go beyond language and beyond propositions taken as linguistic entities, while they are one-source accounts’ main conceptual tool. Both accounts construct propositions as linguistic. There is, nevertheless, a documented analytic tradition starting with G.E. Moore that constructs propositions as non-linguistic entities. Today, the problem of the unity of proposition and structured propositions are highly debated in metaphysics. How does such debates fit into the one-source vs. two-source picture of legal normativity? Why has analytic legal philosophy failed to consider such an option concerning propositions (arguably calling descriptive sentences about norms “normative propositions” did not help)? This paper thus (I) reconstructs the argumentative dynamics between one-source and two-source accounts; (II) presents the less considered philosophical view of propositions as non-linguistic entities and (III) discusses how to include or dismiss such a philosophical view in the one-source/two-source debate on legal normativity.
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The issue of euthanasia presents a contact area of ethics, law, and politics. This text provides a contribution to the expert public debate on the introduction of euthanasia into Serbian legislation. It does so first by clarifies the term – euthanasia (as a right to die with dignity). Further, it considers the obligations of other persons that arise from this right and the conditions under which they present a restriction on personality rights. By citing examples from the fields of ethics and law, the text states that the distinction between active and passive euthanasia is in fact a product of inadequate deliberation during the implementation of this differentiation.
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