HISTORICAL AND MODERN TOPONYMY: THE EXAMPLE OF QIQINETI VILLAGE

Author(s): Merab Beridze / Language(s): English Issue: 47/2020

The toponymy of the village Qiqineti is discussed in this article. The village is situated in Adigheni municipality of Samtskhe-Javakheti region, South Georgia. This part of the country is one of the oldest regions of Georgia – Meskheti, which is distinguished by its oldest toponymy. The names of villages such as Chobareti, Muskhi, Tskordza, Toba and others are as old as about two thousand years. In most of Meskheti villages, the population dwells here continuously so their toponym gives a clear clue of their remote history and traditionality. But there are still many villages, whose population migrated and new population took their places due to hard times in history. This caused cessation of the natural development processes and a new stream of toponymy, based on unnatural but forced administrative processes, appeared. The village Qiqineti belongs to such kind of villages and its microtoponymy is very interesting and examplary for us today. In this work, macrotoponymy is analysed by means of historical-comparative method. The toponyms acknowledged in the sources, in some cases, have been altered so far and it is,teherefore, difficult to determine their real linguistic roots. As for the toponyms evidenced in the 20th century, they are derived mainly from the interviewers through direct and in-depth interviewing. Besides direct interviews to gather relevant data, we used the material gathered by the MA and PhD students in the related departments of Samtskhe-Javakheti State University. When discussing the literature sources we gave preference to Georgian sources and also Osmal (Ottoman Empire) period sources, which are published in Georgian.The material gathered from the interviewers and historical sources permits to conduct structural and semantic analysis, identify the forms produced through the mixture of the dialects which also reveal the new linguistic-dialectological situation characteristic for the village Qiqineti. Studying the toponymy of only one village enables us to carry out our research in detail, find out new linguistic layers, general characteristic features of the Georgian dialects and the special cases found out in the village. The results of the research showed out that the main cause of disappearing the microtoponyms is the forced displacement of the population through administrative interference. The existence of oronymy as the basic orienting point for distribution of the lands and territories is also the result of the administrative interference.

THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF THE LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN JAVAKHETI AND THE INFLUENCING FACTORS

Author(s): Maka Beridze / Language(s): English Issue: 47/2020

The Georgian historical sources preserve important information observing which enables us to restore the process of changes taking place in one of the frontier districts of Georgia,Javakheti, from the linguistic and ethnical viewpoint.In Javakheti region the ethnical Georgians, Armenians and Russians live together in a closevicinity. They have usual interinfluences and interrelations in their daily life, they have ties,relationships and are obedient to the same government and are the citizens of one country.They study often at same schools, though the regular interinfluence does not eliminate theircultural peculiarities and differences which are important. Each group maintains ownpeculiarities and characteristic features, traditions, values, aspirations which revealthemselves in the different circumstances.Based on the historical sources, to the extent possible, the processes which in the different times were conditioning alteration of the spheres of usage of the different linguistic components, are described in the represented work in sequential manner. The spheres which nowadays are divided in Javakheti region as spheres of Georgian, Russian,Armenian orTurkish languages and their linguistic variations, are identified; The perspectives of the language policy and the peculiarities of using the State language are clearly shown. The historical events are analyzed basing on the modern days situation and the main factors influencing the language situation in the region are shown.the research work represented is based on the methods of social linguistics as well as on the linguistics as a discipline. Those methods can be for the purpose of discussion divided in three parts. The scientists refer the methods of gathering the language material to the first group; the second group involves the methods of the material processing and the third group involves the methods of evaluation and interpretation of the received data.

KÜLTÜREL BELLEK MEKÂNI VE MİLLİ KİMLİK YARATMADA PINARBAŞI AĞITLARININ İŞLEVİ

Author(s): Ramazan ERGÖZ,Oğuz DOĞAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

Human beings make a world for themselves by making sense of their environment. In order for this transfer to be continuous, it must be permanent in human memory. Turning the memory into a place in a cultural sense, human codes should be kept alive in all areas of life and transferred to new generations. There are various transitional periods in human life such as birth, marriage and death. They are essential transitions in human life. Beliefs and rituals formed around the transition periods have an essential place in keeping the cultural memory alive. It is understood that various cultural activities have emerged around death. The beliefs and practices that emerged at various stages before, during and after death bear the traces of thousands of years of the collective subconscious. The lament burned after the deceased is the outward reflection of the pain of a relative lost by humanity with death. The laments are a kind of farewell to the deceased, expressing a short life story of that person pathetically. It is also possible to see the traces of culture in laments. In laments, traces of daily life, tradition and custom, social life, geographical elements, etc. There are many factors. Laments also have the feature of being the bearer of national identity. The laments that result from pathetic events contain codes that will help the individual find his national identity. It is possible to determine the main elements of national identity such as tradition and custom, homeland and language in laments. In this context, there are codes in Pinarbasi laments that will help individuals reach their cultural identity. It is seen that the elements of culture and national identity are intensely included in Pinarbasi laments. In our study, the function of laments in creating a cultural memory and national identity will be emphasised, and Pinarbasi laments will be examined in this context.

HARBETSUVAN TEPESİ 2018 YILI KAZI ÇALIŞMASI

Author(s): Bahattin Çelik,Hatice TOSYAGÜLÜ ÇELİK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

Researches within the Şanlıurfa province borders in recent years have proved that the connection between the centers belong to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period (PPN) is more intense than expected. Especially, this intensity, emerged in the beginning of the 9th millenium, manifests with the increasing numbers of the centers with similar characteristics. These centers are; Sefer Tepe, Kurt Tepe, Hamzan Tepe, Taşlı Tepe, Karahan Tepe, and Harbetsuvan Tepe which are particularly characterized by “T” shaped pillars. Archaeological excavations were started in 2017 in Harbetsuvan Tepe that is one of these centers which have the same sized “T” shaped pillars with yhe II. layer of Göbeklitepe. During this rescue excavation, which was mostly made to understand the extent of the damage caused by illegal excavation areas, new architectural and archaeological finds were started to unearth. The presence of pillars in the quadrangler planned structures or in the walls which unearthed during the Harbetsuve Tepe excavations revealed that this is similar with the II. Layer of Göbeklitepe. When looked at the finds unearthed such as piece of a sculpture with phallus, pillar with arm and finger relief, Byblos typed arrowheads, flat axes, obsidian arrowheads, pestles made of basalt, and stone basin of a bath, are special to this period. Therefore, the excavations at Harbetsuvan Tepe have definitely revealed that there is a new center, which has the same feature of a second cult center besides Göbekli Tepe. In this study, we will try to show that the Tek Tek Mountains region, where Harbetsuvan Tepe is located, was not rich in vegetation during the Neolithic period as well as today, and the architecture of the Neolithic period was shaped accordingly to this lack of vegetation. Besides, there will be an assessment on architectural innovations and small finds unearthed during the Harbetsuvan Hill excavation in 2018.

DÎVÂNU LUĞÂT’İT-TÜRK’TE ARAÇ-GEREÇLERLE İLGİLİ SÖZ VARLIĞI VE TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİNDEKİ GÖRÜNÜMLERİ

Author(s): Tülin Ayşe KOÇ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

Dîvânu Lugât’it-Türk is a Turkish-Arabic dictionary written by Kâşgarlı Mahmud. The masterpiece which is written under the rules of Arabic grammar has an important place as it gives details about Turkish culture history. Dîvânu Lugât’it-Türk which has a place in Tukish language studies contains important information on tools and equipments which Turkish people used in 11th century. In this study, by detecting of existing of tools and equipments used in agriculture and livestock breeding in in Dîvânu Lugât’it-Türk in accordance with language-culture relationship, it’s tried to follow the process of them from the 11th century to now. In this study, Ahmet Bican Arcilasun and Ziyat Akkoyunlu translation of Dîvânu Lugât’it-Türk is used and firstly, the tools and equipments used in agrticulture and livestock breeding are detected. The words detected are classified among themselves and by writing each lexical entry in bold, page number is shown in brackets. After the word items in Dîvânu Lugât’it-Türk are given exactly the same, the explanations of the words are made. In this explanations, expanding examples, their allophones and the words which have semantic relations are tried to included the ethimological dictionary of Sir Gerard Clauson is taken as a basis and when the other ethimological dictionaries differ, it’s stated. By analzying the scan dictionary, the usage period of the words and the period of their changing are emphasized and the conditions of words in formal language are analyzed by using the dictionary of Turkish Language Association. Benefitting from the Compilation Dictionary their usage in the dialects are detected. This study gives us a clues about what kind of methods are used in agriculture and livestock breeding by Turkic people in 11th century and the language they used in that period.

FUNCTION OF NATIONAL COSMONYMS IN ABAY KUNANBAYEV'S APHORISMS

Author(s): Mereke Atabaeva,Marita SNABEKOVA,Mengul KANABEKOVA / Language(s): English Issue: 47/2020

The language characterizes not only the national experience, material and spiritual wealth of the nation, but also serves to preserve and transmit it from generation to generation. From this point of view, language is not only the “most important means of communication”, but also a manifestation of the culture that arose as a result of the conscious activity of linguists. Each cultural world has its own model. A model is a form of the world formed through national culture. A person perceives the real picture of the world, as necessary, through language and not a copy of it. The linguistic picture of the world clearly describes the phenomena of being. The linguistic picture of the world is manifested in linguistic symbols, words, knowledge that a person encounters in life. "The instrument of language is the word." The people’s life is depicted with the help of a word, stored in a sign-word. The great thinker Abay, who knew mankind well, said: “A person is colored by his words, A person is judged by his words”, which means that the person’s words can betray his true face. Aphorisms are the basis of speech, therefore, the article discusses the aphorisms of the Great Abay. Each social thought is born in due its time, and aphorisms in Abay’s works can be understood as a result of understanding the urgent problems of Kazakh life. In Abai’s works, the majority of aphorisms are occupied by national cosonyms. National cosmonyms are the names of space objects visible without special devices. In fact, the general laws are inherent in the names of the language, nevertheless, each nation perceives and depicts general phenomena in its own way. They make up the traditional culture of the nation. The article discusses the use of national cosonyms in Abay’s works and a peculiar image. Since “culture is the result of cognition, “the article also deals with the foundations of a national worldview in the content of the names of the heavenly world and ethnocultural information transmitted through these names.

SANATIN ÖLÜMÜ ÜZERİNE: YANLIŞ CENAZEYE AĞIT

Author(s): Doğan Akbulut / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

The thoughts that no one can say boldly about the end of art, but are sometimes said to be implicit or implied, raise some questions. The idea that art, which is an effort of human self-creation, ends or will end is an unpleasant prophecy. What is the basis for the ideas raised within this context? The questions posed by the idea of the end of art are: does art, which is peer to human, has really come to an end or is the idea of the end of art a reality beyond prophecy? These kinds of questions are not the first time asked when the development process of art is examined. Whenever humanity has experienced a confusion especially in the face of technological innovations, the art that had to redefine itself entered such deep identity crises. In order to provide satisfactory answers to the above questions, it is necessary to know the postmodern perception that the world today is based on. Accordingly, it is important to determine how the human is processed, in which position it is seen, what role is played in the cultural structure, in the developing new world design. In addition to the technological developments, technical innovations and transformations brought by the tools, the paths and methods followed by both corporate and external art events should be taken into account. It is not easy to say that anything has ended, died or was born or resurrected. In this respect, theoretical answers were sought for the above questions by connecting with the thought patterns that art was accepted as autonomous, original and most importantly elitist in the past and taking into account the cultural, social and economic structure of the postmodern world, the extremely wide limits enforced by technology, and the production forms and functions of art, in this article.The implication revealed as a result of the discussion is that the most important factor that will determine the future of art is human as in previous periods and the attitude that the artists will take will determine the result.

SİNOPE MİMARİ BEZEMELERİ: Kymation, Anthemion, Yaprak ve İnci-Boncuklar

Author(s): NAZLI YILDIRIM / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the architectural decorations such as ionic and lesbian kymation, anthemion, leaf and bead-and-reels which have been identified in Sinope, with a scientific observation. In addition to detailed descriptions of architectural decorations, topics such as the style criticism and dating suggestions of these decorations were included in the study. Since the use of modern settlements and spolia in the city reduces the number of architectural elements, the decorations that make up our subject can be defined with a limited number of examples. Although the number is limited, the examples in question provide general but important information about the architectural decorations applied in the city. Architectural decorations, which were in a typological and stylistic development and change, proved that there was an important local workshop in the city, starting from the Archaic Period to the end of the Severus Period and this workshop was able to follow and apply the popular architectural decorations of the period. When architectural embellishments are generally evaluated, it is possible to say that thecity workshop has a quality, meticulous and clean workmanship from early to late. In the general decoration area, the motifs are lively, moving and light-shade effective, and harmony and symmetry among the motifs are noteworthy. It is observed that the empty spaces between the embellishments, which have a clean workmanship, were also smoothly burnished. In addition to standard practices, this local workshop has been observed to have its own, standardized practices.

KAZAK TÜRKLERİNDE SÜNNET TÖRENİ

Author(s): Gülzana NAUANOVA / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

The behaviors that are important in the formation of the identities of societies are the elements of cultural cultural treasures such as customs and traditions, conservative and customs, festivals and ceremonies. The behaviors of the ones in subjects such as birth, childhood, circumcision, marriage, death are among the elements of cultural treasures. As well as cultural treasures that provide information about the cultural characteristics and identities of all societies, the beliefs, rituals, histories and guards of Kazakh Turks. Social practices are one of the most important values that bear traces of the identity of the society. One of these social practices is circumcision ceremonies. Every nation has its own folk culture and motherhood. It is clear that circumcision ceremonies and other folk elements are performed in different styles. The tradition of circumcision originated in Arab countries as a religious tradition and later spread to other countries that were Muslim. During this spread, each nation adopted this tradition according to their economic manifestations and according to their way of life.The Kazakh Turks are one of the nationalities who take this tradition according to their own cultural life and realize it. Kazakh Turks have taken the tradition of circumcision according to their living conditions. The fact that the Kazakh Turks lived a nomadic life in the past periods of history also differed in the realization phase of this tradition. However, some changes and additions emerged after these settlements. In this study, it is tried to explain in detail the equivalent of this tradition in Kazakh Turks under the title of Circumcision Ceremony in Kazakh Turks.

CATHERINE MORLAND’S CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN JANE AUSTEN’S NORTHANGER ABBEY

Author(s): Mediha Aşkaroğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 47/2020

Throughout the ages, the development of human character has always been an important issue for the establishment of a good society. Since Platon and Aristoteles, who handled morality and education, up to the present educational sciences and psychology, many books with various views have been written, and many researches have been carried out. Besides,scientific studies have focused upon human nature and tried to explain it through genetic, socio-genetic, social or sociocultural approaches, according to which they developed educational systems and institutions in order to have humans act in the desired way. Since the primitive religions and beliefs, which emerged in order to explain the mysterious natural events, and get rid of the fear of the unknown, up to the present heavenly religions, it has always been an important goal to direct human behaviour into a moral and socially accept ableset of conduct. By setting the Victorian period as the basis of her novels, Jane Austen deals particularly with the morality of the period. As a realist author, she attaches great importance to the depiction of her female characters in their struggle to overcome their depravity and achieve higher social status. In Northanger Abbey, a novel of her early period as an author, the protagonist Catherine Morland needs to construct a new existence and attain a new personality by transforming herself from the poor villager girl into an acceptable woman in an aristocratic circle. Her lack of education, ignorance of human nature and aristocratic circles, as well as loneliness with no experienced adult to guide her leave her alone in a seemingly hostile and indifferent environment, where she has to find her own path by her own means. She find sherself amid the world of aristocrats and her personality develops in line with the choices and decisions she makes. This article, which examines her character development, aims to trace personality development through social and psychological terms, and analyse the transformation in her attitudes and perceptions.

REALİZM TEORİSİNİN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI VE GELİŞME EVRELERİ

Author(s): Dursun Murat DÜZGÜN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

The analysis of international politics with no regard to realism is almost impossible. The main principles realist writers have in common from international ecomomic politics are national interests, the central role of the state in directing economic activities, and the importance of creating a feasible commercial balance for improvement and increase of welfare. Realism begins with states as the primary actors in international system. The anarchy hypothesis of realism is in the center of theory of inter-state cooperation. Anarchy is the order principle of international system. Anarchy is not chaos; it foresees competition and clash among states and therefore underlines the need to create cooperation. International institutions may help to facilitate such a cooperation between states. Realism is a significant theory having dominated international relations since World War II. It rests upon strong views as regards power politics and maintenance of national interests. Realism and neo-realism conceptualize structural power as the total amount of capability a state has. State leaders may have moralistic tendencies, but they should not allow moral concerns to guide foreign policy. The emergence and development stages of realism theory as the main stream of international relations are discussed in this study. In this study, a qualitative research has been conducted and document analysis method, especially critical discourse analysis, has been applied. In conclusion, it can be alleged that realist ideas continue to inform foreign economic policy all over the world. In practice, realism inspires current protectionist policies and state-centered approaches towards economic development and growth worldwide.

SERBEST RİTİMLİ EZGİLERE YÖNELİK DİKTE ÇALIŞMALARINDA FİNALE MUSİC YAZILIMININ KULLANIMI

Author(s): Aytunç Aydin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

In Turkish Music, forms such as taksim, açış, gazel are free-rhythm tunes performed improperly. It is important to utilize music software in order to make the notes written as a result of dictation of free rhythm samples performed and dictation of these samples as much as possible. In the study, it is aimed to reveal how the finale music program should be used in dictating free rhythm tunes in a useful and correct way. In the study, the steps that need to be done for this purpose are explained with visuals. As an example of free rhythm melody, the açış in the entrance section consisting of 31 seconds and chosen by Davut Sulari in the uzun hava named Tan Yıldızı was chosen. In addition to the finale music software with version 26, Melodyne (version 4.1.0.001) and Sound Analysis Oscilloscope (version 1.1 / 7) software were used to measure the frequency values of the required pitches in the examined icrâ sample. In the study, the data were obtained using documentary scanning (document method) and interview technique. The MIDI / Audio feature in the Finale Music program has provided a practical use for dictating the relevant performance example. The feature in question can divide the sound file of the execution into the number of measurements and announce the notes written with these sounds simultaneously. This simultaneous operation and also the ability to listen to the divided audio files of the measurements at the desired repetitions facilitated the detection of the notes and increased the accuracy. It is thought that the study will benefit new studies on the subject.

TİCARET YOĞUNLUĞUNUN ANALİZİ: TÜRKİYE VE TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Mehmet Ali Demir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

The main aim of this study is to determine what countries are advantageous in the potential commercial expansion in 21st century between Turkey and Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, called the Turkic Republics, with which Turkey has common ethnic and cultural values, and to find out whether bilateral commerce has intensified in comparison to the rest of the world. In this regard, in order to determine the route of the bilateral commercial relations between Turkey and Turkic Republics, commercial intensity index, export intensity index and import intensity index have been applied using data about foreign trade between 2010-2019. It has been concluded that during this period, trade relations between Turkey and Turkic Republics were higher than the intensity index value 1, and trade was carried out very intensely. Similarly, the obtained export intensity and import intensity indeces values were higher than 1. When average export intensity and average import intensity values of the same period are taken into consideration, it has been concluded that Turkey has been advantageous in comparison to other countries (except for Uzbekistan) and that the structure of bilateral commercial activities was in favour of Turkey. When the globalisation activities, which have intensified recently, and the potential of these countries with common historical and cultural values are taken into account, Turkey and Turkic countries are expected to make more effort to increase the intensity of bilateral commercial activities.

TÜRKİYE’DE HAZİNE BORÇLANMA LİMİTİ

Author(s): Ahmet KADIKÖYLÜ,Özay ÖZPENÇE / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

Debt limit or debt ceiling practices ensure effective management of government debt and the rule-based implementation of fiscal policy. Especially considering that borrowing for financing budget deficits and interest payments has increased from year to year, debt limit implementation is important in terms of ensuring budget discipline. Although debt limit applications in countries ' financial systems differ, it is generally observed that a certain limit is applied as a ratio or quantity. It is known that there is a proportional limit to borrowing in Turkey with the law No. 4749 enacted in 2002. The debt limit, which has been applied since then, serves as a anchor for fiscal discipline in the public sector. The study examines the evaluation of debt limit implementation between 2002 and 2019 and its relationship with some budget data. Treasury borrowing data and the budget data mentioned in the study were evaluated on charts. According to the evaluations, the debt limit application ensures that the Treasury will borrow by acting in fiscal discipline and considering the budget balances during periods when the tax revenues, which are the main basis of the budget, cannot be increased sufficiently. In addition to the debt limit, another application that provides fiscal discipline is the application of primary surplus, and the provision of primary surplus in the budget is considered to facilitate borrowing and net borrowing by staying within the limits of the debt limit. In summary, while the implementation of the debt limit ensures the steady continuation of public borrowing, it is evaluated that the budget balance and the application of primary surplus have an effect on the debt limit.

STEFAN ZWEİG’IN ÖYKÜLERİNDE KADIN İMGESİ: CİNSELLİĞE VE ÖTEKİLİĞE HAPSOL(UN)MUŞ BEDENLER

Author(s): Cihan Tuncer,Cihan Tuncer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

Women have been pushed into a position of otherness by the male, who has constructed himself as the dominant subject throughout history. In such a positioning, social gender has been a determining factor, designed by the patriarchal community. Gender, which is the cultural interpretation of sex or a construction of meaning built upon sex, is of an artificial and othering character. As such, gender turns into a phenomenon which scrutinizes females into spesific roles in society, hindering any possibility of their transcending such roles. Whereas the male is in the forefront as a transcendental subject, gender atrributes to the female such roles as a mother, sex mate or housewife. That problematic position of the female is also related to knowledge. As, since ancient times it has been the male mind which has produced knowledge in disciplines varying from Philosophy to Mythology, from History to Politics, it seems inevitable for the female to become the object of knowledge and be defined with her physical aspects. Ignored in terms of mental faculties, the female is labeled by the male as “sentimental, in pursuit of her passions, incapable of thinking and devoid of knowledge”, encoded in modern communities as a sexual mate, a body necessary for maintenance of the generation, turned into a sexual object/fetish through the image in media and consumerist society, and is imprisoned into itself as a sexual, spectacle, erotic object in visual arts. The patriarchal approach condemning the female into secondary/othered position judging her in sexual terms is also reflected in literature. With the interest of Feminism in literature in the 1960s, its main aim was to reveal how the female image is constructed and what type of female is created in fiction, and feminist literary criticism emerged. In this study, the female imagery in the selected short stories by Stefan Zweig, a famous author in German literature, is analysed through reader-centered feminist literary criticism.

Hungarian foreign policy and wars of the 1990s in former Yugoslavia

Author(s): József Juhász / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2019

Only limited attention has been paid in the international academic literature to Hungary’s foreign policy on the disintegration of and the wars in Yugoslavia — as Hungary did not play a crucial role in the wars—and the issue has not even been covered in the Hungarian literature in a comprehensive way. However, Hungary was also affected by the wars of the 1990s due to its geographical neighbourhood, the Hungarian minority living in Yugoslavia, and its NATO membership (since 1999). The present study aims to contribute to filling the literature gaps by providing an overview of Hungarian foreign policy toward Yugoslavia at that time, relying mainly on Hungarian sources. The study demonstrates the involvement of Hungary and summarises the activities of three Hungarian governments of the 1990s — the Antall government, the Horn government and the first Orbán government — in relation to the South Slavic wars and international peace missions, focusing on the most important events.

Istorijski revizionizam –upotreba istoriografije u (geo)političke svrhe

Author(s): Radenko Šćekić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2019

Consideration of historical events and personalities often differs from country to country. Historiography and media perception of history is mostly product of a particular social and ideological organization.Through the educational process and by control of media content induces the desired view of historical events and personalities. World wars are often subject to political revisionism.

Тврђава Оногошт

Author(s): Bojan Novaković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2019

By depicting timeline of the research on the Onogošt Fortress, the author offers a critical insight into the generally accepted thesis concerning both the construction of the fortress on the foundations of the Roman castra and the Gothic Anagastum. Neither archaeological findings nor the archival data support the thesis that the fortress and the settlement have continuously existed from the ancient period until nowadays.Reconstruction of development of the urban strongholds in XVII and XVIII century was done based on the available resources. The currently available,absolutely insufficient, data on research points to the fact that the visible ramparts of the fortress were constructed by the Turks. Whether the appearance of certain structures or of the entire fortress was determined by previously existing foundations, and how many layers thereof were there, if any, will be determined in the ensuing archaeological research.

Оproštaj od savjetnika za izradu prvog crnogorskog ustava – Stevana Ćurčića

Author(s): Ilija M. Mijušković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2019

The goal of this paper is to familiarise the public with the eulogy for the Belgrade-based journalist, publicist and jurist, as well as the main adviser during the preparation of the first constitution of the Principality of Montenegro, which was delivered by a retired minister of the Principality of Montenegro – Mirko M. Mijušković.

Комеморативна сједници одржана у Ректорату УЦГ поводом смрти академика Радоја Пајовића (5. јун 2019. год.)

Author(s): Danilo Nikolić,Radoslav Raspopović / Language(s): Slavic (Other) Issue: 1-2/2019