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L‘evolution des conceptions de la petite enfance (1945-2000)

Author(s): Gérard Neyrand / Language(s): French Issue: 22/2008

The study or the evolution of knowledge on infancy displays links with, on the one hand, the conceptions of parenthood and, on the other hand, the technical, social, political and ideological changes as well as the changing standards of moral behaviour. Since the Second World War, several abrupt changes, be it epistemological political or social have punctuated this evolution. The emergence of the theory of hospitalism and of emotional deprivation, due to the damage caused by placing babies deprived of their parents in special institutions, marks the appearance of psychoanalysis into paediatrics through paedopsychiatry. From now on, it will become impossible to ignore the importance of the affective dimension for the baby. But this importance creates an overestimation concerning the relation ship between mother and child, which is used to delegitimize collective child care as well as to marginalize the fathers. Il wasn't until the late 60s and the protest movements that this excessive maternal pre-eminence was gradually called into question and that collective child care and the presence of other chidren along with paternal competence was brought back into favour. The latter asserts itself, from the 80s onwards, through both clinicians' and development psychologists' publications. And this is precisely when artificial insemination brings aboud deep changes and leads us to question the problem of filiation again. At the end of this evolution, the picture of the child which is based on social research and popularised by the media is that of a totally fulfilled, successful child who is decisive and vulnerable. This picture questions our society as to conception of the person it underlies.

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Aspecte ale asistenţei şi protecţiei victimelor traficului de persoane în sistemul din România

Author(s): Adriana Ferdean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 22/2008

The National Agency against Trafficking in Persons set up through the Government Decision no. 1584 of December 8, 2005, republished, is a specialized body of the central public administration, with judicial status, under the coordination of the Ministry of Administration and Interior, through the re-organization of the National Office for Preventing Trafficking in Persons and Monitoring the Protection provided to its Victims within the General Inspectorate of the Romanian Police. The purpose of the Agency is to coordinate, evaluate and monitor, at the national level, the implementation of policies in the field of trafficking in persons by the public institutions, as well as those in the field of protection and assistance provided to its victims. The Agency cooperates with governmental and non-governmental organizations within the country and abroad, as well as with inter-governmental organizations with the view of raising the public awareness on the phenomenon and its consequences. There are 15 Regional Centers. Regional Centers against Trafficking in Persons are established in the counties in which the Courts function. Trafficking in human beings is a serious crime whose victims treated as commodities are sold and re-sold with a view to gaining profits. For some, it is a legitimate business which, more than often, is controlled by organized criminal groups, thus trying to earn huge profits from what they view as their merchandise but which in fact harms trafficked people’s health, well-fare and safety. Stages of the trafficking process are: recruitment, transportation, sale, confinement and exploitation, re-sale, escape, repatriation. Assistance for victims of human trafficking consists in: social assistance, psychological assistance, juridical assistance, medical assistance. Regional Centers (in cooperation with other local agencies) is insuring that victims are receiving according assistance. The essay includes a study which reflects the assistance of a victim who was sexually exploitation. Trafficking in human beings risk factors are divided into: macro social, micro social and individual. The dynamics of these factors is different depending on the case.

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Anonimat, confidenţialitate, negare - dileme profesionale în tratamentul dependenţei de alcool

Author(s): Claudia Varga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 22/2008

Challenged in treating alcoholism, professionals asked themselves how can they succeed in making the alcoholic honest, develop a right judgment and not repeat the addictive behavior. The hardest thing is to overcome the shame related to this disease, but once the alcoholic understands his/her condition and accepts alcoholism as a disease, the whole life changes. You will find in this presentation a short description of how the community of Alcoholics Anonymous understands anonymity and some simple principles by which they succeed in helping those who still suffer from this disease in breaking the denial. You will also find a description of the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual Minnesota model, a model of reference following those recovery principles, how is respected the anonymity and confidentiality applied in practice by St. Dimitrie Program.

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Etica asistentului social în relaţia cu vârstnicii aflaţi în dificultate

Author(s): Daniela Ţigmeanu,Erica Eugenia Keller / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 22/2008

It is well known that aging is the inevitable price that human being has to pay for the complexity. Along with aging, the vulnerability to illness is increasing, the diseases are more likely to be achieved, their evolution is more severe and longer, a disease might produce functional disturbances and even determine another disease to be developed. Therefore, the professional ethic of social assistants specialized in managing aged persons' problems is a key issue to figure out the moral problems of dependent elders, through a cognitive approach, in order to regulate on one hand the professional relationship of the social assistant referring the behavior standards of the relation with the assisted, specifically the dependent elder in difficulty, and on the other hand with the colleagues and other categories of involved specialists. For the common people, the ethics of the relationship between social assistant and the vulnerable aged person might be understood also as a philosophic view of the moral, of good and bad, of duty. Because of the vulnerability of this specific social group, the need for social assistance is more and more obvious among this social category, in comparison with other groups in difficulty. There are high expectancies that social workers to have a total commitment of their work on co-operation with the elder in difficulty, following their major interest, but simultaneously paying attention to the relationship with the whole implied persons.

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Scenarii ameliorative de integrare a copiilor cu cerinţe speciale în învăţământul de masă

Author(s): Adriana Ciubotaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

The picture of the people around us can be the subject of annalisis and study.The diversity of children from our school determined me to creat a project of curricula for those children. A presentation of my research made me concentrate in creating the conditions for those children to feel integrated.

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General și particular în formarea statelor naţionale balcanice

Author(s): Niculae Cristea,Maria CRISTEA- STOEA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

After World War I the main achievement of the general European process, within which the Great Union of 1918 is significant part, is related to the establishment of independent national states. Balkan National States underwent an extensive and lengthy achievement process for nearly 100 years, while nationalism was in the forefront of the sociological culture. In the nineteenth century, also called the century of nationalities, in the Balkans started a competition for the influence area and political primacy. In this context of the general struggle for liberation and national ideals achievement, the Romanian specificity has as its existential roots the forty-eighters ideals and political deeds achievement, when talking about Cuza’s election as a prince on the throne of the country in 1866, of the the Prussian Prince Carol of Hohenzollern- Sigmaringen as well as the completion of the unitary national state. From the great collective madness roar of the war, at the end of the world conflagration, most of the newly created Balkan states – the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, along with The Great Romania – have adopted constitutional monarchy regime, only Turkey chose the Republic of Mustafa Kemal.

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Principiul neutralitătii internetului, libertatea de expresie si dreptul de a fi informat

Author(s): Angela MÎŢĂ - BACIU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

Net Neutrality (also known as Network Neutrality or Internet neutrality) is all about creating a neutral internet. The term supports the view that Internet traffic should be treated equally. The term – Net Neutrality -- has not been popular till early 2000s when advocates of net neutrality and associated rules have raised concerns about the ability of broadband providers to use their last mile infrastructure to block Internet applications and content (e.g., websites, services, protocols), even blocking out competitors. The right to Internet access is closely linked to the right of freedom of speech which can be seen to encompass freedom of expression too. Two key facets of the Internet are highlighted: the content of the Internet and the infrastructure of the Internet. The infrastructure is necessary in order to deliver the service to the masses but requires extensive positive action. The content loaded onto the Internet however is seen as something that should be available to all, with few or no restrictions; limits on content have been viewed as the key breach of human rights, namely the right to freedom of speech that include the right to receive informations.

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Between the Transfer of Sovereignty and Democracy Deficit. European Council and The Council of The European Union

Author(s): Antonio Sandu / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2014

Throughout this paper we will refer through comparation to the two European institutions: the European Council and the Council of the European Union in terms of their originality in the European Union law system. We seek to identify similarities and differences between the two institutions, which derivates from their innovative character, thus formulating a series of reflections on their role in the functioning of the European Union. We will analyze the two institutions in terms of the idea of "democracy deficit".

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Viciile elevilor români

Author(s): Alin-Mihai PARIS,Elena-Gabriela PARIS / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

Factors that shape and develop problems, factors who maintain and keep it on problems. This lead to establishment of a plan of action, that will be implemented this year. For now we only have expected results. After implementation we hope to reduce the adverse.

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Ethical Perspectives on the Magistrate’s Independency Principle

Author(s): Cecilia Căbălău,Antonio Sandu / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2014

The term independent expresses a special form of autonomy, based on personal initiative freedom in the context of exercise capacity to make decisions.

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Proprietatea periodică – modalitate a dreptului de proprietate

Author(s): Cezar DIAC / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

The property itself has emerged with appearance of man and underpins the development of human society. In the speciality literature has been launched the idea of regular property as a way of legal ownership. The notion of periodic evoke the element of time, which leads us to the existence of a transitional properties problem.

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Imaginea adevărului în filosofia lui Friedrich Nietzsche

Author(s): Marius – Florin DUDAN / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

The main objective of this approach is to show that the problem of truth is a real one in the nietzschean philosophy and, to outline the general framework of the new image of truth suggested by Nietzsche. In this respect, I assumed that the views Nietzsche expresses as regards language respectively reason are essential. Language simplifies reality, captures the nonessential and it is always untimely; reason performs with “logical fictions”. Thus, the so-called truth is the expression of tampering with the reality. Assuming these, the problem of gnoseological truth must be rethought in other terms. Nietzsche builds the image of truth starting from hermeneutical foundations, the truth being an active process: the work of interpretation of the will to power. The dynamic of building the truth is therefore, expressed by a subtle movement in the space between literalness and metaphor.

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Evoluţia comparativă a parităţii euro-dolar american. Perspective

Author(s): Roxana-Elena Lazăr,Vlad-Nicolae Nedelcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

The place and role of the first two coins’ world economy - the dollar and the single European currency, their outlook, their fierce battle to conquer the dominant currency status, are the motivation for choosing this research topic. The issue of comparative evolution of the two currencies for the global economy, is in terms of their value and stability. Comparative evolution of the euro against the dollar expresses its sinuous evolution in the context of the initial decrease of the American economy and the growth of the EU economy, the economic crisis and the decrease of the euroland economies.

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Sustainable Employment and the Quality of Life

Author(s): Gabriela Carmen Neagu,Ioana STĂNESCU / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2014

The accumulation of human capital through the acquisition of knowledge and skills is recognized as central for economic development. More educated workers should have better employment opportunities, earn more, and have more stable and rewarding jobs. Education and employment are key not only to the strategies and the socio-economic measures that increase the living standards of the population, improve health, the family life, and reduce violence, but also to the strategies developed in order to overcome periods of crisis such as the one the world is facing today, as well as increase affordability and accessibility in education. This paper aims to identify what are the main actors that impact the relationship between education, the labor market, and the quality of life; how they impact upon this relationship; and what is the nature of this relationship.

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Ethics – A Compulsory Discipline in Pre-University Education in Romania

Author(s): Loredana Terec-Vlad,Alexandru Trifu / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2014

Along with the fall of the Communist regime, the emergence of democracy and the frequent changes regarding the law of education, the educational system in Romania has undergone many transformations, which were misinterpreted by the beneficiaries of the system. In this article I shall refer to the fact that students most often misinterpret education, considering that the system itself does not offer the guarantee of a better life or tomorrow’s safety. We shall also emphasize the fact that pre-university education schools in Romania require considerable change in terms of the students’ behaviour, and we propose the study of ethics starting with high school classes. This way, the students will be educated in the spirit of the ethical codes, which they will understand and commit to, both in order to promote civic behaviour as well as to understand the need for responsibility towards the society we live in.

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Coordonate ale politicii locale şi centrale de dezvoltare a terminalului litoralului românesc între 1878-1941

Author(s): Niculae Cristea,Gabriela TĂNASE / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

Dobrogea’s reintegration within the Romanian state after the War of Independence brought Romania important territorial, economic, politic, social and cultural benefits. The conditions created within Dobrogea area after 1878 urge Romanian authorities to carry out extensive works in construction, institutional development, projects that aimed at radical transformation of the area according to the rigors of Romanian state system. The legal framework to develop and organize tourism in Romania was created in the interwar period, by the foundation of National Tourism Office (NTO), as central body and of the "Association of balneal-climatic communes on Dobrogea coast of the Black Sea" established by royal decree. Romanian coast was of only 245 km in 1878. Its length would reach 400 km in the interwar period, from the Dniester estuary to Cape Ecrene. In 1913 about 55 km of coastline belonging to the South Dobrogea are added and in 1918 another 100 km, belonging to the southern Bessarabia. Great opportunities were presented to Romania that would transform it into a major tourist destination at that time. Investment policy in health and entertainment tourism focused on creating opportunities for tourism development, especially in the cities of Constanta, Techirghiol, Eforie, Mangalia, Mamaia and Balchik.

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Proba cu martori în reglementarea Noului Cod de Procedură Civilă

Author(s): Raluca-Oana Andone / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

The article treats with the witness proof regulation in the new Civil Procedure Code. Aspects regarding the testimony definition, the persons that cannot testify, the persons that are exempted from testifying and the rules of testimony admissibility, with a special accent on the witness proof of juridical acts, ending with the proving power of the testimony. The author underlines the subtle differences between the old and the new Civil procedure regulation.

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Abordări şi conceptualizări ale rasismului contemporan

Author(s): Simona RODAT / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

The present paper approaches the problematic of contemporary racism, which is further on a theme of major interest in human and social sciences. The focus is put on the present conceptualizations of racism in sociology and on theoretical approaches in this respect. Different meanings of ‘racism’ are delimited, from the narrow to extensive definitions, and the concepts of ‘cultural/ differential racism’ and ‘institutional racism’ are examined in-depth. The research questions deal with the relationship between the concepts of ‘race’ and ‘racism’, with the role of the processes of essentialization, reductionsm and absolutization in the racist thinking, as well as with the dilemma regarding the essence of the cultural racism: is it a different phenomenon, or another manifestation of the same ‘biological/ classical racism’? Furthermore, aspects about a change of the racism paradigm, which emerged along with the new conceptualization of the contemporary racism, namely ‘institutional racism’, are brought into discussion.

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Probleme privind formarea şi funcţionarea guvernului în România după 1989

Author(s): Ciprian Iftimoaei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

Government is one of the most important and distinct state institutions, the one who carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, exercising general management of the government. This important political institution is located closest to the citizens, both by central structures and by the local, administrative activity. The analysis of the government in the constitutional architecture of Postcommunist Romania will focus on legislative issues concerning the government’s formation and functioning, the "infra-executive" relationship (between the government and the presidency), conflictual aspects of postcommunist governments, and the impact of government’s size on the political related to the hystorical perioad after 1989. Also, the analysis will include the quantitative aspects of governance (government formulas, dimensions of post-revolutionary governments, the number of governmental portfolios, intergovernmental mobility). A major source of conflict within the executive is generated by the configuration mode and running a coalition government. As we shall see, political consensus is the exception rather than the rule in the functioning of the coalition government in Romania, and when done often rely on "compromises compromising". The size and stability of the government are two issues that are dealt with political science and closely related to the types of cabinets and coalitions. The size of the cabinet depends on many factors including the complexity of governance issues that need to be answered in terms of administration and public policy, and the number and share of parties making up the coalition. In Postcommunist Romania, partidocracy defeated democracy and poor governance has become commonplace rather than the exception.

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Geneza ideii statului de drept

Author(s): Cosmin-Octavian Ungureanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2014

Communication’s purpose is to picture out the way concept of the rule of law has developed throughout the history of juridical-historic thinking and what kind of theoretical development, including Romanian one, has been added in nowadays society, based on the observation of the human rights. Concurrently, there are sinthetically shown the political-juridic particular features of the rule of law, meant to express the core of the in question phenomenon.

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