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Franczyza w małych i średnich sklepach spożywczych działających w polsce

Author(s): Żaklina Jabłońska,Piotr Jabłoński / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The purpose of this article is to highlight the significance of the franchise as a form of financing and development of small and medium-sized grocery stores. The franchise agreement enables them to strengthen their position in the market. The paper presents the franchise networks operating in Poland and provides the research carried out in one of the chains of the grocery stores, which is going to introduce the franchise business model during its market development process. The article submits the benefits and risks of introducing non-traditional franchise model (based on the already existing network) as well as the differences between the traditional and non-traditional form. It is difficult to generalize the obtained conclusions because each network intending to enter non-traditional form of franchise requires a detailed case study of possible benefits. Despite that, the efforts to fit the model to the segment and the accompanying dynamic growth in the number of franchise systems indicates the scale of the problem and its significance in both theory and practice.

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Alternatywne podejście do analizy efektów biz w obszarze produktywności

Author(s): Anna Kozłowska,Agnieszka Szczepkowska-Flis / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The purpose of the study was to estimate the impact of FDI on the components of aggregate productivity change (innovation effect and selection effect) in the European Union. We assumed that FDI is a factor not only generating processes described by these effects (innovation, imitation, knowledge diffusion, market selection and reallocation), but also modifying environment in which they undergo. We propose a hypothesis: FDI strengthens innovation and selection effects in productivity, and the larger the FDI stock the weaker its influence on these effects. The results of econometric research conducted for 24 EU member countries in 2000-2012 confirmed our hypothesis.

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Rola integracji gospodarczej w kształtowaniu procesów rozwojowych – analiza w kontekście kreatywnej destrukcji

Author(s): Anna Kozłowska,Agnieszka Szczepkowska-Flis / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The aim of the study was to estimate the role of creation and destruction in shaping the development processes taking place in pre- and post-accession periods. The article presents the results of an econometric research conducted for 11 countries – the new EU members in the years 1996-2012. Our results revealed that integration was a catalyst for positive influence of creation and negative impact of destruction on development processes. While economic integration may be recognized as a factor generating development impetus through creating incentives to introduce, develop and diffuse innovations, it created impediments to proper work of selection for development processes.

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Rola bliskości geograficznej w pozyskiwaniu wiedzy. Badanie cytowań patentowych

Author(s): Małgorzata Wachowska / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The aim of this work is to show the role played by geographic proximity in knowledge acquisition by Polish entities from the area of science and industry. A study of citations included in patent descriptions of Polish entieties made it possible to formulate two main conclusions. In 2006-2011, geographic proximity played a greater role in knowledge acquisition by enterprises than by academic researchers, however, it does not seem to be crucial even for the enterprises. During the period under study, academic researchers cited domestic knowledge only in 20% of cases on avergage while enterprises in 43% of cases. Moreover, academic researchers based mainly on knowledge originating in North America while enterprises on knowledge originating in Europe.

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Konsumpcja gospodarstw domowych w polsce na tle wybranych krajów unii europejskiej

Author(s): Agnieszka Bretyn / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

Houshold consumption becomes an important factor for national economy and its growth and development. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to analyze the level and structure of houshold consumption in Poland in comparison to selected European Union countris in 2000-2013. For the purpose of the analysis the author used the data published by Central Statistical Office, Eurostat, UN, the Polish Financial Supervision Authority. A statistical analysis was performed using Excel and Statistica 10.0.

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Konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstw – wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Andrzej Kowalczuk / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The purpose of this article is to present some concepts of competitiveness at the microeconomic level and the analysis of the main factors, which have a significant impact on the competitiveness of modern enterprises. It is important to recognize and understand how different factors determine the competitiveness of enterprises.

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Analiza zależności wpływu wybranych zmiennych na poziom wynagrodzeń kadr zarządzających w bankach w wybranych krajach

Author(s): Mateusz Folwarski / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The purpose of this article is verification of variation of total annual salaries of senior management of a financial institution with selected measures characterizing the efficiency and safety of the bank. The largest financial institutions in the United States, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Poland were the subject of research. A simple regression model was used for the examination. The article shows a statistically significant low correlation between selected variables. In the researched group of institutions the lack of statistically significant dependencies, and sometimes the direction of this relationship, was often negative, which can lead to the confirmation of numerous opinions on the abstract level of remuneration of senior managers in banks.

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DEA jako metoda oceny niemedycznych determinant zdrowia

Author(s): Justyna Kujawska / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

Because of socio-economic determinants such as maintenance costs and the aging society healthcare systems must ensure the efficiency of their performance. The aim of this article is to present a model to measure and assess the impact of risk factors on health, using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The analysis was conducted for 34 OECD countries for the years 2000 and 2011, using the Slack-Based Measure model. As outcomes Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) and perceived health status, which is a new concept, were adopted. Tobacco consumption, nitrogen oxides emission and obese population were adopted as the risk factors. For the countries of low efficiency its causes and the directions of the changes that should ensure the full effectiveness were determined.

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Internal determinants of competitive advantage in polish and italian family businesses in the time of knowledge-based economy − comparative analysis

Author(s): Aleksandra Majda / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The paper presents a range of topics related to the strategic management in the context of family businesses in Poland and Italy during the era of the Knowledge-based Economy. By using a comparative analysis, the author tried to identify sources positively influencing the competition model both in Polish and Italian family enterprises. Factors chosen to the analysis refer only to internal variables, because of the significant differences in external business environment between Poland and Italy. The main purpose of the article is to identify and describe internal determinants influencing the possibility of competing model of family businesses in Poland and in Italy in new economic conditions. The paper consists three main parts. The first one concentrates on identifying factors affecting the model of competing of the family business in Poland. The second presents the same analysis concentrated on Italian family entrepreneurs. In the last part a comparative analysis of those factors is presented. This study also shows the differences in recognized factors depending on the geographical situation of family entrepreneurs. The results of conducted research outline part of similar outcomes, but the perception of most factors by representatives of Polish and Italian family businesses presents considerable differences. The highlighted divergences and the possibility to conduct in-depth studies can be treated as a sample of transferring of the good practices applied with the success in the Italian family business to Polish ones. This action can be a part of the system which main aim may be both supporting and helping in development of the Polish family businesses.

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Nowa formuła Respect Index

Author(s): Anna Krzysztofek / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

In the modern financial markets over the past years the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility has been of scientific significance and raised more and more interest among investors. Owing to that CSR is becoming almost a standard in stock exchange listed companies both in the foreign countries and in Poland. The purpose of the article is to present Respect Index which is an initiative of Stock Exchange in the process of implementing the principles of social responsibility on the Polish capital market. The paper discusses the new concept of the index, which was amended after VI editions since the introduction of the index. The thesis of the article is a statement that companies listed in Respect Index are not only perceived by the society in a positive way, but also raise the company value for shareholders.

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Współpraca jako element działalności przedsiębiorstw zlokalizowanych w klastrach (na przykładzie regionu świętokrzyskiego)

Author(s): Janusz Kot,Ewa Kraska / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

A characteristic feature of the functioning of the actors of the market economy under the conditions of globalization is the increase in the number and strength of economic ties between them. One of the most important forms of cooperation models enabling companies pursue common goals are economic clusters. The authors presenting in the article different concepts of clusters indicate that the most important element is cooperation. In the empirical part of this article, the results of research using the PAPI method, conducted by member companies of the Świętokrzyski cluster, are presented. This allowed achieving the fundamental objective of this research, which was to address the questions: do clusters themselves serve to stimulate internal cooperation among companies, and if so, to what extent?

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Ocena realizacji strategii finansowych wybranych giełdowych spółek mięsnych w latach 2005-2011

Author(s): Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The main aim of the article was to identity and assess the financial strategies of chosen stock meat enterprises in the aspect of their financing, liquidity and profitability strategies. In order to conduct the analysis there were chosen 450 official enterprises’ financial units from Monitory Polskie “B” in the period 2005-2011. The research showed that the differentation of implemented strategies (aggressive, moderate, conservative) in the area of financing, financial liquidity and profitability of conducted activity depended on the achieved financial liquidity level and profitability of own capital, which has an influence on business risk of analysed stock meat enterprises. The further subject analysis is worth a continuation.

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Rola zakorzenienia lokalnego w warunkach gospodarki globalnej

Author(s): Józef Łobocki / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

Global economy can be defined as the essence of the market. Globalization has resulted in a distinct division of companies into global and local ones. Firms operating in the local area and using what we call social capital achieve more gains than their economic potential might suggest. Such firms are often characterized as being locally embedded. Embeddedness means that economic decisions are not independent of the social context, and that networks are formed as a result of the interplay of economic relationships.. Some but highly essential portion of knowledge in networks is termed by scholars using various adjectives: tacit or silent or undefined knowledge.

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System regulacji rynku cukru w UE a funkcjonowanie oligopolu cukrowego w Polsce

Author(s): Piotr Szajner / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The analysis was aimed at an assessment of the activities of sugar industry in Poland. Sugar market in Poland as well as in the great majority of the EU member countries has an oligopolistic structure. The sector regulations based on production quotas define the condition of the oligopoly activities andmarket game. Sugar holdings can compete with each other in respect of the production volume to a very limited extent. At the same time any agreements (such as for instance a cartel) are forbidden by the law. Therefore there is more room for price competition (Bertrand model) or the competition in respect of total production costs.

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Znaczenie ekonomiczne zimowych igrzysk olimpijskich – implikacje dla Polski

Author(s): Artur Grabowski / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The organization of the Olympic Winter Games is associated with bearing costs of building communication and sports infrastructure. Since 1968, all the organizers have bore financial loss. Therefore, before submitting the application they must make a detailed financial analysis and take into account the need of maintaining all objects that have been established for this purpose.. Fulfilling only the official criteria of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is not a sufficient condition to obtain the right to host the games. Additionally there are the discretion of the IOC and the investment attractiveness of the city/region for producers of sports-events i.e. sponsors and television stations.

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Bezrobocie a emigracja ludności wiejskiej na przykładzie regionu pomorze i mazury

Author(s): Irena Augustyńska-Grzymek / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

Polish accession to the EU and the opening of new work markets caused the fall of unemployment in Poland. In 2005-2008, the unemployment rate decreased, but since 2009 this rate became significant again also on rural teritory. After the accession the number of rural residents going abroad for job was far greater than before. The aim of study is to present the reasons of emigration of rural residents of Pomorze and Mazury region, to show the scale of emigration and diversity of age of migrants. The study used research of the CSO and the IAFE- -NRI. The research has shown that unemployment contributed to the increase of emigration and emigration decreased the level of unemployment. In 2011, 123.5 thousand mostly young people of the rural population of Pomorze and Mazury region were permanently abroad.

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„Homo oeconomicus” jako podstawa ekonomii – krytyka i alternatywy

Author(s): Anna Horodecka / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The aim of the article is the critical evaluation of the concept of the man as the basis of the mainstream economy and to show possible, alternative directions of this concept transformations. The paper criticizes “homo oeconomicus” theory which focuses on methodological problems, inconsistency with the empirical knowledge on human functioning, omitting key elements in this human model which affect it and which adversely influence human behavior as an individual and group, as well as short-sightedness of this approach and inapplicability to current economic problems. Therefore there are among others alternative pictures of a human connected with the emergence of new economic directions, methodological changes and the extension of the range of research methods.

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Strukturalny wymiar kapitału społecznego w Polsce

Author(s): Agnieszka Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The article discusses the issues of structural capital in Poland, measured by the number of the organization and an indicator of the number of organizations per 10 thousand inhabitants at the regional and local level Based on Local Data Bank spatial disparities and the differences between city and rural areas in 2005-2012 were determined. Clear regional differences in terms of the activity of foundations and social organizations were found. In all voivodeships there was observed an increase in the number of foundations and associations per 10 thousand inhabitants, both in cities and in rural areas. In rural areas the increase was much greater but still the activity of the organizations was lower than in the cities.

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Wielowymiarowa analiza porównawcza rozwoju regionalnego Polski wschodniej i zachodniej

Author(s): Mirosława Marciniak,Grażyna Karmowska / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

The main goal of this paper is to study the economic and social effects coinciding at chosen border regions of Poland, in search of convergence and its influence on diversification at regional area development. The targets of the research were two macro regions: eastern region and western region In the research work there were use the methods of descriptive statistics, focus analysis, agglomeration method and classic conclusion methods. The services markets of both regions are close to country average. Agricultural sector is dominant in the eastern region, on the contrary to the western one, where industrial sector is dominant. The focus analysis of the subregions adherent to examined macro regions shows that the process of convergence of these regions, takes place between and inside them.

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Przedsiębiorczość w sektorach kreatywnych

Author(s): Magdalena Ratalewska / Language(s): Issue: 347/2014

Creative sectors are quite a new branch of economic life. This idea was created 20 years ago but only in the last years it has drawn authorities and administration attention in Europe and it has been considered as an important source of creation of national income. Clusters which create within creative sectors are the groups of artists, media and culture representatives, freelancers and businessmen joined by common business goals as well as determined values and way of life. Entrepreneurship within creative sectors clusters means an ability to right entities selection, their integration and coordination of their activities and relation to execute common initiatives which are the projects of introduction products, initiatives or ideas.

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