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The Use of Excluded Middle in the Theological Discourse

Author(s): Ana Petrache / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2011

This paper aims to expose the eventual advantages and the disadvantages of the excluded middle within the theological type of discourse according to the model of the intuitionist logic. The relinquishment of the law of the excluded middle (LEM) leads to the invalidity of the ontological argument in its various formalizations in the case of Saint Anselm because it is necessary the reduction to the absurd which becomes impossible once the LEM is rejected and in the Hartshorne, Godel and Platinga cases because S5 is requested, whilst the intuitionist logic can only be transposed in S4. By comparison, I will present some of the advantages and of the disadvantages of refuting the principle of the non-contradiction as it is depicted by the paraconsistent logic. Through this, I will also explain why theologians would be advantaged by a logic system which rejects the non-contradiction and that accepts the LEM.

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Intensional and extensional truth

Author(s): Ionel Narița / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2011

Using the Rudolph Carnap’s method of intension and extension, we can distinguish three categories of linguistic expressions: 1) names having a constant extension and a variable intension; 2) terms with a constant intension and a variable extension; 3) descriptions for which both intension and extension are constants. Propositions, at their turn, support two kinds of interpretations, intensional and extensional. The truth values of propositions depend on their reference as it follows: 1) the truth value of a proposition with an empty reference is given by its intensional interpretation; 2) if the reference of a proposition is not void, then the truth value of that proposition is extensionally determined. Starting from these results, some paradoxes, like “The present King of France” or Darapti, can be solved.

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Some remarks on "Remarks..." (Wittgenstein's Gödelian Argument)

Author(s): Virgil Drăghici / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2011

The purpose of this paper is to make a critical analyse of the Wittgenstein's argument regarding his rejection of the existence of a true but unprovable sentence in PA. The section 1 does make explicit the way in which Gödel's first incompleteness theorem is analogous to paradoxical constructions (Richard's paradox and the Liar), via Cantor's diagonalization (1.1), and a review of proofs of Gödel's theorems (1.2). It is argued that Wittgenstein's rejection of Gödel's results is essentially based on his finitism (constructivism) conjugated with the thesis that the meaning of an expression is given by its use in a calculus (2.1). The consequences of this stance are the identification of "true" with "proved" and the rejection of the existence of meta-mathematics. These are finally responsible for Wittgenstein's rejection, in § 8 of his Remarks..., of the existence of a true but not provable sentence in PA (2.2). In the section 3 we are looking for a sense in which a constructive notion of truth can be given. This is considered in terms of Turing computability, but whose consequence, concerning Gödel's sentence, is that the idea of constructive truth does not coincide with the idea of truth given computationally.

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THE ARGUMENT FOR DIALETHEISM FROM GODEL'S INCOMPLETENESS THEOREM

Author(s): Valentin Bura / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2011

Dialetheism is a relatively recent intellectual product, which owes most of its present shape to the work of Graham Priest. He is known as a strong believer in the existence of true contradictions. In this paper, we are concerned with the Argument for Dialetheism as given by Professor Priest in the third chapter of [1]. We closely outline and discuss the argument together with the possible objections identi_ed in the book. We analyse the author's commitments and the main points that make the deployment of Godel's result possible. Our main contribution is showing that the argument is fallacious, by analyzing the use of Godel's First Incompleteness Theorem, found in the book. The argument in the book fails to give a correct Interpretation to the conditions required for the Theorem to be legitimately applied. We show the correct line of reasoning and argue that Godel's result cannot be used in this context. We continue with criticizing the author's view that the informal Mathematical English used in proving Theorems of Mathematics could be formalized. We claim that the author is committed to a view of Mathematical Practice as automatizable, at least in principle. We use an Information-Theoretic argument as found in [5] to show that this view cannot be sustained.

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Recenzii

Author(s): Al. Cistelecan,Dumitru-Mircea Buda,Luminiţa Chiorean,Iulian Boldea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2011

Al. CISTELECAN, Mircea Martin, Dictiunea ideilor, Editura All, București, 2010 Iulian BOLDEA, Adrian Marino, Viața unui om singur, Editura Polirom, Iasi, 2010 Luminita CHIOREAN, Dorin N. Uritescu, Fascinația numelui. Studiu al creației lexico-semantice și stilistice, Editura S.A.I.S., București, 2009 Al. CISTELECAN, Andrei Terian, G. Călinescu. A cincea esență, Editura Cartea Românească, București, 2009 Iulian BOLDEA, Ion Vianu, Amor intellectualis, Editura Polirom, Iasi, 2010 Dumitru-Mircea BUDA, Monica Lovinescu, Cuvântul din cuvinte, București, Editura Humanitas, 2007

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Două jurnale din exil în lecturi contemporane

Author(s): Dumitru-Mircea Buda / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2011

The article describes some of the contemporary readings of two literary diaries written and published during exile by Romanian writers Monica Lovinescu and Virgil Ierunca, focusing on the most appealing features of these texts and their literary value. The author underlines the set of features that individualize these writings, arguing that, among other elements, there is an obvious process of morphing autobiography and factual history into fiction, as the writers’ subjectivity rules over wide portions of the texts.

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The Waves and the Self

Author(s): Cristina-Eliza Nicolae / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2011

The novel the present paper focuses on proves once again Virginia Woolf’s mastery of technical experimentation, her ability to play with the boundaries of the self, and to represent both the visible and the invisible world in the mind of the observers, the reader following the interior monologues of the six characters, the continuous rumination of their consciousness covering different periods of life.

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Adjectivul în presa contemporana românească

Author(s): Valerica Sporis / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2011

Within the stylistic „spectrum” of any language, the journalistic style represents the junction of the stylistic variations. Becoming heterogeneous, by means of treating various subjects regarding social, economic, political, scientific, or artistic manifestations, the journalistic style assumes the role of a stylistic „link”. Its vast range of topics – audio-visual, oral, or written – entails the great variety of manifestation forms. Through its up-to-date information, the openness for the assimilation of new notions, its concern with linguistic innovation, the journalistic style outstands due to mobility and accessibility. However, the reality expressed in various forms, objectively or subjectively, gains colour and shape due to the presence of adjectives, the means of expression being multiple and varied. Considering its rich semantic content, this lexical-grammatical class occurs in objective, scientific, technical texts, as well as in literary or journalistic ones. This wide range of uses is determined by the capacity of the adjective to render various features, characteristics, peculiarities of real or imaginary objects. Among the particular features of adjectives occurring in the journalistic style, the following ones are representative: the use of neologisms, of argotic and vulgar language, linguistic stereotypy, the use of the superlative, pre-positioning of adjectives (as themes), along with others, all of them tightly linked to the features of the current Romanian press language.

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Preoteasa fatală

Author(s): Al. Cistelecan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2011

The present article is concerned with the case of the first Romanian poetess, Maria Suciu-Bosco, and it approaches the rapport between feminine beauty and literary creation. It follows a trip in the lady poet’s biography and the critical bibliography. The final part deals with the analysis of her poems, underlining the suffering lyricism and strident sensuality, yet supressed. The essay sheds light upon the pioneering merits of the poetess.

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Vizualul și mărcile semantice aferente acestuia în opera lui Ion CreangăĂ

Author(s): Maria-Laura Rus / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2011

I. Creanga is not a descriptive writer, but one can notice a series of visual elements inside his literary work, elements that reveal semantic marks, such as [+meditation], [+nostalgia], [-lamentation] or [+detail]. The visual descriptive is especially marked by enumeration, which often sends to [+comfort]. Together with the auditory, the descriptive gives Creanga’s portraits remarkable features. We also notice the lack of the chromatic element in this writer’s work (that is the lack of significant meanings of colours).

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Azouz Begag : Revivre sa vie en la réécrivant

Author(s): Eugenia Enache / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2011

The two novels of Azouz Begag retrace the story of a writer of North-African origins and represent the starting point for explaining a personality in quest of its own literary and social identity. The autobiographical journey that Begag offers us in these novels means to him revisiting the social history of the group he belongs to, with its mentalities and customs and, at the same time, retracing the individual development since his birth under the sign of two cultures. To him, writing represents the instrument able to recover a certain indentity and its inner truth.

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Mimesisul și educația prin și pentru literatură

Author(s): Éva Monica Székely / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2011

Starting from comparative modern vs. postmodern philosophical traditions, this paper will explore issues surrounding educational mimesis as relationships between personal mimesis vs. significant mimesis, between texts – books and images in visual literacy in regard to theory and praxis. Perspectives are sought from those engaged in the fields of education, visual arts and literature, on issues related to the interconnections generated from intertextuality upon Jacques Derrida’s philosophy of deconstruction, between visual literacy and cultural identity.

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Transpersonal Psychology in Literary Studies

Author(s): Iustin Sfâriac / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2011

The paper examines the dead end reached by literary theory at the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century. A previously suggested solution, that of using Viktor Frankl's Existential Analysis, is expanded to include the rest of Transpersonal Psychology. The contribution of Ken Wilber to the field of Transpersonal Psychology is underlined due to its enormous unifying potential and wide range. It is seen as the best starting point for an integral literary theory.

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American Studies at ‘Petru Maior’ University

Author(s): Smaranda Ştefanovici / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2011

The article assesses the development of American Studies since the Romanian Revolution in December 1989 and the impact of American Studies on cultural development, civil society and democracy, with special focus on Romanian higher education. The account of American Studies in Romania and in my university will highlight some important values of American higher education which I experienced or researched as a NYU visiting scholar in 2009, and which made me wish to import to my Romanian university. Does the ocean divide or connect us? My experience has given me the conviction that the teaching of American Studies, as essential as it is in this age of globalization, must include the promotion of the educational values of American higher education, as well as the rich traditions of Romanian higher education.

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Despre traducerea în spatiul românesc din secolul al XX-lea

Author(s): Bianca Oana Han / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2011

The present paper intends to shed a well-deserved highlight upon a small number of the so-called „servants of two masters”, as the translators are often reffered to. They are but a few of the ones who endeavoured to transfer word and meaning from foreign languages into Romanian.translator, translation, foreign language, Romanian language, world literature

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Din terminologia cromatică: roz

Author(s): Silvia Pitiriciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2011

The article deals with the linguistic profile of the chromatic term roz which is important in order to understand the significances of the color and the way in which they have been conveyed in time. Many compounds have been created having the term roz as head, the second element of the compound designating an object, a plant or a chromatic nuance. The lexical family includes both derivatives made up of native words and Fench borrowings. The symbolism of the term is linked to the cult of the rose.

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Film and Identity – Ideological Representation in Lars Von Trier’s ‘Illustrations’

Author(s): Ramona-Gabriela Hosu / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2011

Lars von Trier’s trilogy The USA: Land of Opportunities, actually consisting of two films, Dogville and Manderlay, provide interesting representations of identity in relation to ‘individualism’, ‘communitarianism’ and power. The two ‘cultural (and) filmic discourses’ provide two similar stories/histories about early twentiethcentury America, in a unique and challenging form, i.e. a play put on stage and made into film, and yet not similar to TV dramas but rather in the style of Dogme 95 so as to construct meaning and image by means of narration, themes, symbols and sheer acting and less by means of some ‘consumer’ filming techniques. Despite the evident contextualization of the two films, i.e. two places in the USA in the early decades of the 2oth century, the references are not so much to ‘an American’/the Americans but they are rather universal and addressed to humanity in general. Moreover, the films surpass not only space boundaries but also go beyond temporal references providing an image of the crisis of the sense of the individual/community/nation so much valid in the cultural politics of today, generating a universal picture of the individual’s trials to integrate in a community/nation while de/re-constructing his/her identity ‘accordingly’.

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Le geste scriptural chez Henry Bauchau: entre la matière de l’intériorité et la matérialité des mots

Author(s): Corina Dâmbean Bozedean / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2011

Henry Bauchau’s literary experience is ontological before being an esthetic one. Conceived as an endeavor to reveal the psychological depths, the creation act represents for the Belgian writer a way of reaching the original matter where the substance of the being and of the world amalgamate. The scriptural gesture starts by drilling the sedimentary strata of the memory that incorporates images and rhythms originating from an individual and collective past. Pushed to the surface they require purification and selection before being transposed into the text area. The problem that emerges is that of the relation between the interior matter that imposes by its own energy both the form and the meaning, and the materiality of the words that also impose their own resistance. If, on one hand, the overflowing projection of interiority risks to disturb the logical relation between signifier and signified, the occultation of the pathos that generated the verbal matter equally risks to alter the works’ authenticity. The fair balance between the liberty of the verbal eruption and its embracing in stable forms is what Henry Bauchau envisages in his writings.

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Semantic Configuration of the Spatial Concept “Behind” in English

Author(s): Birgit Gösser,Ignasi Navarro i Ferrando / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2011

The paper shows the proposal of semantic structure for the English preposition behind, on the grounds of a semantic model based on three meaning dimensions of the spatial relationship, namely, topology, force-dynamics, and function. The proposal derives from data analysis on 1000 examples drawn from the BNC. The examples were analysed manually, and the senses were worked out taking different contextual parameters into account. The resultant semantic structure shows a core set of meanings and a peripheral set of extended meanings.

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Lexical Losses in Metaphorical Mirrors

Author(s): Paulette Dellios / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2011

This discussion explores philological arguments on the status of obsolete words in the English language, particularly during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The focus is not the substance of these debates but, rather, the style of language which was employed in these spirited disputes. It was a style in which the full range of the rhetorical repertoire was reflected in metaphorical mirrors.

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