LES ÉCHELLES SPATIO-TEMPORELLES DES PRATIQUES DE LA FRONTIÈRE. MOBILITÉS, MÉMOIRES, ET DÉVELOPPEMENT URBAIN DANS LE BANAT ROUMAIN (JIMBOLIA)

Author(s): Bianca Botea / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

I propose here to look at the transformations of a border landscape of a small town (Jimbolia, Romania), in a context of border opening after 1989 and industrial crisis. I focus my attention on the role of the border in the social configurations of the city, both at the level of the daily practices of its inhabitants (and tourists), and at the level of the urban renewal. I also examine the extensible social spaces that are created around the use and crossing of this border and I show the time-space scales of these territories of circulation. I show that they mobilize networks of kinship, language and more broadly ethnic, as well as the memory processes. The text opens up to methodological and epistemological aspects concerning the “multi-site ethnography” of borders.

ENTRE BONS USAGES ET NOUVEAUX VOISINAGES. PATRIMOINE(S) ET FRONTIÈRE(S) DANS LA RÉGION DE STRANDZHA (BULGARIE)

Author(s): Olivier Givre / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

Focusing on the Bulgarian side, the article addresses the post-socialist heritage dynamics which value the border dimension of the Strandzha area, shared between Bulgaria and Turkey since 1913. Strandzha’s location at the south-eastern edges of Bulgaria, and on the delineation of the former iron curtain, has shaped the idea of an isolate, but also a natural and cultural “conservatory”, to be protected from external harms. The image of Strandzha oscillates between the two poles of a shelter-territory and a movement place, a space of autochthony and anchorage. The border symbolizes thus a spatial and cultural rip, calling for the reassertion of the “qualities” of a marginalized space. The article scrutinizes the building of a “sense of heritage” in this border area, laying on the ambivalent feelings of the loss of its geographical and cultural unity, and of its preserved authenticity against all odds. This heritage dimension resonates with the assessment of an uninterrupted decline, delayed by the state interventionism during the socialist period, but worsened by the post-socialist upheavals and posing sharp interrogations about its future.

The Popular Preachers and Storytellers (Quṣṣāṣ) – The Earliest Historians, Exegetes, and Legal Specialists in Islam

Author(s): Pavel Pavlovich / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Popular preachers and storytellers (quṣṣāṣ; sg. qāṣṣ) appeared towards the middle of the first/seventh century and quickly became the earliest informal historians and exegetes in Islam. Before long, the Umayyad caliphs recognized the political impact of their sermons and institutionalized preaching and storytelling (qaṣaṣ) as a state office. Notwithstanding this fact, informal qaṣaṣ did not vanish altogether, sometimes giving voice to pious discontent with the ruling dynasty. In the present study, I demonstrate that during the Marwānid period qaṣaṣ was combined with judgeship and other official positions. A comparison with documentary sources suggests that during the same period the term qāḍī (judge) was not yet used, and it may have been retroactively grafted onto the Umayyad past by early ʿAbbāsid historical literature. Literary sources also imply the existence of regional hierarchies of quṣṣāṣ. During the second/eighth century, qaṣaṣ lost its significance to the professional collection and transmission of traditions (ḥadīth) for the needs of Islamic jurisprudence and exegesis. Ḥadīth transmitters and critics eventually came to dismiss the quṣṣāṣ with contempt and derision.

Приносите в новата монография за българите в Турция

Author(s): Kalina Peeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

Научна конференция на тема „Фактори на икономическия растеж в историческа перспектива“

Author(s): Ivan Roussev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

Советская ментальность: маркеры социально исторической идентичности

Author(s): V. A. Somov,Elena S. Volkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 41/2022

Modern historiography of Soviet society is at the stage of forming an impartial assessment of its place in the history of Russian civilization. The most famous articles on the history of the USSR are often a documented expression of the author’s research position, which does not always strive for impartiality. Such studies evoke the feeling of an ongoing “civil war” — now on the “fronts” of science and journalism. Moreover, a number of authors concentrate on studying, mainly, the negative features of the “Soviet project”, transferring these characteristics to the entire Soviet society. Following in line with the noumenal approach to the study of Soviet society, the authors call on the scientific community to move from a detailed factual description of the Soviet era to identifying its basic characteristics, while abandoning politicized assessments. The purpose of the study is to determine the main components of the Soviet mentality based on an analysis of its key manifestations in different periods of the history of the Soviet state. To achieve this goal, markers of the socio-historical identity of the Soviet person are introduced, such as “revolution”, “idea”, “atheism”, “war”, “doublethink”, etc. It was established that the set of mental characteristics was not constant, they were updated in depending on the specific historical situation. The noumenal characteristics of a Soviet person were historically formed as a result of the dialectical interaction of the ideal type of a “non-party Bolshevik” — a socially oriented collectivist with a heightened sense of duty and his antipode — the notorious “Sovok” — an irresponsible careerist and social opportunist. In conclusion, it is noted, that the Soviet mentality can be defined more as a vector of promising targeted development than as a stable socio-psychological type.

Kore’nin Kültürel Mirası “Pansori ’ye Genel Bir Bakış

Author(s): Hatice Köroğlu Türközü / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 114/2023

Pansori (판소리), one of the important products of Korean Culture, is the exhibition of a story accompanied by song and music in public places. There are three elements in Pansori performance as singer/narrator, drummer and audience. The singer/narrator is central to the Pansori performance with his narration and body language, while the drummer plays a complementary role in the performance by providing rhythm and singing encouraging words to add excitement to the performance. What makes the Pansori interesting is that the audience also takes part in this performance. During the performance of the artists, the audience occasionally cheers to express their support and appreciation for the artists. Pansori, one of the cultural elements of Korea, is included in the Intangible Cultural Heritage list of UNESCO under the title of “Oral Traditions and Expressions”. Pansori was registered as Korean intangible cultural heritage number five in 1964 and was designated as world cultural heritage by UNESCO in November 2003. Although twelve of classical Pansori works are mentioned in Korean Culture, only five of them have reached today. It is possible to examine Pansori in the fields of music, theater and literature when we consider the elements such as music, fiction/story, audience and the audience accompanying the performers in the content of Pansori. Pansori started anonymously and continued by professional artists. In this study, besides looking at the place of Pansori, the Cultural Heritage of Korea, in Korean culture, its emergence, development and current situation are briefly mentioned. The aim of the study is to introduce an important Korea’s cultural heritage in Turkey, to reveal its importance in Korean culture and set the basis for future comparative studies. Keywords: pansori, sorikkun, Korean cultural heritage, Korean literature, Korean theather Pansori (판소리), one of the important products of Korean Culture, is the exhibition of a story accompanied by song and music in public places. There are three elements in Pansori performance as singer/narrator, drummer and audience. The singer/narrator is central to the Pansori performance with his narration and body language, while the drummer plays a complementary role in the performance by providing rhythm and singing encouraging words to add excitement to the performance. What makes the Pansori interesting is that the audience also takes part in this performance. During the performance of the artists, the audience occasionally cheers to express their support and appreciation for the artists. Pansori, one of the cultural elements of Korea, is included in the Intangible Cultural Heritage list of UNESCO under the title of “Oral Traditions and Expressions”. Pansori was registered as Korean intangible cultural heritage number five in 1964 and was designated as world cultural heritage by UNESCO in November 2003. Although twelve of classical Pansori works are mentioned in Korean Culture, only five of them have reached today. It is possible to examine Pansori in the fields of music, theater and literature when we consider the elements such as music, fiction/story, audience and the audience accompanying the performers in the content of Pansori. Pansori started anonymously and continued by professional artists. In this study, besides looking at the place of Pansori, the Cultural Heritage of Korea, in Korean culture, its emergence, development and current situation are briefly mentioned. The aim of the study is to introduce an important Korea’s cultural heritage in Turkey, to reveal its importance in Korean culture and set the basis for future comparative studies.

THE KURDS

Author(s): Ciprian Vasile Rus / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 24/2021

The text presents some references to the Kurds. In the first chapter are presented characteristics of the Kurds as they were caught by the travelers of the centuries XIX and XX. The second chapter presents, in short, the history of the provisions concerning the Kurds in the Treaties of Sevres and Lausanne. Chapter three presents some important aspects of the Kurdish struggle for national identity, including in the form of asymmetric violence. Chapter four presents some conclusions of the research.

Българите в Бесарабия през 40-те години на XX век – екзогенни фактори на демографския процес. Раждаемост и смъртност

Author(s): Alexander I. Ganchev,Alexander A. Prigarin / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The following article highlights the most important endogenous aspects of population reproduction in crisis circumstances, based on demographic data on the Bessarabian Bulgarians in the 1940s. During this decade, the territory of Bessarabia sporadically fell within the borders of both Romania and the USSR, which led to the collapse of the traditional social institutions and practices among the Bulgarians living there. Led by the numerous political changes, demographic birth and death rates within a group are affected by these exogenous factors, while reflecting actual societal alterations. As a basis for the study, information extracted from the current reports of the village councils was used, or in other words – the so-called population registers. The results of the data processing are presented in a diachronic comparative perspective regarding the history of the Bulgarian communities in Bessarabia. This approach allows for analytic clarifications of the scale and nature of the famine in 1946-1947. The average daily mortality rate was found to be 18.3. In general, the specificity of the demographic transition of the Bulgarian group from a traditional to a modern model of reproduction stands out. The role of exogenous causes in the final phase of this transition has been also revealed. Birth rates were reported to be gradually decreasing while mortality rates were increasing. The consequences of this transformation were visible in the next generation in the 1960s.

Ролята на интернет в дейността на българските организации в Урал и Сибир

Author(s): Marina Petrovna Klyaus,Julia Popcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

Bulgarians settled in the territories of the Urals and Siberia within several waves of migration mainly in the 20th century and individually in the 21st century. They live scattered over this large territory but nevertheless manage to get together in various organizations. The article identifies the main territories inhabited by individuals with a Bulgarian identity, as well as the ways of virtual communication between them. The different models of online communication and representation of the Bulgarian organizations in the two regions, their influence on the maintenance of community life and the development of their socio-cultural activities are explored. Additional focus is placed on the role of the Internet in creating and preserving the collective memory of life in the Komi Republic and in uniting former workers and students in virtual communities. The study was conducted in the period 2019-2022 with an emphasis on the social networks Facebook and VKontakte and on-site among organizations in the cities of Tyumen, Syktyvkar, Usogorsk and Blagoevo.

От Молдовския Кортен до Алтай и обратно в Тарутино, Украйна. „Голямата“ тема за съветските депортации в „малките“ истории на българите от Бесарабия. Част 2

Author(s): Galin Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The first part of this research, published in the previous issue 3/2022 of the journal “BulgarianEthnology”, touched on the historiographical, theoretical-methodological and terminological aspects of the present study, dedicated to an increasingly discussed and developed topic in the post-Soviet space. This is the subject of the collective memory which covers the turbulent decades of the 1940s and 1950s., as well as the ongoing processes of collectivization of the property, the inherent repressions, the so-called dispossessing (dekulakization) and the deportation of whole families within the USSR, tearing them away from their places of birth,forcing them to settle down for a long time in the remote and vaguely known northern parts ofthe vast country. Hundreds of thousands of people were forcibly removed and coerced to live inisolation, to work and carry out the orders of the Stalinist regime until the very death of JosephStalin in 1953, in the extremely harsh climatically and poorly developed territories such asCentral Asia, Kazakhstan, the Urals, Altai and Siberia. Rehabilitated after that year, they wereallowed to return to their native lands, but a large number did not manage to restore their homesand property, while some could not settle closer than 40 km to the settlements they lived in priorto the deportation. Similar cases are not a rarity for the region of Bessarabia, which was brieflyunder Soviet rule in 1941 and from 1944 until 1991. As it is known, one of the largest and oldestBulgarian historical communities is located in this area, which after the collapse of the SovietUnion fell within the borders of the modern states of Ukraine and Moldova.The subject of the present study is precisely such a “small” case of dispossessed anddeported as a result of the so-called operation South Bulgarian families from the villageof Korten (or Kiryutnya) in the then Moldavian SSR, who for nearly a decade (from 1949roughly to 1959) resided in several settlements of the Bistroistotsky and Biysky districts ofthe Altai Krai, Russia. Since some of these 80 families were not allowed to return to theirnative Korten, they chose to settle in the town of Tarutino and in some of the surrounding settlements such as Podgornoe, Berezino, etc., located nowadays on Ukrainian territory, in the region of Odesa.

ქართველიქალისსამოსიქრისტოფოროდეკასტელისალბომიდან – მხატვრისფანტაზიათურეალობა

Author(s): Irina Ugrekhelidze,Nona Kartsidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 1/2022

The lack of material monuments of Georgian clothing prior to the XVIII cen-tury poses a significant challenge to presenting a comprehensive picture of Geor-gian costume history and comprehending the process of its development. Foreign sources from various epochs contain useful information for resolving this issue. Among them are the works of Don Cristoforo de Castelli, an Italian Theatine mis-sionary and pastor, who worked in our country in the XVII century. The goal of the present research is to determine if the seventeenth-century Georgian clothing (women’s costumes) and headgears depicted in Cristoforo de Castelli’s work con-form to reality or are merely the artist’s fantasy, what shall be done by analyzing the clothing and comparing to the relevant Georgian and foreign pictorial sources. The research is based on approved art history methods. An in-depth exami-nation of Castelli’s sketches and paintings reveals that the majority of the clothes depicted in the album have a counterpart in Georgian painting (monumental and miniature) and written monuments. Only few of them seem to be distinct, and their use is not confirmed by Georgian sources. In this regard, we should particu-larly note the entire gallery of headgears depicted in the albums, the majority of which are completely alien to Georgian tradition and have analogues only in por-traits of Muslim queens - that is explained by the influence of the Court etiquette and fashion of the eastern super-states. The research confirmed that the various clothing and headgear depicted in Castelli’s album are not a figment of the artist’s imagination, but documentary material created over time by an eyewitness-ob-server, and they reflect, like a mirror, the reality in which the author himself was an accomplice. As a result, his work is still relevant today and is one of the most reliable and important sources for the history and establishment of the process of evolution of Georgian costume.

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: DRIVERS, FACTORS AND MEGATRENDS

Author(s): Maria Cristina Chintescu / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2023

This piece of writing focuses on the theme of Chinese America as a part of the Greater Chinese Diaspora. The international migration among Chinese is centuries old: long before European colonists invaded the Asian continent, the Chinese had moved by see or land, either seasonally or permanently, to earn a living and to support their families. Amy Tan offers a historical view of Chinese emigration as a basis for understanding Chinese immigration to the United States. Diaspora is reflected in an old saying: “There are Chinese people wherever the ocean waves touch”. Migrant networks interact with structural factors: colonization, decolonization, nation-state building and changes in political regimes. The Chinese emigration maps implications for both countries of origin and both countries of destination. The main factor is the historical factor. There are distinct streams of emigration from China and remigration from the Chinese Diaspora after World War II. Local and global economies, diasporic communities, and migration networks interact with origins as well as shape the direction and nature of international migration.

Oživené osudy žien z Ravensbrücku

Author(s): Monika Vrzgulová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

In her monograph "Zpřetrhané životy: Československé ženy v nacistickém koncentračním táboře Ravensbrück v letech 1939–1945" [Broken Lives: Czechoslovak Women in the Nazi Concentration Camp of Ravensbrück, 1939–1945], Pavla Plachá focuses on the fate of women imprisoned in this camp who were citizens of the Czechoslovak Republic before 1 October 1938. This framework allows her to comprehensively and at the same time diversely examine women from diverse ethnic, social, cultural and territorial backgrounds: from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, from the Czech borderlands occupied by the Germans after the Munich dictatorship, from the wartime Slovak Republic, and from the areas rewarded to Hungary after the First Vienna Arbitration. In the first part, Plachá traces the transformations of memorial culture in relation to Ravensbrück in different periods of post-war Czechoslovakia – which was selectively shaped according to the interests of the communist regime – focusing her research on the then overlooked groups of imprisoned women. In the second part, she presents the history of the Ravensbrück camp and various aspects of the status and camp life of the imprisoned women, not avoiding sensitive topics such as sexualized violence, homosexual relations and prostitution, pregnancy and abortion, and the violence and conflicts in the immediate aftermath of liberation. In the central third part, she categorizes and systematically examines Czechoslovak women in Ravensbrück, separately singling out groups of political convicts, the “anti-social and criminal”, Jews, Roma and Sinti, and Jehovah’s Witnesses. She enriches the collective analysis with dense biographies of selected women prisoners. The reviewer evaluates the monograph asa significant “Czechoslovak” contribution to international research on the history of the Ravensbrück concentration camp, cultures of memory of the Second World War and the Holocaust, as well as gender studies.

„Нашият питомец спечели от Тото-2“. Из живота в Дом № 8 за деца и юноши с душевни недъзи в София

Author(s): Georgi Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article examines the essence of (and life in) Home No. 8 for children and adolescents with mental disabilities in Sofia until the beginning of the 1960s. For this purpose, a microhistorical approach is used, based mainly on the documents from the archive of the home. Through a rare case of a pet who won the Toto 2, the daily life of the home for disabled children, the living conditions, the upbringing and education of the adolescents, and their participation in work activities and organized intertainment is presented. The question is raised about the reticenceof this type of institution in the period of socialism and the possibilities and ways of contact between them and the outside world.

Оздравителният детски лагер в България в периода на социализма

Author(s): Radina Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The child health care system during the Socialist period is the subject of a number of recent in-depth studies by Bulgarian historians, sociologists and anthropologists. Based on extensive research and knowledge of the variety of children/student/pioneer camps during the second half of the 20th century, this article aims to draw attention to the health camp. Situated as an organisation and normative basis between “public health care” and “communist education”, the convalescent camp with its history and functions reveals unexplored ethnological fields related to the individual–society–Totalitarian State relationship. The systematized and analyzed archival documentation provides grounds to look for parallels, both between the different political regimes in Bulgaria and in the value-normative order.

Създаване и функциониране на първата институция за грижи за възрастни хора в Албания

Author(s): Inxhi Brisku / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article analyses the efforts for establishing and operating the first elders’ care institutionsin Albania during the monarchical regime of Ahmet Zogu and the fascist occupation. Based on archival documents, a detailed description is given of the Albanian authorities' efforts to found a care institution for the elderly, of the taxes collected for this purpose, of the negotiations between the central and the local institutions during the process, of the justifications encouraging the payments of those taxes made by the state representatives. In addition, a comparative analysis is offered of the main dimensions of social care with the social care conceptualized and provided by the Albanian state. The concept of social care is broader than that only for the elderly, but in this article, only social care for the elderly is considered. The basic concept of the Albanian state is that the main provider of elders’ social care is the family. Only a few individuals, who do not have families or stable incomes, should be taken care of by the state institutions and their care would be paid through special taxes.

Гръцката консулска мрежа в българските земи преди Освобождението

Author(s): Yura Konstantinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The aim of the proposed study is to trace the creation and the development of the Greek consular network in Bulgaria in the second half of the19th century. The topic has not been the subject of scientific research so far, but is important for understanding the unequal positions with which the Balkan states enter the period of their independent existence. The study of the Greek consular network on the Balkans also makes it possible to outline the priorities in Athens' foreign policy, as well as to trace the importance it assigns to its compatriots left outside the borders of the free Greek state. Last but not least, it is of interest to Greece to fight to preserve the privileged status it enjoys under the regime of capitulations. However, this effort creates serious problems in Greece's bilateral relations with the Ottoman Empire and with Bulgaria in post-liberation period.

Изграждане на мрежата от български търговски агентства в Османската империя в края на XIX век – предизвикателства, проблеми, решения

Author(s): Angel Zlatkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article examines the challenges in the construction of the network of Bulgarian trade agencies in the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 19th century. Although they officially have consular functions, the Bulgarian representations are an important part of Prime Minister Dr. Konstantin Stoilov’s strategy for solving the Bulgarian national question and the accession of Macedonia to the Principality of Bulgaria. Their task is to counteract the development of foreign propaganda in European Turkey and to become a coordination and management center of Bulgarian legal and illegal organizations. Therefore, the Bulgarian trade agents encountered opposition not only from the Ottoman authorities, but also from the consuls of the neighboring Balkan states and Russia – contenders for the distribution of the Ottoman heritage in the Balkans. The author uses the rich archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Denominations in Sofia to show the solutions of the Prime Minister to the main problems and to analyze the result of their implementation.

В НОВИТЕ БРОЕВЕ НА СПИСАНИЯТА НА ,,АЗ-БУКИ“ ЧЕТЕТЕ

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023