We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

A Folkloristic and Anthropological Approach to the Study of Ritual and Performance in India: Cases of Daiva-nyama (Bhoota-kolam) and Yakshagana

Author(s): Svetlana Ryzhakova / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2018

The article deals with the relevance of both anthropological and folkloristic methods as “action-based” and “text-based” approaches in the study of two regional traditions in Coastal Karnataka, India – the theatrical tradition yakshagana and the ritual-performance daiva-nyama or kolam, bhoota-kolam. Both are living, orally-transmitted traditions. They are interconnected to religious culture in different ways (temple festivals, spirit worship, possession, impersonation) and both provide “mirrors” of the local social set-up. Both are based on epic traditions—pan-Indian in case of yakshagana and local in case of kolam. The paper is based on the fieldwork conducted by the author in the time period from 2013 to 2015. It addresses the distinction between these different research methods and the need to combine them when applied to this complicated reality. The author discusses some of the social and cultural aspects of yakshagana and kolam analysis, including their origin, classification and stratification. She offers a cultural interpretation of repertoire and action, describes some of the social characteristics oftroupes and of the performance context, explores their interconnection, and enquires into their social functions. The related problems of sponsorship, patronage, and gender are also described. The author argues that yakshagana and kolam appear to be an “intermediary” cultural phenomenon that connects the area’s pan-Indian heritage with local performing practices. This performance tradition is also expressive of local musical, literary, poetic, theatrical and expressive knowledge. As a drama, yakshagana is based on a written text (prasanga) and many orally transmitted elements. Kolam is enacted according to strong ritualistic vernacular plot lines and is particular to a certain place and deity. Apart from re-enacting the story, kolam appears as a peculiar social expression of joint concerns, an institution for inter-caste communication, mantic practices, etc., with a strong aesthetic overderlay. However, both enjoy certain spontaneity and both are pregnant with unpredictable turns. Both serve as an instrument of socialization, as a form of preserving and enactment of local historical memory, as a way to overcome difficulties, etc. Being cultural tools with multiple purposes, both yakshagana and kolam need to be studies from a range of different angles and perspective.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Съгласително писмо на мутафчийския еснаф в Търново от 6 ноември 1872 година

Author(s): Svetla Atanasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The consent letter of Goat’s Hair Processing Guild in Tarnovo dated back in November 6, 1872 is a contract (agreement) between the members of the governing body, attached with their signatures, seals and fingerprints for compliance with certain clauses, as an integral part of the statute (law) and the rules of the corporate organization. The analysis of the preserved manuscript texts in Bulgarian answers a number of questions related to the social status and property status of the representatives of the guild of Goat’s hair processing, the level of education and literacy, the membership and the participation of master craftsmen from nearby settlements in the association. In a comparative analysis with other documents from an earlier and/or later historical period, a repetition of the names of some of the Tarnovo craft’s men (mutafchii) – participants in the board of directors, is noticeable. They are represented in various incarnations as benefactors, wealthy merchants or members of the municipal council. The graphic prints of the personal and official seals on the document, their technical parameters and artistic analysis cast new light on the biographies of their holders before 1872.The collected historical information about the activities of the goat’s-hair rugs makers’ guild in Tarnovo in 1872 – extracted from the document, is systematized and analyzed in separate annexes. These include facsimiles, a list of members of the governing body and a catalogue of the official and personal seals.

More...

Download

MIXED COUPLES, BILINGUAL CHILDREN – BILINGUALISM IN THE FAMILY, IDENTITY AND CULTURAL ISSUES

Author(s): Simona GRIGORAȘ / Language(s): French Issue: 32/2023

Bilingualism is still at the heart of the debates; we define several types (early, simultaneous, consecutive, late, compound, additive, neutral, subtractive) and we begin to agree that a perfect mastery of both languages is not possible. The bilingual child or adult benefits from these advantages, but he must also overcome the disadvantages of his status. The family has an important role in the transmission of a language; it is necessary the will of the parents, especially the mothers, and rules inside the house for the use of the codes are needed. The parents use real language strategies. Bilingualism has consequences on the identity and cultural level, because words are linked to our intimate existence and our personal history. At the social level, the principle “one language, one people” has not always imposed itself; today there are still differences between the different linguistic communities that coexist, because language is not only a tool of communication, but also a vision of the world, an image of oneself, an object to be defended. Despite the language policies of the European Commission, national education systems are less prepared for linguistic diversity. In a still standardizing society, bicultural identity seems to have become a reality that should be accepted as enriching, without attaching negative representations to it.

More...

Download

FUNERAL CUSTOMS AND BELIEFS IN THE TRADITIONAL ROMANIAN VILLAGE. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LANDMARKS

Author(s): Viorica Pîrvan (Soavă) / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

In man's attempt to decipher the mystery of death he wanted to understand the meaning of life. Life and death are connected, if life is the beginning of the line, death is its end. But the line is the same, the beginning and the end are part of the same process. Death is and remains an incomprehensible, undeciphered phenomenon, a great mystery, a great secret that only leaves room for the imaginary. If we can understand man's attitude towards death, we understand his attitude towards life. For the traditional man, who is himself a religious man, death is not just an end, but a life within another life. Death is even represented as a path to true life. He prepares for the great journey from his lifetime and makes sure that he lives in a faith-based way to secure a good place for himself in the next world. Thus, death is not seen as final or meaningless, but on the contrary, it brings with it a rebirth to another level of existence. The three great thresholds in every man's life are birth, marriage and death. Of these three great thresholds, the last threshold is of special importance because it, more than the others, brings to light all the beliefs, feelings and thoughts of man.

More...

Download

Adolf Eichmann – vykonavatel rozkazů?

Author(s): Milan Mašát / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2023

The book "Adolf Eichmann – architekt holocaustu: Zločiny, dopadení a proces, který změnil dějiny" [Adolf Eichmann – Architect of the Holocaust: Crimes, Capture and the Trial that Changed History] by the acclaimed non-fiction author Roman Cílek is intended for a wider audience with an interest in twentieth-century history, but this, the reviewer argues, does not diminish its scholarly integrity. Although it is not based on original research of previously unstudied archival sources, the reviewer believes that Cílek’s book deserves attention for its engaging presentation, the appropriate and impressive use of various types of documents and its clear, but not declarative, ethical message. By depicting the career of Adolf Eichmann (1906–1962), Cílek zooms in on the genesis and implementation of the Nazi idea of exterminating the entire Jewish people. Central to the book are the chapters devoted to Eichmann’s trial in Jerusalem in 1961, in which the author critically examines the failure of Czechoslovak diplomacy to provide the prosecution with evidence of Eichmann’s decisive role in the murder of the children of Lidice.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

BETWEEN SAVAGERY AND CIVILISATION: CEVDET PASHA’S INSPECTORSHIP IN İŞKODRA (TODAY SHKODËR)

Author(s): Doğukan Oruç / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

In 1861, the Sublime Porte decided to appoint Cevdet Pasha, a prominent figure of the Ottoman bureaucracy in the second half of the 19th century, to İşkodra as an inspector with exceptional administrational powers. The main reason behind this decision was unrest in the city caused by a deteriorating relationship between the people and Çerkez Abdi Pasha, the mutasarrıf of İşkodra at that time. The Montenegro issue played a substantial role in the deterioration of this relationship. Cevdet served as an inspector in İşkodra for more than a month, on returning to the capital, he wrote a detailed report about the region: Tezkire No. 18. This study examines the history of İşkodra and northern Albania in the 18th and 19th centuries in order to clarify the situation in the region during Cevdet’s inspectorship. It then critically evaluates the activities undertaken by Cevdet during his mission, using historical data obtained from various sources. One of the main points of the study is demonstrating that the change in the self-image of the Ottoman central bureaucrats after the Tanzimat led them to a different understanding of the concept of civilisation. As a result of this there was consequently a dramatic change in their view of the peripheral provinces of the Empire, such as northern Albania. Through the inclusion of his considerations of an Ottoman peripheral region with frequent references to the concepts of civilisation and savagery, Cevdet’s report reflects the semantic dynamism of these concepts for a 19th century Ottoman bureaucrat.

More...

Download

KRONIKË SHKENCORE E AKTIVITETEVE TË INSTITUTIT ALBANOLOGJIK PËR VITIN 2022- DEGA E FOLKLORIT DHE DEGA E ETNOLOGJISË

Author(s): Valon Shkodra / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 52/2022

Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës në kuadër të aktiviteteve vjetore të tij, për të trembëdhjetin vit me radhë organizoi konferencën shkencore “Java e Albanologjisë” që u mbajt nga data 5-10 qershor 2022. Në këtë konferencë morën pjesë studiues nga Kosova, Shqipëria dhe Maqedonia e Veriut.

More...

Download

KOLEKSIONI I FOTOGRAFIVE NË ARKIVIN E KOSOVËS SI BURIM PËR KËRKIME ETNOGRAFIKE

Author(s): Valon Shkodra / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1-2/2022

Historical scholarship, as well as other sciences concerned with illuminating the human past, usually devotes its attention to written sources and neglects other types of sources, such as narratives or memoirs, oral, photographic, etc., wrongly considering them to carry less data and thus to be less valuable for study. However, photographs, either as material within an archival fund or as part of a special collection of photographs held by private owners or collectors or in archives, represent important documentary assets for identifying and illuminating the cultural heritage of a community or country, and as such are a valuable source for research in the field of history in general and ethnography in particular. The Archive of Kosovo has a rich collection of photographs of personalities, events, monuments and various objects, neighbourhoods, bazaars, houses, streets, crafts and artisans of the time, which provide us with important data for research and studies in the field of cultural heritage in general. Considering this fact, in our article we will treat and consider those photographs from the collection of Kosovo Archive that provide us with information and help us in further research in the above mentioned areas.

More...

Download

AMIR SIJAMHODŽIĆ, MONOGRAFIJA "ISLAM I MUSLIMANI BUŽIMSKOG KRAJA"

Author(s): Ferid Dautović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 93/2023

Review of: Amir Sijamhodžić, Monografija Islam i muslimani bužimskog kraja, BZK “Preporod” Bužim, Bužim, 2022

More...

Download

Regionálna výchova a tradičná ľudová kultúra vo výučbe na základných školách

Author(s): Margita Jágerová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 7/2019

Since 2008 the elementary schools in Slovakia have been given the opportunity to educate children in the field of “Regional education and traditional folk culture“ focusing on local history, geography, natural environment and basic ethnographic knowledge, related to the place in which each school is functioning. Therefore, these schools can be considered as one of the most important mediators in the process of imparting this knowledge amongst the youngest generation in today’s society. The paper is based on a research conducted at 5 elementary schools that declared the implementation of “Regional education” and some components of traditional culture and folklore in their teaching process. At the beginning of 1990s, these schools were leaders in this process and became an inspirational role model for other ones. The author describes the current situation in these schools, the possibilities, tools and mechanisms applied by individual schools (teachers) in the process of education in the above-mentioned field. Furthermore, the paper describes the forms, educational content and factors determining this area.

More...

Download

Architektura grup etnicznych a postawy ludności miejscowej Podkarpacia w 2. połowie XX i na początku XXI wieku Wybrane problemy

Author(s): Grażyna Stojak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2019

The region of Podkarpacie is a multiethnical, multicultural and multifaith region situated in the south-east of Poland. It is a border region whose area overlaps with the Podkarpacie Province established in 1999. The contemporary, complex structure of the population of the region of Podkarpacie – shaped by the operation Vistula and the post-war resettlement of the residents from other regions of Poland, as well as labour migration from villages to cities – causes the formation of several directions in shaping the cultural landscape of the Podkarpacie countryside. The first of them is the tendency to preserve ethnic architecture, which is not homogeneous. On the one hand, there is a well-organised operation of two municipal open-air museums in the region of Podkarpacie, i.e. the Museum of Folk Architecture in Sanok and the Museum of Folk Culture in Kolbuszowa, which professionally preserve and scientifically develop both tangible and intangible cultural heritage of the Polish countryside. The operation of private cultural parks (e.g. Museums of Lemko Culture in Zyndranowa and the Museum of Lemko Culture in Olchowiec) as well as mini open-air museums operating in municipalities (e.g. „Open-Air Museum „Zagroda” in village of Markowa, “Kresowa Osada” in Basznia Dolna, “Zagroda Pogórzańska” in Gwoźnica – Biographical Museum of Julian Przyboś in Gwoźnica, “Zagroda Chłopska” in Godowa, “Chałupa nr 84” in Glinnik Zaborowski, “Zagroda Kowalska” in Krzeszów Górny) is quite different. Each of these mini open-air museums tries to preserve the folk culture of individual ethnic groups in a different way. On the one hand, their activity aims at exposing tangible culture and popularizing folklore of ethnic groups; on the other hand, at selling food products and crafts, commercial and restaurant activity. In each of the cases, the or-ganisers’ effort is tremendous, especially that external financing of these activities is occasional, and work necessary to make these facilities operate properly is mainly based on the effort of enthusiasts. The second tendency – completely opposite to the above mentioned trends – is the destruction of traditional buildings and replacing them with contemporary, styleless architecture occurring all over Poland. There are three types of causes that may be responsible for this state: blurring the tradition as a symbol of backwardness (e.g. Dolne Nadsanie and the fight of priest W. Gaj-Piotrowski), migration of countryside residents to cities and construction of new housing estates due to fear of disclosure of belonging to a specific ethnic group (e.g. Low Beskids, Przemyśl County, Lubaczów County), as well as introducing modernity at all costs (Bieszczady – Olgierd Łotoczka’s fight for the “wild Bieszczady” in the Łopiennik Valley). All the above mentioned actions – both in the past and at present – contribute to the image of the countryside in Podkarpacie.

More...

Download

Displaced Persons jako samostatné badatelské téma?

Author(s): Jana Kasíková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

Displaced Persons as a result of the Second World War have been the subject of long-term research, which has gradually developed into a stand-alone discipline. The author reflects on its development, current trends and future prospects. Using the examples of several thematic conferences abroad and the panel discussion at the Congress of Czech Historians in Ústí nad Labem in September 2022, she illustrates the specific areas of interest, the proclaimed challenges of the field, and possible interconnections with other topics. She finds the publishing and popularization activities of scholars studying the issue of displaced persons to be abundant while the occasional claims that Displaced Persons represent a new and still understudied topic sound somewhat contradictory today. According to the author, the main limitation to studying Displaced Persons as a stand-alone topic is that, in pursuit of a deeper understanding of the concept, Displaced Persons are often artificially sought where the category no longer fits and where an interdisciplinary or polythematic approach is preferable.

More...

Download

Pražská konference o identitách v bývalé Jugoslávii

Author(s): Ondřej Vojtěchovský / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The author reports on the international historical conference “Centralist Ambitions and Peripheral Realities in the Twentieth Century: Contested Identities in Yugoslavia”, which took place on 14 May 2023 in Prague and was co-organized by the Institute of History of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of World History of the Faculty of Arts of Charles University, the Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast Europe Studies (Leibniz-Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung) in Regensburg and the Croatian Historical Institute (Hrvatski institut za povijest) in Zagreb. Researchers from the former Yugoslavia, Belgium and the Czech Republic participated as speakers. The author first presents the general historical context of the complex relationship between national and other collective identities in Yugoslavia during the twentieth century. He then introduces the individual speakers and presents their diverse contributions. The event, he says, was inspiring not only for researchers specializing in the Balkans, but also for scholars of Czechoslovak history, given the numerous historical overlaps.

More...

6.00 €

Preview

Страстите на душата: в старата и новата българска литература: опит за сравнение

Author(s): Hristo Saldzhiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article explores a big number of lexical and figurative similarities concerning the passions of the soul conveyed in the works of two authors who take significant place in the history of the medieval and modern Bulgarian literature – the first one is the XIV century author of religious anthems – Efrem and the second is Yavorov – one of the most famous Bulgarian poets from the very beginning of the XX century. Efrem’s views about the fall, passions and contrition of the soul, as well as the connections of these views with the Christian penitential literature and st. Paul’s letter to the Romans are regarded in details. Special attention is paid to Efrem’s soteriological notion of inferno which is rooted in psalms and the Christian idea of Jesus’ victory over death. This soteriological notion essentially differs from the mythological notion of inferno taking place in other literary traditions from the same period. In respect to the passions of the soul the analysis of the poetry of Yavorov reveals a big number of figurative and lexical similarities with Efrem’s anthems. I conclude that the similarities in question are not result of cultural continuum between Yavorov and Efrem but originate from common dramatic experiences exceeding epochs and the peculiarities of literary genres. These common experiences give rise to similar metaphysic language used by both authors.

More...

Download

BĂLȚI LOCALITY FROM FAIR TO MUNICIPALITY: URBAN IDENTITY AND HISTORICAL-POLITICAL FLUCTUATIONS

Author(s): Ludmila Șimanschi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

In this study, we intend to reveal the modification of the identity of Bălți locality with the historical-political changes, so to achieve an evolutionary historical panorama of urban identity change. At the beginning, we synthesized all the theories that define the concept of "urban identity", in order to diachronically analyze the urban image of Bălți and to gather all the important components in the formation of identity: both those referring to natural elements (topography, climate, geology, location) and those referring to social identity (demographic structure, institutional structure and cultural structure) and to the human landscape, the artificial built environment, because the series of attributes identified with the city can add symbolic value to the identity of the Balti urban space, modified over time. Bălți has the most spectacular urban evolution compared to other localities in Bessarabia, starting from the uncertain hypostasis of a fair, it becomes an urban locality with a fragile identity, subordinated to the subjective factor, to the entrepreneurial spirit of Alexandru Panaite, the owner of the city; becoming the capital of a county, by chance, and a municipality. Over time, it changed its identity depending on the change of the political regime: tsarist, Romanian, Soviet, neocommunist, and urban function: commercial and economic communications center important for the northern area of the country, episcopal, industrial, university center.

More...

Download

Morwa biała (Morus alba L.) w ujęciu naukowym i kulturowym. Od jedwabnictwa do papieru

Author(s): Joanna Grześkowiak,Anna Maria Brandys / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Sericulture dates back to ancient China. Today it is defined as a branch of agriculture dealing with the cultivation of mulberry for the purpose of silkworm farming and the production of silk. Due to the fact that the mulberry silkworm larvae eat white mulberry leaves, it is a plant inextricably linked with silkworm farming and, consequently the production of silk. Although white mulberry is mainly associated with the cultivation of mulberry silkworms, thanks to its numerous and unique properties, it is a plant that can be used in various branches of the economy, as well as a research object of interest to scientists representing various fields of science. Thanks to the content of many bioactive substances, micro- and macroelements and vitamins, it has been used in herbal medicine, pharmacology and medicine. The richness of bioactive compounds makes it also an attractive raw material for the food and cosmetic industry. At the same time, due to its high energy value, mulberry belongs to the group of energy crops. Both the unique properties of mulberry and the traditions associated with its cultivation have made it a plant appreciated not only by science, but also left its mark in culture, as it has accompanied people for centuries. It is not surprising, therefore, that mulberry was recorded in poems, folk proverbs and on painting canvases, including the most famous brush by Vincent van Gogh – “Mulberry Tree in Autumn”. On the other hand, the processing of mulberry silkworm cocoons into high-quality yarns, and ultimately into delicate but durable fabrics, had a significant impact on the development of art. Both in terms of the so-called applied arts, but also those referred to as beaux-arts. And although the definitions of art have changed throughout history – regardless of period or era – silk was invariably appreciated by artists and craftsmen. Thanks to its properties, quality and aesthetics, silk fiber offers a wide range of possibilities for use in papermaking, which is also important in the cultural context.

More...

Download

Zastosowanie kapusty głowiastej białej w polskim lecznictwie ludowym

Author(s): Robert Gruszecki,Magdalena Walasek-Janusz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

White cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) was one of the staple food plants in ancient rural communities. It was not only the main ingredient of many dishes, but even a symbol of abundance. The high availability of this plant, both fresh and pickled, throughout the year, created great opportunities to use it not only as food but also as a medicinal plant. The aim of the study was to present the medicinal uses of raw materials obtained from white cabbage in Polish folk medicine. The available studies show that traditional Polish folk medicine not only used fresh cabbage leaves, but also fermented leaves or sauerkraut juice. Sometimes the use of seed, stalks and fresh leaf juice were recommended. Unlike most medicinal plants, dried raw material was used very rarely. The most commonly used raw materials were fresh or lacto-fermented without prior preparation, rarely before use they were crushed, roasted, made into infusions, boiled or soaked in vinegar. It was believed that cabbage provides health and strengthens the body, and children who eat cabbage grow quickly. For medicinal purposes, this plant was used for numerous ailments and parasites of the digestive tract: abdominal pain, constipation, stomach and liver diseases, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and hemorrhoids. It has also been used in dermatological problems and as an analgesic, e.g. for headaches and rheumatic pains. The properties of cabbage were also used in the treatment of female ailments related to pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. The collected information indicates that white cabbage has been used in folk medicine in many ways, and its various applications should not escape the attention of modern medicine.

More...

Download

Medykamenty roślinne w szlacheckich regestrach zakupów, receptach i poradnikach medycznych w XVIII wieku

Author(s): Bożena Popiołek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

“Pharmacy expenses”, prescriptions, herbariums and medical handbooks are important sources for research on the history of medicine and pharmacy. They give an idea of both the level of pharmacy and court health care, as well as cultural trends in the field of health care, which were adhered to by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s society, and which were largely based on plant products. However, these sources are often fragmented, undated and anonymous, scattered in various collections, which we are not able to attribute to specific persons. It is also worth paying attention to the herbariums and pharmacopoeia, printed in mass since the mid-17th century, which are a kind of guide for pharmacists and medics who prepared drugs and prescribed medications to their patients. In the court’s libraries we can find medical handbooks that contained easy-to-prepare recipes, usually based on popular herbs found in the country, and served as first aid pharmaceuticals. Although the phytotherapeutic knowledge of this period was still based on the works of ancient authors, it was supplemented by the information about treatment possibilities of the new raw materials of herbal and mineral origin, which was caused by Europe’s opening to new continents and wide trade exchange with Asia, Africa and the Americas.

More...

Download

Czy ziołolecznictwo ludowe jest ludowe? Na marginesie dziewiętnasto- i dwudziestowiecznych debat wokół korzeni fitoterapii

Author(s): Joanna Partyka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The question of the direction of information fl ow related to herbal treatment has been a topic of interest for researchers for centuries. However, “infl uenceology,” which involves identifying mutual relationships and dependencies, can be misleading, especially when seeking one-way solutions as a desirable form of response to issues related to broadly defi ned cultural phenomena. The term “infl uence-ology” was coined by literary scholars criticizing the positivist methodology derived from evolutionism. This methodology focused on fi nding all possible infl uences between literary works, resulting in often unwarranted and even ridiculous conclusions, and above all, leading to the squandering of what is the essence of literature. It seems that an ethnologist tracing infl uence in the context of herbal medicine loses sight of what is the essence of folk culture. The question “Is folk herbalism folk?” assumes a historical and source nature and contains an evolutionary desire to determine a one-way infl uence. Although poorly posed, it opens up the fi eld for presenting arguments that the parties used in the discussion. These considerations are the subject of this article.

More...

Download

Źródła wiedzy panien apteczkowych: tradycje słowiańskie czy śródziemnomorskie?

Author(s): Iwona Arabas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

In the 19th century, the medicine cabinets at the manors of Polish nobility became a legitimate presence in the Polish provinces: defi ned in encyclopaedias and dictionaries and included in the laws on pharmacies. Their caretakers (“panny apteczkowe”) obtained their knowledge from home silva rerum, herbal books or their copies. The women taking care of the household medicine cabinets grew herbs themselves or bought them from rural herbalists with whom they exchanged information about the healing effect.It remains an open question whether the knowledge of medicinal plants considered folk belongs to our Slavic tradition or to the Greco-Latin civilisation.

More...