Anotace

Author(s): Jan Fišar,Vojtech Čelko,Zdenko Maršálek,Dominik Vu,Natálie Vaidišová / Language(s): Slovak,Czech Issue: 4/2016

František Bartík. Vzpomínky chovance Jaroslava Vojtěcha a historie táborů nucené práce. Prague: Academia, 2014, 254 pp., ISBN 978-80-200-2328-5; Staša Fleischmannová. Vrstvami. Prague: Torst, 2014, 220 pp., ISBN 970-80-7215-471-5; Martin Flosman. Padre a Rebe: Vojenští duchovní československé zahraniční armády u Tobruku a Dunkerque. (Traumata války, vol. 4.) Prague: Epocha, 2015, 290 pp., ISBN 978-80-7425-260-0; Jiří Kocian, Vít Smetana and others. Květnové volby 1946 – volby osudové? Československo před bouří. (Prostopravdy, vol. 4.) Prague: Euroslavica, 2014, 244 pp., ISBN 978-80-87825-09-9; Gerhard Scholten. Mezi všemi tábory: Život v době, která zešílela. Prague: Argo and Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů, 2015, 265 pp., ISBN 978-80257-1708-0 and 978-50-87912-40-9

Пояснените думи в среднородопските възрожденски писмени паметници с гръцко писмо (Особености и тенденции в речниковото вариране)

Author(s): Georgi Mitrinov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Issue: XXXIII/2020

Rhodopean revival; history of Bulgarian language; Rhodope revival written tradition; lexical features

ЗАСЕЛЕНИЕ СТАРОВЕРАМИ ВЫГОВСКОГО СУЗЕМКА

Author(s): A. N. Staritsyn / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2022

The purpose of the article is to study the socio-geographical issues of the early Old Belief using an integrated approach to sources. The origin of the Old Believers – the first settlers of uninhabited lands on the border of two pogosts of the Olonets Uyezd is considered. Over time, there was a gradual process of settlement of the Vyg River basin from west to east, depending on the number of fugitives and the availability of ready housing. The settlements were large (monastery) and small (hermitages). The censuses of 1678 and 1707 were used as sources on the history of the early Old Believers. A comparative analysis of the seventeenth-century census data and the first revision with the data from the Old Believers’ sources was made. New biographical data on some of the first Vyg settlers were obtained. The results of the study confirmed the conclusion made by M. L. Sokolovskaya that the overwhelming number of settlers came from the Olonets Uyezd pogosts, on the territory of which the settlements were founded. The social composition of the settlers (their peasant background) corresponds to the social composition of the inhabited village districts surrounding the unpopulated forest areas (suzemok).

To Study the Tombstones of the Islamic Period of Aqalar Museum of Maragheh (northwest of Iran)

Author(s): Saeid Satarnezhad,Karim Hajizadeh Bastani,Behrouz Afkhami,Habib Shahbazi Shiran / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The issue of death and the world after it has been one of the basic human thoughts from the beginning of creation until today. This vision has a set of different manifestations in all societies. Tombs and tomb stones are one of the inseparable parts of this thought among all societies from ancient times to the present day, which has been used as a basic tool for its objective and spiritual manifestations. The decorative motifs of tombstones are a reflection of the cultural, social and religious conditions of a society, which is manifested in the form of geometric, symbolic, plant, epigraphic (inscription), and Muqarnas motifs. According to field studies, Maragheh city, located in northwestern Iran, is one of the regions in which many tombstones of the Islamic period has remained. These tombstones can be studied methodically and scientifically from the perspective of archeological, art, anthropological and sociological studies. In recent years, a number of tombstones in the city have been collected inside the museum of lithography. This research, which is the first phase of studying the tombstones of the Islamic period of Maragheh, has studied the tombstones of this museum. In this research, the tombstones of this museum have been studied with a descriptive- analytical approach in order to study the chronology of the tombstones and the motifs used in these tombstones. The results of the research show that the tombstones of this museum are generally from the 1495 – 1883 AD period. The motifs used in the tombstones also reflect the social status and religious beliefs of the deceased.

ВОДЕНИЧКА ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЈА И ВОДЕНИЧАРСКА ЛЕКСИКА У СРПСКОМ ГОВОРУ КАРАШЕВА

Author(s): Mihai N. Radan,Miliana-Radmila Uscatu / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2021

Cet ouvrage fait partie d'une série d'ouvrages des auteurs qui visent à enquêter sur ces sphères d'activités rurales des habitants de Caraşova, plus précisément, ces professions et métiers qui, dans les conditions d'une mondialisation de plus en plus accélérée, sont menacés d'extinction ou ont déjà disparu. Dans la partie introductive du document, il y a quelques clarifications sur l'enquête sur le terrain et les informateurs, sur les moulins et la meunerie à Carașova, la plus grande localité de Carașoveni, indiquant également que l'objectif principal de cette recherche est d'inventorier les termes et le lexique liés à la meunerie, contribuant ainsi à leur préservation et à leur sauvetage de l'extinction. Le contenu proprement dit de l'article consiste en la présentation du matériel collecté et son analyse afin d'indiquer l'origine de la terminologie et du lexique dans ce domaine de l'activité carasovienne et de voir dans quelle mesure d'autres langues ont influencé ce segment du. lexique carasovien.

Din Sesiunea Națională de Comunicări Științifice „Românii din sud-estul Transilvaniei”. Istoric. Cultură. Civilizație. Ediția a XIX-a

Author(s): Solomon Ovidiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

Sesiunea Națională de comunicări Științifice "Românii din Sud Estul Transilvaniei. Istoric. Cultură. Civilizație" organizată de Centrul Ecleziastic de Documentare "Mitropolit Nicolae Colan", din cadrul Episcopiei Ortodoxe a Covasnei și Harghitei, Muzeul Național al Carpațiilor Răsăriteni, Centrul European de Studii Covasna și Harghita, Ministerul Culturii, Liga Cultural Creștină "Andrei-Șaguna" și Centrul Cultural Toplița, cu sprijinul Consiliului Județean Covasna, a Consiliului Local Sf. Gheorghe și al S.C Stefadina Comserv Srl București, începând din anul 1995 a devenit o manifestare recunoscută pentru valoarea contribuțiilor din domeniul cercetării istoriei, culturiiși civilizației românești din Sud-estul Transilvaniei. Ajunsă la ediția a XIX-a, sesiunea s-a impustreptat ca una dintre activitățiile științifice cu impact social și cultural semnificativ la nivel local, regional și național.

Българските мюсюлмани в годините на преход (1990–1997). Етнокултурни аспекти

Author(s): Valery Stoyanow / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2000

Islam in Bulgaria is traditionally moderate, characterized by a tolerant attitude towards the difference of the “others” and their culture, and the representatives of this confessional community consider themselves rather as “European Moslems”, alien to religious fanaticism. The Bulgarian Christians have also formed in them such an ethnic tolerance, which has made it possible for them to live in understanding with the alien groups and - with minor exceptions - not to allow religious and racial pogroms which have brought dishonour on the past of many of the contemporary “great nations”. The difficulties in the transition of the post-totalitarian societies, however, have brought to light some old contradictions, which have always been a latent destabilizing factor. The disintegration of former Yugoslavia has shown how fragile could be in extreme conditions the already established links of compatibility. This holds well also for the “one nation” states and determines the increased interest in the Moslem community in Bulgaria. It is not homogeneous either. In it prevail the orthodox Sunni, bearers of the traditional Turkic Islam, supported and developed in the Ottoman Empire, Very few are the Shiites (Alevites, Allans, Kizibasi), but adherents to the puritanic fundamentalists (the so-called Harici), characteristic of the Arab world, have not been registered so far. The Bulgarian Moslems differ also by their ethnic origin. The most numerous are the Turks who in the course of time have assimilated also many representatives of other national groups confessing Islam: Bulgarian (Pomaks), Gypsies (Roma) aid Tatars. Among them the most speculations are caused by the question of the origin of the Bulgarian Mohammedans (Pomaks) whose speech has preserved numerous archaic elements, identical with those from the written monuments of the medieval Bulgarian literature, but showing also a more recent layer of Turcisms, Arabicisms and Greacisms, and belongs to the Rhodopean group of dialects of the Bulgarian language. Irrespective of the fact that the common language and traditional popular culture, as well as the information extracted from the numerous Ottoman documents attest to the Bulgarian origin of this population, the separate Balkan countries in which it lives are trying in their turn to “nationalize” it. In the Turkish literature, for instance, the Pomaks are regarded as “Rhodopean” or “mountain” Turks (in the same way as Kurds were regarded as “mountain” Turks) - heirs to the Cumanians or descendants of other Turkic tribes who prior to the appearance of the Ottomans had settled in the Rhodopes where they were Bulgarianized, forgetting their maternal tongue. In Greece, on the contrary, the Pomaks are regarded as “Islamized Slavophone Hellenes” or descendants of Thracian Pomaks who were Slavicized, and with the coming of the Ottomans - also Islamized, but who had nothing in common-with the other Balkan peoples except, naturally, with Greeks. In Macedonia they are regarded as part of the Macedonian people. Under Arab influence in the last few years emerged a new thesis according to which the Pomaks were descendants of envoys of the Prophet Mohammed who had come on his order already before the settlement of the Slavs and the Turks so as to spread Allah’s words in the Balkans. All this, put in the context of the hypothesis of the socalled “Clash of Civilizations”, advanced by Samuel Huntington, cannot but excite apprehensions. The development of Islam in Bulgaria since 1989 has been connected with the expansion of the minority rights, which equally concerns all Moslems without regard to their subconfessional or ethnic differentiation. It advances at a considerably slow pace owing to the slow “maturing” of Bulgarians society for the problems and needs of its “other” fellowcitizens. However, an excessively rapid turn in the mental sphere could hardly be expected after the decades long brainwashing and the still living Balkan nationalism kept up in Bulgaria’s neighbouring countries. The road to the revival of the minorities in Bulgaria was traced by the struggle for restoring the Moslem names – a process that can already be regarded as completed. It includes, however, also the right to use and study at school the mother tongue, the question of religious education, of the state of the Turkish media as an element of the development of the minorities of the Moslems to set up charity, cultural-educational and political associations, etc. An attempt is made in the study at outlining basically all these aspects of the development of the Turkish (Moslem) minority question in Bulgaria in the conditions of the country’s democratization and the restoration of the market economy after the collapse of the communist regime.

Един български глас от Болград. Програми за политически суверенитет на нацията на страниците на вестник „Български глас“ (1876–1877)

Author(s): Vera Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2000

The article presents the programmes for national sovereignty of the Bulgarians launched on the pages of one of the most outstanding political newspapers published in Bulgaria in the period April 17, 1876 – August 27, 1877, the newspaper “Bulgarski Glas”, edited by the public figure Kiro Touleshkov. One of the great experts in the press of the Bulgarian National Revival, B. Andreev, characterizes the publication in question as “a purely political paper with a strong revolutionary orientation”. This qualification is true and well-grounded. The idea of an abrupt and categorical break with the structures of the Ottoman State sounds in the text or context of most publicistic material included in the pages of the “Bulgarski Glas” newspaper. Nevertheless, Kiro Touleshkov’s publication presents also the three possible alternatives for Bulgaria’s future state organization in the correlation dependence/ independence from the Turkish Sultan’s Government – administrative autonomy, political autonomy, full independence. The article interprets this phenomenon within the context of a more abstract notion of the Balkan ethnopolitical realities in the 19th century. The editor demonstrates in a convincing way that no Balkan nation has received its state sovereignty all at once and to a full degree. In a direct text or with the help of historical examples he persistently insists that the strength of the “Little” factor in “big politics” is expressed in their skill to discover the optimal prospects for solving their problems to link their plans (initiatives) and commitments with the shortest and most painless road to the mentioned optimum. Assuming also the possibility for Bulgaria not to obtain at once and in full her State independence, the publication expresses a well-measured political flexibility. And that without letting out of sight the nation’s ultimate goal: attaining full State sovereignty in the natural ethnic boundaries. By their attitude the circles standing behind the publication gave clear signals of their skill to work in a mature and responsible fashion in the field of the National Revival press.

Към участта на егейските българи - само с най-високи критерии

Author(s): Georgi Daskalov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/1999

For non-scientific considerations, the interest of Bulgarian historical science has for decades disregarded the war-time problems of Aegean Macedonia. This has made it possible for authors from our neighbouring countries to pile up numerous titles with anti-Bulgarian orientation. This faces today’s Bulgarian historians with the responsible task to look for the truth. Without paying attention to the high requirements, Prof. Dobrin Michev has not resisted the temptation of quick realization also in this circle of problems. Two publications connected with them confirm that. In them he displays his not being familiar with the general historical context, such as the occupation structure in Aegean Macedonia and the Greek political and military system in the region. This weakness and the not profound study of the documents and their literal reading confront him with a number of inaccuracies of principle and fact. As regards the publications concerned, Michev shows also another methodological specificity of his: to impose fundamental tendencies which are not adequate to the historical process but are to the theses he has built up in advance. In this striving of his he performs a manipulation of a short of the sources, rearranging the events in time and space. Thus he deliberately elevates the contribution of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization IMRO) in the armed struggle of the Aegean Bulgarians which he qualifies as an “uprising” and gives a wrong presentation of the role in and attitude of Sofia to the events taking place in the region and also of its representative here. In his jingoistic striving for heroizing Michev becomes an unintentional carrier of consolidated Greek and Skopie theses. Along with all that deals most imprecisely with the names of the historical persons up to here refers to Michev’s professionalism, present is also another “specificity” of his works, connected with scholarly morals. He not only tries to conceal the contribution of those who have written before him but also takes the liberty to “seize” documents already published by them and textual interpretation given by them, entering into the role of original discoverer. The heroic history of the Aegean Bulgarians does not deserve such delittantism and unethical approach.

Българските турци след Втората световна война

Author(s): Valery Stoyanow / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/1998

The article examines the attempts of the communist authorities at a total solution of the “Turkish problem” in compliance with the actual Soviet views on the national question an in view of the Bulgarian-Turkish confrontation at the time of the opposition between the blocs. The two principal stages of the new policy, coinciding most generally with the Stalin and Zhivkov “eras” in modern Bulgarian history, are outlined. At the same time they are additionally differentiated according to the changes at the top of the Bulgarian (respectively Soviet) Party and State leadership. If up to the April plenary session of the CC of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1956), for instance, the authorities had stimulated Turkish cultural autonomy, trying to sever the national self-identification from the religious aspect, after that began the reverse process of gradual limitation of the rights of that population so that with restrictive measures it might be incorporated into the titular Bulgarian people. Under both G.Dimitrov and V.Chervenkov, the solving of the “Turkish problem” was sought within the framework of Stalin’s national policy. Whereas in the 40s that had still been justified with a view to the expected Balkan Federation in which, following the Soviet model, should find a solution also the disputed national issues, later the Soviet model was imposed in the conditions of a (one) national state which inevitably led to contradiction between the interests of national security and the right to self-determination of the Turks. In the course of de-Stalinization, therefore, was adopted a policy of a gradual but ever more inclusive incorporation of the Turkish population. This course was in conformity with the thesis raised by Khrushchev of accelerated rapprochement of the nationalities of the USSR until their complete fusion into a "Soviet socialist nation" with Russian language, and it was not surprising that the adept of his policy T.Zhivkov consistently applied the new Soviet concepts on the national question. Already in 60s came into use the term “Socialist Bulgarian Nation” and measures were taken “to speed up the natural process of overcoming the ethnic differences”, and when L.Brezhnev raised the question of the "united Soviet People" as a new stage along the road of integration, in this country appeared also the concept of "united socialist Bulgarian nation". The road to it passed through renaming the entire Turkish population, gradual replacement of the religious rites by ethnically neutral ones and the creation of prerequisites in the last stage that culminated after 1984 the deletion of all signs of the Turkish ethnic identity.

СКАЛНОТО СВЕТИЛИЩЕ МАРКОВИ КУЛИ КАТО СИМВОЛ НА КОСМИЧЕСКАТА ПЛАНИНА

Author(s): Vasil Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The megalithic sanctuary Markovi Kuli near the town of Prilep in Northernm Macedonia is one of the largest in the Balkans. The author has studied the rock carvings and protosculptures in the sanctuary. Structural and semantic analysis is proposed.

НА КОГО Е ЗЛАТНИЯТ ПРЪСТЕН-ПЕЧАТ ОТ ДАЛАКОВА МОГИЛА?

Author(s): Georgi Kovatchev,Nikolay Sirakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The approach of reading the inscription from the ring is connected to the relationships between the existing political men of the Odrysians and their internal genealogical division, the complex political situation in Thrace and the existing tension between the ruling Thracianking Amadocus I and his paradinast Seuthes II in the 5th – the beginning of the 4th century BC. At the end of this tense period, in the second decade of the 4th century, the burial of this high Thracian aristocrat, who in our opinion is Seuthes II, was performed. The inscription on his ring-seal should be read as “Seuthes (from the kin of) Teres”.

ЗА БРОНЗА НА АДЕЙ – СИН НА МАКЕДОНА КОРАГОС И ГЕНЕРАЛ НА СЕЛЕВКИДА АНТИОХ ІІ, ОТКРИТ НА ТЕРИТОРИЯТА НА УКРЕПЕНОТО ТРАКИЙСКО СЕЛИЩЕ, НАРИЧАНО ТАСОСКИ ЕМПОРИОН ПИСТИРОС.

Author(s): Boryana Russeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The depot of the Museum of Archaeology in the town of Septemvri houses the entire coin array of numismatic pieces discovered during the regular archeological excavations on the territory of the fortified Thracian settlement near Vetren village, better known as Thasian Emporion Pistiros. An interesting bronze coin (Inv. No 1.172–1990) of the types head of young Heracles//horizontal club (Fig. 1) comes among all the coin finds. The piece is highly corroded, with rather damaged surface, depersonalized legend and emission marks. However, in its coin types, as well as in its size and weight (4.70 g; 18x15 mm), the coin is identical to the bronze coins, which the Macedonian Adaios, named by Selene Psoma as viceroy of Antiochos IITheos in Thrace, minted in 253–243 BC in Cypsella – his capital and one of his mints on the territory of Southeastern Thrace. Based on Selene Psoma’s interpretation of the so-called sitarchiai and sitérésia, i.e.the daily payments with bronze coins to soldiers from garrisons stationed in Hellenistic Thrace, we can conclude that coins from the “military issues” of at least three Hellenistic rulers have been found on the territory of the “Thasian emporion Pistiros”. First was SeleucusI with his three bronze emissions, struck in the capitals of Antioch and Sardis (Figs. 7–9and Fig. 2), which came to Thrace with Seleucus’ military treasury, appropriated by PtolemyKeraunos after the assassination of Nicator near Lysimacheia. Seleucus’ bronze was followedБоряна Русева291chronologically by the tetradrachm of the Dynast Skostokos (Fig. 10 and Fig. 3) – a piece of anemission minted in the 270s BC in Enos under force majeure, most likely for the payment ofsoldiers hired by Skostokos to defend the city against the Celtic invasion of 281 BC onwards. Apropos, contemporary to Skostokos’ tetradrachm is the group of posthumous Alexanderdrachms from the Vetren treasure – all signed with the common control sign – the verticaltorch under the divine throne (Pistiros h. 22–25 from Price 564A). The coins are perfectly preserved, i.e. without visible signs of circulation. The researchers attribute them to the capital’ s atelier in Pella, which issued them as soon as Antigonus Gonatas proclaimed himself King of Macedonia (276).Therefore, the latest coin discovered so far on the territory of the Vetren fortified settlement is the bronze one of the Seleucid general Adaios, minted in Cypsella, in the period between 253 and 243 BC – a piece of a “military issue” intended to cover the daily financial needs of the mercenaries of the Macedonian garrison stationed in the Adaios’ capital ofCypsella. I remain hopeful that at the archeological site of Adzhiyska Vodenitsa will soon be discover a bronze coin of Antiochus II as well – the ruler who appointed Macedonian Adaiosas his general in Thrace. Thus, the Thracian settlement in the lowland of Upper Maritsa River, located not far away from the Roman road station of Bona Mansio, will be among other settlements of the age – Maroneia and Knyazhevo, Kabyle, Seuthopolis and Arkovna, on whose territory the bronze editions of Adaios and Antiochos Theos have been discovered – a material sign of the turbulent years of a still another clash between the two great Hellenistic states – the Seleucid and Lagid ones, which marked the history of Hellenistic Thrace in the mid third century BC.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ОКОЛО ЛУЦИЙ КОРНЕЛИЙ СЦИПИОН ASIATICUS; ASIAG(ENUS); ASIAGENE(S) (?) И ВАРВАРСКИТЕ ПОХОДИ СРЕЩУ МАКЕДОНИЯ И ЕЛАДА (119–87 Г. ПР. ХР.)

Author(s): Plamen Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The military actions between the people of the Scordisci and Lucius C. Scipio Asiagenus are solely mentioned by Appian. The report seems pretty intriguing; besides, it became the subject of various interpretations particularly due to the way of presentation of the information. Most of the hypotheses refer the above military-political activity of L. C. Scipio Asiagenus to the 80ies of the 1st c. BC. The year 88/87 BC can result from the subtraction of302 from 390 ВС, and/or 32 from 120/119 ВС. One would arrive to the period 85/84 BC by subtracting 302 from 387/386 BC, and/or 32 from 118/117 ВС. We can arrive at the year 82/81 BC, if we take away 32 from 114/113 BC. The people of the Scordisci, who had dominated for almost a century over the west-Thracian and other dynasties, found themselves in the position of losers compelled to take on the pressure of Burebista and endorse his power. The decrease of their resistance was a consequence of the blow struck by L. C. Scipio Asiagenus at them during the 80ies of the 1st century BC. This might explain why the Scordisci were not mentioned among the people, against whom the Roman Republic was waging wars by the middle and the second half of the 1st century BC.

ВЛАСТ И СОЦИУМ: МОДЕЛИ НА АВАНСИРАНЕ И ИЗЯВА НА ТРАКИЙСКОТО НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ПО ЗАПАДНОПОНТИЙСКОТО КРАЙБРЕЖИЕ НА ДОЛНА МИЗИЯ (I – III ВЕК)

Author(s): Stefan Yanakiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The Thracian presence in the area of the Greek apoikia along the West Pontic coast is a factor that the inhabitants of these cities have to comply with. Since its establishment in VII B.C. they are, to a certain extent, economically and politically dependent on Thracian formations in the hinterland. The situation has changed radically since the imposition of Roman rule and provincialization of the territory. The fall of the population within the province of Moesia/Lower Moesia and the establishment of a cultural model known in science as “Romanization”, predetermines to carefully clarify the ways in which local Thracians manage to cope with the background of the two trends in the local landscape. “The Epigraphic Habit” is one of the key indicators for tracing the Thracians in the local military-administrative and urban structures of the local socium. Data from the available epigraphic material shows a relatively slow advance of the Thracian population. Although the army is an essential means of obtaining civil law, the representatives in the veteran society and the Thracians in the military circles do not meet with a particular leadership role. Their emergence is mostly detected among inferior rural administrative posts. On the other hand, a part of the population manages to be a part of the College of priests or with managerial positions in relation to religious cults and practices. Interest is that part of the Thracians, who do not belong to urban circles or do not possess civil law. The data show the gradual penetration of Romanization tendencies, especially in the region of Istria and Tommy. Another rend shows the outskirts of Odessos, as in the Epigraphic fund of the city underlines the names of Thracians who established family relations with persons whose nomenclature refers them ethnically as Greeks. This is most likely to show the direction of the manifestation of some members of the local Thracian masses: Connecting with the Greek population or with Thracians who are subjected to Hellenistic tendencies in an earlier stage of the history of the western Black Sea coast.

Броят на унгарците в Румъния според преброяванията на населението и други статистически източници

Author(s): László Sebők / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/1996

Official Rumanian statistics do not reveal the actual number of Hungarians living in Rumania, since their political aspect has always been stronger than the scientific one. According to the only acceptable census of Transylvania in 1956 there were at that time 1 616 000 Hungarian persons living there. The censuses of the Ceausescu era (1966 and 1977) were so strongly biased that their data are considered by the experts completely useless. (Similarly, the data reporting on 20–30 000 Hungarians in the Regat are also not accepted anywhere.) Demographic analysis and the analysis of ecclesiastical documents lead us namely to the conclusion that the number of Hungarians in Rumania must be somewhere between 2.1 and 2.3 million and that of those living in Transylvania must be above 2 million, the preliminary data of the 1992 census (1 620 000 Hungarians) prove that with all customary manipulations there are at least as many Hungarians who claim to be ones against all the intimidating measures and the political pressure exercised on them.

Note și recenzii

Author(s): Ilie Moise,Tiberiu Costăchescu,Loredana-Maria Ilin-Grozoiu,Doina Blaga,Ana Grama,Karin Servatius-Speck,Andreea Buzaș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2021

Review of: Mădălina Iacob, Muzeeul de nișă. Practici simbolice și contexte culturale, Iași, Institutul European, 2020, 220 p. Maria Șpan, Ethnoesthétique d’un village de Transylvanie: costume traditionnel et communication visuelle, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2020, 318 p. Pavel Toader, Confesiunile unui profesor, Sibiu, Editura Agnos, 2020, 518 p. Elena Maxim, Simbolul albinei și al produselor ei în cultura populară românească, București, Editura Etnologică, 2019, 251 p. Mircea Lac, Drumul spre performanță. Ghid teoretic și practic pentru clasele de artă tradițională din școlile populare de artă, Deva, Editura „Karina”, 2020, 586 p. Ioan Lucian Bolunduț, Odiseea buciumanilor..., vol. I (2019, 268 p.), vol. II (2021, 308 p.), Petroșani, Editura Focus. Ilie Moise, La Cut, înapoi, pe filele culturii, Sibiu, Editura Armanis, 2021, 212 p. Irmgard Sedler, „…skoro damoi!” Hoffnung und Verzweiflung. Siebenbürger Sachsen in sowjetischen Arbeitslagern 1945-1949, Siebenbürgisches Museum, Verlag Renate Brandes, Altenriet, 2020, 312 S Ion Taloș, Împăratul Traian și conștiința romanității românilor. Cultură orală și scrisă din secolele XV-XX, prefață de Ioan-Aurel Pop, anexă de Ion Taloș și Petre Florea, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Școala Ardeleană, 2021, 436 p.

Deux noms nouveaux d’aristocrates thraces dans une inscription de Kazanlàk

Author(s): Peter A. Dimitrov / Language(s): French Issue: 5/1995

Thracian-Phrygian cultural zone: The Daskyleion evidence

Author(s): Maya Vassileva / Language(s): English Issue: 5/1995

Политиката на Букурещ в Македония по арумънския въпрос през 1878–1913 г.

Author(s): Georgi Barbolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1993

After the Russo-Turkish War of Liberation (1877–1878) the Romanian government took an interest in the small ethnic group of the Aromanians who lived in Macedonia and Epirus. The Bucharest government pursued its Balkan policy by good relations with the Ottoman and Belgrade governments and strove to reach agreement with Greece on the disputed issues in Macedonia. The ruling circles in the Romanian capital were of the opinion that Romania should preserve its dominant position in the Balkans and feared, therefore lest Bulgaria should expand and become a stronger state. With respect to the Aromanians, the Romanian side worked for their cultural upsurge with a view to drawing them to Romania. When in 1905–1908 Greek armed units subjected the Aromanians to extermination, the government in Bucharest did practically nothing in their defence. Together with the Bulgarians, the Aromainians tried to protect themselves from the Greeks. In their midst emerged such leaders as Pito Goulev, Mitre Vlacha, Alexander Koshka, Georgi Mouchitano-Kassapcheto, Apostol Loulenitsa and others. After the Balkan Wars (1912–1913) the Aromanians from Macedonia fell under the rule of Serbia which closed the Aromanian schools and churches. The descendants of the Aromanians kept their memory, expressed in folksongs, of the heroes who had fought for freedom shoulder to shoulder with their Bulgarian brothers.