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In the period of 1878-1903 the Bulgarian municipalities in Macedonia strengthen their significant position in the life of the Bulgarian population by organizing an active church-national and social activity.
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La mobilité sociale représente un des problèmes les plus importants concernant la catégorie desaffranchis. L'étude de la mobilité sociale a été abordée d‘un point de vue historique ou sociologique, et afait l‘objet d‘analyses comparatives. P. Burke a mis en évidence quelques distinctions sociologiques quiopèrent dans ce type d'approche: montée descente, mobilité "intraregénérationnelle" (au cours d'unevie), "intergénérationnelle" (à travers plusieurs générations), mobilité individuelle mobilité de groupe.Sans essayer d‘adopter une démarche comparative (qui présente, d'ailleurs, beaucoup de pièges), noustraiterons des aspects de la mobilité sociale chez les affranchis, comme ils ont été abordés parl‘historiographie récente.
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Following the introduction of the constitutional parliamentary regime in the Ottoman Empire post-July 1908, the Exarchate attempted to make use of the new situation in order to protect its rights and privileges that had been violated by the former authorities. The first step taken in that direction was the constitution of its governing bodies in Constantinople – the Synod and the Exarchate Council.
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The all-Bulgarian “Otets Paisiy” Union, established at the end of 1927, was a propagan-distic revisionist formation whose purpose was to unite rominent intellectuals and experts in the fields of international law and the problems of the minorities. The main task of the union was to come up with a common national position on the National Question, to raise support for the rights of Bulgarian minorities outside their homeland, to win advocates for the Bulgarian cause abroad, and to coordinate the protest actions against the Treaty of Neuilly. In the first two years of its existence, the organization spread intense propaganda activity, started issuing two magazines, and mobilized public opinion for anti-Neuilly actions. This activity coincided with the tenth anniversary of the Treaty of Neuilly, and the affirmation of the protection of Bulgarian minorities abroad as public priority. Meanwhile, on the European political stage deepened the moods that the system of the Parisian treaties (and especially some of them, like the one from Neuilly) generated constant insecurity. The all-Bulgarian “Otets Paisiy” Union strove to be adequate to these moods.
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The extant Ottoman tax registers of the 15th and the 16th centuries give us valuable evidence of the Bulgarian population in the Rhodope and the Aegean region of that period. The paper publishes anthroponymic data about the population of the village of Ablanitsa, Gotse Delchev region, of the mid-15th century, according to which its entire population were Bulgarian Christians.
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The absence of enough literary sources in Bulgaria is only one of the reasons to turn with even greater attention to the study of Bulgarian microtoponymy and especially that outside today’s borders of the country.
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The article deals with the development of the crisis in Macedonia from March 2001 to July 2002, which reflects the growing dangerous confrontation between the local Slavonic population and the Albanian minority.
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