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Police officers belong to the occupational group that is particularly ex-posed to work related stress. As part of their official duties officers help people who have experienced traumatic situations in their lives. Long-term contact and helpingtrauma victims may on the one hand cause certain negative consequences in the formof secondary traumatic stress, and on the other, can be a source of positive changes,understood as secondary posttraumatic growth. The aim of the study is to determinethe severity of negative and positive posttraumatic changes among police officers ex-posed to secondary trauma and their connections with sociodemographic variables,workload and history of one’s own trauma. The research also aims to determine therelationship between the negative and the positive consequences of secondary expo-sure to trauma. 520 police officers on duty and in contact with trauma victims tookpart in the research. The study used a survey specifically developed for this purposeand two standard measurement tools, i.e.: the Secondary Traumatic Stress Inventoryand Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. The officers participating in the study displayedrelatively low intensity of negative consequences of exposure to secondary trauma,as well as varying levels of positive posttraumatic changes — 40% of respondentsshowed a low, 34% an average and 26% a high degree of secondary growth. Soci-odemographic variables and workload had little influence on the occurrence of bothnegative and positive consequences of secondary exposure to trauma. A factor thatsignificantly differentiated the severity of secondary stress and growth was their ownhistory of trauma. Moreover, the obtained results showed positive relations betweensecondary stress and secondary growth
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Among other factors, the ability of police officers to act is determined bythe aptitude test carried out when admitted to the police school, which examineswhether the police officer will be able to meet the physical and psychological expecta-tions placed on him in his later work. In Hungary, a new regulation has been in placein this regard since 1 January 2021. In my thesis, I present and compare the previousand new regulations, as well as try to find out the motives for the change. I will alsoexamine the relationship between health, psychological and physical fitness tests andthe tactical capabilities of police officers
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The New Wave (Nouvelle Vague) represents a major event in the history of French cinema since the war, referring to everything to do with youth in cinema. It was coupled with the second feminist movement, the concerns of which were the fight against legal inequalities, cultural inequalities, and questioning the role of women in society. Jean-Luc Godard is one of the greatest directors of all time and his cinematography is considered a benchmark in the field, thanks to his approach to the emancipation of the modern woman through the use of the male gaze technique. In this article, I will attempt to present the image of women and the feminist theory through Godard's films of the '60s, to understand how he saw them and how women expressed themselves at the dawn of the second wave of the feminist movement.
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The article offers an analysis of a not very commented and studied problem in Bulgaria related to the parental self-sacrifice and its consequences for children. The characteristic types of parental models with a tendency to self-sacrifice are studied and the main reasons for the realization of self-sacrificial parenting are discussed. Psycho-emotional and behavioral profile, opportunities for social expression and personal perspective of children with self-sacrificing parents are presented. The gaps in the process of children's development and the deficits formed as a result of this parental model are commented. Some approaches to working on the problem through prevention and specialized intervention for socio-pedagogical work with children and families with self-sacrificing parents are outlined.
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In this study, we deal with all aspects of the topic of church courtyards of Orthodox churches in urban Greece. As an ethnographic example of this phenomenon, we examine the courtyard of the church of St. Antonios, in the municipality of Peristeri, in Athens. We will focus in the multilevel functions that these spaces have. In addition to their ecclesiastical use, these also function as parks and squares, particularly in towns, where there is little open space and areas of greenery are very limited. As a consequence, church courtyards are frequently used both as parks and as multifunctional spaces that host a multitude of social, cultural and recreational activities. In addition to examining how the space is used, we also look at the feelings experienced by those visiting the area, that is, what they experience when they visit the courtyard and what they feel about the metamorphosis, as it were, that the area undergoes, as manifested by the various activities taking place there during the late afternoon and evening.
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In the text, we primarily deal with the observation of the latest manifestations of the Orthodox lity procession ritual and ways of sacralising the space on the example of Belgrade. Accordingly, attention is also paid to the symbolism of different spatial landmarks, which is emphasized at the level of several semantic layers. Recent events have once again actualized the importance of the Lity procession ritual – deeply rooted in both folk tradition and religion – as well as its manifestations, both in the Republic of Serbia and in the wider Serbian ethnic area. The basic and most visible function of Lity is the consecration and marking of space, but also of time, with special significance for a certain ethnic-social context, community or place. However, Lity also have a pronounced cohesive and identity function, as was particularly clearly demonstrated in the example of the defense of holy sites, i.e. of basic religious rights, precisely through Lity in Montenegro. Consequently, Lity proved to be one of the most effective weapons against attempts to deconstruct the Serbian identity. In accordance with the relevant indicators, in our work, with a multidisciplinary approach, various structural and semantic dimensions and possibilities of Lity are considered. This primarily refers to the level of the Belgrade area, but in a more general sense it is also directly related to field and other research on related issues, which were carried out in a much wider area during the previous decades.
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When a woman says that she likes to play sports, what kind of sports do people think of? Tennis? Archery? Considering sports, we recognize that there is discrimination in what we expect between men’s sports and women’s sports. Rugby football is supposed to be exclusively played by men. However, in fact men and women play rugby. Why do we connect rugby with men only? I argue that rugby football games have developed among public schools in England. In that setting, football was played by boys. The Rio de Janeiro Olympics in 2016 changed this image since they adopted men’s and women’s rugby football games. Therefore, many women’s rugby teams were established for Olympic Games in Japan. I interviewed several women rugby football teams and I realized many teams have the same problems. The biggest one is that it is not so easy to gather female members to make a women’s rugby team. In this situation, Nomi-Koma rugby school (primary school children) has succeeded in gathering female members at Komatsu city, Ishikawa Prefecture in Japan. They said half of the members were girls. Why and how can they recruit girls for members? I recognize this case also concerns why and how a girl begins to play rugby in Japan. I will report on the results of this research and discuss the cases of female rugby players in Japan.
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This study aimed to determine the effects of dance-movement therapy on individuals with mild intellectual disabilities, focusing on their self-concept and various general and wheelchair movement qualities. The sample included two females and three males with mild intellectual disabilities, ranging in age from 17 to 26 years. Two of the participants were diagnosed with cerebral palsy, while the other three were diagnosed with myelomeningocele. The participants had difficulties/disorders in various aspects of movement and used a wheelchair to move independently. They were included in a dance-movement therapy programme developed specifically for the present study, which incorporated various dance-movement therapy concepts such as Emerging Body Language (Rutten-Saris, 1992), Brain Dance (Gilbert, 2015), and the Dance Movement Therapy approach (Payne, 2006). The dance-movement therapy programme involved one-hour sessions that took place weekly over a four-year period. We used the Self-Concept Questionnaire (Musitu et al., 1998) through which social, familial, physical, learning, and emotional aspects of self-concept were assessed, as well as two scales assessing general and wheelchair movement quality (developed specifically for this study). The results indicate that, at the beginning of the dance-movement therapy programme, participants had below average social, familial, learning, and emotional aspects of self-concept, as well as above average physical self-concept and some difficulties with certain general and wheelchair movements. After attending the dance-movement therapy programme, participants showed improved performance and scored above average on most self-concept aspects. They also improved in all measured aspects of general movement quality and several aspects of wheelchair movement quality. Thus, the results suggest that the dance-movement therapy programme was effective for individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and movement difficulties in the areas of self-concept, as well as general and wheelchair movement.
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The aim of this paper was to point to the importance of early diagnostics and surgery in patients with laryngeal web in order to achieve normal breathing, as well as to stress the need for an interdisciplinary approach to observing the quality of voice and prosodic features at an early age. The subject under consideration was a 6.5-year-old girl who had previously been diagnosed with irregular breathing (R06). An endoscopic exam revealed a laryngeal web between the vocal folds and the fact that the posterior intercartilaginous section of the glottis of the child’s larynx was in order (normal). The child’s speech had been recorded in the acoustic studio, both before and after the vocal-fold surgery (six and twelve months later). Due to severe dysphonia, difficulties with breathing, and frequent noisy breathing (stridor), we recorded only the phonation of the vowel [a], as well as spontaneous speech before the surgery. In addition, there was intense glottic and supraglottic strain before the surgery, which in phonetics corresponds to the term laryngeal and supralaryngeal strain and pathologically creaky whispery phonation (according to VPA protocol). This strain was visible in the area of the chest, neck, and head, as well as audible in the voice quality. Acoustic analysis showed that the average F0 for the vowel [a] was remarkably high (442 Hz), and the pathological values were established using the following measures: local jitter (1.68%), local shimmer (0.7 dB), and the harmonic to noise ratio (17.6 dB). In contrast, six months after the surgery, the pitch for [a] was half the value of the preoperative one (220.5 Hz, p < 0.001), and the local jitter for all vowels (0.30-0.47%) and the harmonic to noise ratio (22.46 dB, p = 0.05) was within the normal range. There was also significant improvement in the F0 values, standard deviation of F0, and minimum and maximum F0 values. The average and median F0 values in spontaneous speech were also lower postoperatively. The voice quality showed a more balanced timbre (LTASS), particularly after one year. Some other prosodic features also showed improvement.
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The aim of the study was to gain insight into some domains of the quality of life of children with epidermolysis bullosa and their parents from perspectives of mothers. Semi-structured interview was used as method for data collection with six mothers of children with epidermolysis bullosa. Thematic analysis was a method of analysing data. The results show that the quality of life of parents of children with epidermolysis bullosa is determined by parents´ good health, job satisfaction and received support from different sources, as well as the family’s financial well-being and their limited possibilities of participating in leisure activities. The quality of life of children with epidermolysis bullosa is determined by the children’s affiliation to the community, poorer health condition of children, children’s abilities to perform certain everyday activities, as well as appropriate support from the formal support system. It is clear that this rare disease affects the quality of life of all family members. Families of children with epidermolysis bullosa need informational, practical, emotional, and financial support from informal and formal support system, especially from highly specialized and well networked professionals.
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Functionality in activities of daily living and social support are often used as indicators of quality of life, especially in research involving gerontological and geriatric populations that assesses the functional independence of the patient and their need to rely on help from others. The effects of a stroke can significantly reduce the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between functionality and social support and the quality of life of elderly stroke patients. This study included 50 stroke patients over the age of 65 years. All the participants lived at home in Zagreb. The participants’ quality of life was measured using The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire), which determines quality of life based on four domains (Physical, Psychological, Social relationships, and Environment). Functionality was measured using the Functional Independence Measure, while social support was measured using the Social Support Scale. The correlation between functionality and quality of life was statistically significant with respect to physical health (r = 0.77, p < 0.00), as well as psychological health (r = 0.53, p < 0.00). The correlation between social support and quality of life was also significant with respect to social support from friends in the Social relationships domain (r = 0.40, p < 0.00) and in the Environment domain (r = 0.45, p < 0.00), as well as in the overall social support in Social relationships (r = 0.29, p < 0.04) and Environment domains (r = 0.35, p < 0.01). A higher level of functionality indicates a higher quality of life in the Physical and Psychological domains, as well as in the overall quality of life of elderly stroke patients. Strong social support from friends can encourage and help elderly stroke patients to integrate into their social environment more successfully, thus potentially increasing their quality of life. The results of this study imply that functionality and social support can be important factors in the quality of life in elderly stroke patients.
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The paper briefly describes the history of the 251 Troika sports-tourist aircraft. The aircraft was developed on the basis of tender TKV2 no. 1940/46 for sports-tourist aircraft. The first flight of the prototype, made in Ikarus, was on October 6, 1947. In 1949, 57 Troika aircraft were delivered, and in 1951, another 23 aircraft were delivered. Out of a total of 80 produced in the Utva factory Troika aircraft 73 were handed over to the Air Force, while the remaining 7 were scrapped in the air force before handing over.
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Dosing physical activity is a very important segment in the exercise do-main of every person, whether they are a child, an recreational person or a professional athlete. The aim of this paper is to present the most optimal and direct method for assessing the functional status of an individual and to explain the way in which physical activity can be dosed most effectively using a Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). In this work, the descriptive method of conducting the CPET test was used as a standard for determining the beginning of physical activity, but also for determining training thresholds. Adequate physical activity should be optimally dosed, neither too much nor too little, but sufficient to cause physical adaptation of the organism to effort. In sport and physical activity, the heart rate parameter and the determination of the degree of fatigue in relation to the maximum heart rate of the person exercising are most often used to measure effort.
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A well-liked and reputable technique for gathering data from experts in a field of expertise is the Delphi method. This approach may be used to conduct surveys with qualified respondents from a wide geographic area because face-to-face interaction is not necessary. The Delphi method survey is a practical tool for obtaining expert opinions through repetitive rounds of controlled feedback. To have the maximum response rate possible, investigators must actively engage in this area. Participant cooperation is essential for the Delphi process to be carried out successfully. The main goal of this paper is to offer insights which can be useful to other researchers and practitioners preparing to apply Delphi methodology. Moreover, the article contributes to the methodological debate by taking into consideration the introduction of new practices that can be used to overcome certain classical issues of the Delphi methodology: optimal panel size, objectivity, controlled feedback, participant response rate, etc.
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Sports nutrition is the one that, in addition to satisfying the energy and nutritional needs of the athlete, will provide him or her with good health, the effectiveness of sports performances, but also good recovery after training or competition and prevent injuries. Sports nutrition should be well organized and planned, varied, and the emphasis is on meeting the greater energy and nutritional needs of athletes. These increased needs for energy and nutrient intake are not significantly higher and can be met with a proper and varied nutrition. Athletes should be enabled and encouraged to have a proper, varied and well-planned diet in order to withstand daily training. This means that they need nutritious and regular meals.
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Big cities face numerous problems that can only be solved by implementing local policies that involve the use of smart management tools. This paper emphasises the human dimension in city management and planning, implying the evolution of the concept of smart cities. Smart cities involve ICT in the administration of diverse sectors. The development of smart transportation is one of the key components of smart cities. The concept of smart transportation is examined in this paper through the concept of mobility as a service, which entails the combination of two or more different modes of transportation and mobility as a service. Therefore, the research question is: Can we solve the accumulated problems in the transportation of Belgrade residents by combining two or more types of transportation through the concept of mobility as a service? The study describes the situation in comparison to the practises of cities such as Helsinki, Vienna, and Ljubljana. The paper provides insight on best practises in the development of this idea in Helsinki, Vienna, and Ljubljana. These cities can serve as a model for the reform of Belgrade’s transportation system, which is based on mobility as a service and citizen participation in the development of local policy.
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Through content analysis method, this paper examines the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Convention, UN CRPD) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The analysis involves a desk study of available reports, relevant regulations, laws, and other pertinent documents with the objective to assess the opportunities and limitations for the implementation of the Convention and its underlying social model in BiH. Furthermore, the paper aims to highlight how the crises, that marked the 21st century, had negative impact on the Convention’s implementation in the country. Specifically, the analysis draws attention to a set of rights that persons with disabilities find difficult to exercise in the BiH society. These include: equality and non-discrimination, awareness-raising, accessibility, equality before the law, independent living and inclusion in the community, work and employment, participation in political and public life, as well as participation in cultural activities. Unfortunately, access to these rights is made even more difficult by adverse changes resulting from a series of consecutive crises.
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This paper explores interculturality as a phenomenon that plays a very important role in the contemporary context of the development of plural societies. Through qualitative content analysis, deduction, comparison and generalization as the methods that are used, there is deconstructed the discursive intercultural triangle consisting of identity, multiculturalism and interaction. Throughout the research, each of the elements of the triangle was separately analyzed with extensive insights into their morphology and correlational influence on interculturality, in order to explain the structure, essence and functional role of interculturality as objectively as possible. As a result of these phenomenological analyses, it can be concluded that interculturality is a process that takes place through the interaction of cultures within a multicultural environment that is founded on already built and living cultural identities.
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The article highlights the evaluation of one of the newest social services in the community - Community Support Centre. Data from a survey conducted with parents, voluntary and involuntary beneficiaries of social services at the Community Support Centre (CSC) are presented. The aim is to explore their attitudes and satisfaction with the interaction with professionals regarding the support provided in the CSC by those working directly with parents and/or their children.
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