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The paper examines the (technically reproducible) „atrocious image“ within discourses commenting on the tendency of such visuals to affect the viewers’ imagination and memory and their ability to make sense of and retain in their minds (representations of) „exceptional events“ such as war. The text analyses the theoretical circumstance that the affective potential of the „atrocious“ gives rise to many „iconoclastic“ debates about the ethical risk involved in the production, dissemination and consumption of technical images representing „transgressive moments“ – those „imagining“ death, torture and all manner of other ‘atrocities’. The aim is to discern what these debates miss, namely that the locus of misunderstanding is conditioned by the premise that photography and cinema have a disproportionate (compared to other media) power over people’s imaginations, and thus over the social as such. This power is tied to the uses of and prejudices about the apparent ability of a medium in a particular historical period to capture the truth of events and reality in general. In this sense, the article attempts to show that as contemporary audiovisual culture changes, the boundaries of old arguments about the affective potential of technical images must be reconsidered, as they have begun to lose their power and verisimilitude because they are easily falsifiable and increasingly function as a form „image speech“ for private individuals.The key idea of this article is the understanding that in the contemporary societies of supermodern capitalism of singularities and virtual effects, historical and geopolitical images play a substantial role in the transformations of power situations both within the separate state formations and on the regional and global scale, mediating the power transformations themselves towards new kinds of authoritarianism and totalitarianism. Historical and geopolitical imaginations, however, despite being closely related, should be distinguished as forms of social imagination working at different levels – the levels of independent and dependent, individual and collective consciousness, respectively the biographical and the historical unconscious in the translations-transitions from private to public form, reminiscent of the work of dreams. Today, more than three decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall (and of socialist heterotopia), a new Iron Curtain seems to be coming down, the spectres of the Cold War seem to return. And seemingly familiar historical and geopolitical images invade from the past – but are they the same? Don’t they have quite a different role of hyper-precision weapons of mass destruction? The main thesis is this: the war in Ukraine, maybe like any other war, is mediated by mirror images constructing the identities of the warring sides. A war of mirror images. One in which they, the warring sides, without noticing or being aware of it, see in the enemy their own reversed image.
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Jonathan Littell’s novel The Kindly Ones places literature in a very unusual position ‒ that of a witness to the truth. The unexpected status of literature turns out to be justified because neither the victims nor the executioners can describe the terrible events of the Holocaust during World War II. The victims are subjected to the extermination, the executioners try to conceal their guilt. Then we need a third point of view – that of the fictional narrative. Because the executioners survive, unlike the victims, Littell’s novel sets out to present the Holocaust from their perspective. However, to what extent can we trust the main character, the Nazi officer Maximilian Aue? Does his seemingly objective narrative in fact not leads us towards belittling of the events he describes?
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The article zooms onto the relation between the movement of labor power and capitalist modes of production and social reproduction that form vis-à-vis the taming, slowing down, and accelerating the speed of that same movement. I coin the notion of moving labor power which allows me to analyse the moments that arise between the transformation of body power into labor power (social reproduction) and labor power into labor (production). Marx’s conception of labor power as an „elastic potential“ and Foucault’s understanding that labor power must be first tamed in order to be fixed to production apparatuses allow me to think through the development of capitalist relations as continuously going through a double dynamic of fixing and freeing of labor power spatially. The combination between these approaches enables me to analyse the ways in which the capacity of the body to move is being entangled in differentiated regimes of movement and relations that arise between labor and migration apparatuses. I use two cases: the refugee and the freely moving pauperized.
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The article presents an interpretation how with the collapse of the cultural system of real socialism in Bulgaria the art scene begins its transformation into a ‘field of art’ (in the sense of Pierre Bourdieu), in the context of the significant political, economic and social changes. It introduces a view on the specific forces, stakes and interests involved in the developments, through which painting that had been dominating the field initially, was overshadowed by new media practices in the mid 90 s, to achieve recognition at the end of the period as legitimate medium of contemporary art on certain conditions.
More...(Надживявания. Феноменология и социоанализа на генеративното време, С. Събева, Изток-Запад, 2023)
More...(Как стареем в България? Първи резултати за България от Изследване на здравето, стареенето и пенсионирането в Европа (SHARE 2020/2021), Вълна 7 & 8, E. Маркова, Г. Йорданова, Р. Димитрова и М. Дробенова, НАЙС АН, 2022)
More...Urban Agriculture for Improving the Quality of Life. Examples from Bulgaria, D. Pickard, (Ed.), M. Draganova, G. Koleva, Z. Stoyanova, A. Nakova, E. Chengelova, N. Toleva-Nowak, P. Tzvetkov, I. Dedov, S. Beshkov and P. Shurulinkov, Springer, 2022
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The nutrition of children and adolescents is a priority of the National Health Policy. This article provides an over- view of the measures taken by the Ministry of Health in Bulgaria to protect health and promote healthy eating; the results of conducted nationally representative surveys and the content and priorities of policies proposed by international organiza- tions such as the World Health Organization and the European Commission for improving nutrition and nutritional status of the population, focusing on the children’s age group
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Healthy nutrition is important for the growth, health and development of children. The national policy regarding the healthy nutrition of young children and preschool children is implemented by two ordinances of the Ministry of Health: Ordinance № 2 of 7 March, 2013 on healthy nutrition of children aged 0 to 3 years in kindergartens and children›s kitchens, which regulates the requirements for healthy nutrition of children aged 0 to 3 years, organized on the territory of children›s institutions and children›s kitchens and Ordinance № 6 of 10 August 2011 on healthy nutrition of children aged 3 up to 7 years in children›s institutions, regulates the requirements for healthy nutrition of children aged 3 to 7 years, organized on the territory of municipal, state and private children›s institutions. The basis of these two ordinances are the requirements for energy and nutrient intake or the norms for the specific age groups of children, which best characterize the nutrition and allow for optimal growth and development of children. The results from the annual monitoring of the nutrition of children aged 1 to 3 and 3 to 7 years is used for the purposes of the national food policy, as a key strategy in increasing the well-being of children in Bulgaria.
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Optimal breastfeeding is a highly effective public health strategy for the reduction of infant mortality from gastro- enteritis and pneumonia, especially in developing countries. Breastfeeding studies have shown the protective role of breast milk against many chronic and immune conditions, in particular, type 1 diabetes, necrotizing enterocolitis, asthma and leu- kemia. This article offers an overview of the protective mechanisms of mother’s milk
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The article presents the purpose and tasks of the human milk banks. A brief historical review of the establishment and the development of a network of human milk banks in Europe and Bulgaria has been made. The activities and the main challenges for the further expansion of the network of human milk banks in Bulgaria are examined.
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The correct nutrition in the first year of a child’s life is an important factor determining the physical and intellectual capabilities of a person at a later age and has an important meaning to the risk of developing a food allergy. The aim of our study was to determine whether breastfeeding practices, including exceptional breastfeeding, and using hydrolysed milk alter the risk of developing a food allergy in infants. Material and Methods: We tracked 180 healthy infants up to the age of one year old and 94 – with manifestations of allergy. The statistical processing and visualisation of the results were done with the products Statgraphics Plus and Microsoft Excel. Results: The success of breastfeeding in the monitored mothers in terms of duration of breastfeeding was influenced by the level of education, ethnicity and current place of residence. In normal birth and caesarean delivery, healthy children are breastfed over 7 months of age, while children with manifestations of allergy – up to 1-2 months of age. Among the monitored by us children food allergy was seen more frequently in infants with low birth weight. More commonly during the first year we observed skin-gastrointestinal form toward cow’s milk proteins. Among the observed children with allergic manifestation we found elevated levels of immunoglobin E(36,5IU/ml), eosinophiles – over 7%, anaemic syndrome – 40,5%. About 93% of children with initial manifestations of allergy were fed milk for infants, 4,3% were on mixed feeding (breast milk and supplementation with infant milk), 2,1 - on exceptional breastfeeding. Conclusion: The frequent clinical manifestation of allergic colitis and confirmation of allergy to cow’s milk with immunoglobulin E and eosinophils require the introduction of an elimination diet and prolonged feeding with protein hydrolysate 6-12 months
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Аn interview of the editor of the scientific journal Social Medicine – Assoc. Dr. Petar Tsonov with Dr. Mihail Chukchukov, director for eighteen years of the Children’s Nutrition Complex (CDN) (The kitchens in Krasna Polyana and West Park) with the Breast Milk Bank (BMB) (1976 - 1994), and with Dr. Maria Rusinova, 15 years director of CDN with BMB (since 2005 until today). The interview with the experts is in the field of children nutrition for children up to 3 years old, which Sofia Municipality finances and provides through theComplexes for children’s nutrition in the municipalities within the Capital city: Vitosha, Lyulin, West Park, Ilinden, Mladost, Iskar, Sredets, Studentski, Krasno Selo and Slatina.
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Historical data on the creation, dissemination and validation of systematic internal control over the production and distribution of food to the population and the HACCP system as a main tool of the preventive approach in modern food hygiene for the supply of safe food are presented. The system is applied in all developed countries, including Bulgaria, and its mandatory application is regulated in the international normative documents of Codex Alimentarius in the Regulations of the European Union. The basic steps and principles of the HACCP system are considered. In short, an overview of the main groups of food hazards is given – physical, chemical and biological. The produced large groups of children’s food and the importance of the HACCP principles for the protection of their safety are considered. Emphasis is placed on the traditional for Bulgaria children’s milk kitchens - unique food objects for complex lunch feeding of children from 8 months to 3 years of age. The specific features of these essentially health facilities and the importance of the HACCP system for ensuring a full, varied, healthy and safe nutrition of this most vulnerable group of the child population are discussed.
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Burn injuries are an important global public health problem of medical, social and economic importance. Burns are a daily occurrence in the domestic, professional and school environments of modern societies. They are an essential part of emergency conditions, leading to serious consequences for the health and life of the victims. The specificity of the treatment process and the care of patients with burns occupy a significant place for health care specialists participating in each stage of the treatment and diagnostic process, require a multidisciplinary approach of medical teams from all structures of the health system. This requires awareness and an increase in their professional competence, in terms of risk factors, trauma severity, prehospital behavior towards the victims at the scene of the accident, as well as the provision of first medical aid in outpatient settings which will contribute to a better quality of the medical care. Objective: to investigate the training, experience and competence, and the need to increase the professional knowledge and skills of health care professionals in relation to burns. Material and methods: Surveyed with a special questionnaire developed by the team are 54 nurses, average age 49.9 years, from the emergency and surgical departments of University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment - Burgas. Results: Well prepared theoretically and practically are 27.8% and 30.6% of respondents, respectively; do not have knowledge for dressing techniques for burns (25%), as well as for modern materials and local remedies for the treatment (33.3%). Standard nursing care protocols for burn patients were missing or inadequate (61.1%). a A need and desire for training and increasing professional knowledge and skills in burns was found among 74.9% of the respondents. Conclusion: There is a need to develop and update the training of nurses in the area of care for patients with burns
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