SOCIALINIAI REALYBĖS ŠOU EKSPERIMENTAI

Author(s): Žygintas Pečiulis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2007

In the article, genres of TV reality shows are analysed. During them, temporary societies are being constructed. In social television experiments there may be identified palallels to existing and theoretical models of society. Television modifies the Panopticon concept by J. Bentham with help of new technological means. Reality shows become raw material for creating an artificial society which reminds of Leviathan by T. Hobbes. The historical evolution of television reflects a fight between aristocratic and democratic spaces and the threatening danger of democratic despotism, foretold by A. de Tocqueville. Having opened the door for self-expression of ordinary citizens, television becomes an authority that supplies society with amusements.

NO MARKET OF ANY TYPE

Author(s): John W. Murphy / Language(s): English Issue: 72/2007

The article deals on the significance of the market in the contemporary society. The author observes some moralizing position that the market as such promotes general alienation and increasingly developing fragmentation of the members of community. It is sustained the idea of Karl Marx that the individual at the standpoint of the market becomes the atom of the industrial forces and loses its own identity. The exploitative tendencies which Marx supplies that they increasingly intensify from the standpoint of the postcapitalistic society. The market is defined as self-dependent and autonomical deterministic entity which can be divorced from the usual array of social contingencies in the context of the social. The author affirms that it is stimulating not only social fragmentation and general alienation but it is inciting total irresponsibility which contradicts with the dogmas of Christianity, of christocentrism in the market-place and the philosophical notions of Emmanuel Levinas who follows these lead. The postindustrial forces manipulate by the individuals and reduce to the economical logical imperatives rendering them into the screws of reproductional apparatus just like the producible objects. So there are eliminated all the possibilities of social solidarity and establishes “unconscionable consumerism”. The author claims that in this particular case contemporary consumerism develops the deorganising forces in our society and takes us to the situation as Margaret Thatcher says, society does not exist at the marketplace.

İslam'ı Algı Sorunu ve Türkiye'deki İslam Algısı

Author(s): Songül Alşan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

In Turkey and the world there are many triggering factors, actors and results of historical courses. Within these courses, words and assumptions continuously change and these words and assumptions gain meaning and are subject to semantic shift as well. Within these processes, each event can be faced by humanity by demonstrating a front view with their facts, assumption, belief base and perception type. In order to handle these views healthily in each event evaluation, certain pedagogic and methodologic methods were developed. When action is taken by these methods and open perception understanding, real nature and purity of events can be clarified. When the subject is religion, history, tradition and community, arguments for preserving this objectivity becomes more and more sensitive. With the aim of understanding and explaining these sensitive values properly, an evaluation stage for new perception and understanding to be developed was handled.

Literowanie luk codzienności. Konteksty narracji o afazji

Author(s): Klaudia Muca / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

Individuals who have experienced aphasia often create narratives about beginnings – about relearning language and cultural codes, about finding one’s bearings in space, about expressing experiences. Many of these narratives form an idiom of personal experience, an account of regaining oneself through language. In this article Muca describes and analyses the work of Karolina Wiktor. Wiktor portrays her episode of aphasia as an experience of a deficiency, loss and renewed creation, through the smallest particles of words, that is to say letters, coming together as a narrative about ‘an explosion of the brain’. For an aphasiac, the creation of a narrative is a sort of (self-)therapy. Analysing such accounts allows us to tackle fundamental questions about cognition, such as the relationship between language and the creation of identity.

Behavioural insights and COVID-19 pandemic in India

Author(s): Pradeepika Gadai / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2020

The emergence of the novel COVID-19 has made pandemic preparedness a crucial issue for public health worldwide. A little is known about people behaviour in a pandemic situation. Such knowledge is however critical. Understanding the associated psychological and behavioural responses is vital for future intervention development. During the period of Lockdown Stage , from 25th March to 14th April 2020 in India, a survey was conducted among 700 people in Delhi NCR and Haryana state, to explore changes in their psychological and behavioural responses to the COVID-19 virus epidemic based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) which distinguishes two phases, namely a threat appraisal and a coping appraisal is applied . Further infected people should be isolated to minimize the spread of pandemic diseases. Therefore, the factors related to self-isolation (SI) should not be neglected, and it is important to investigate the factors leading the infected (or possibly infected) people to choose to self-isolate. For this purpose, the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is used for providing conceptual framework for SI when facing a pandemic risk and a regression method is applied to investigate how attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioural control (PBC) influence SI when facing a pandemic emergency. The results of this study provide relevant information that promotes theoretical understanding of psychological and behavioural intentions of people and enables us to shape future intervention development.

Patriotismus in der Familie: Wert oder Identität Eine auf Forschungen der polnischen Mission in Deutschland basierte Studie

Author(s): Ireneusz Celary,Jan Kazimierz Przybyłowski / Language(s): English,German Issue: 10/2020

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema Patriotismus in polnischen Einwandererfamilien im Kontext soziokultureller Verhältnisse in Deutschland. Ziel der Studie war es, den in Familien kultivierten Patriotismus zu erforschen und die Frage zu beantworten: Handelt es sich um einen Wert, der die Wahrung der nationalen Identität ermöglicht? In dem Artikel wurden die Ergebnisse einer soziologischen Studie (Umfrage), die man bei der polnischen Mission in Deutschland durchführte, verwendet. Das zusammengetragene bibliografische Material wurde für die kritische Analyse der Studie herangezogen.Basierend auf den Forschungsergebnissen stellt man fest, dass der polnische Patriotismus, der von der deutschen Sozialkultur und Religion unter Berücksichtigung der herkömmlichen Umstände verifiziert wurde, seine Authentizität bewahrt und vor nationalistischen Einstellungen schützt. Daher bleibt der Zusammenschluss von Glauben und Polentum tief im polnischen Patriotismus verwurzelt, das authentische und universelle Erbe, das in polnischen Familien an nachfolgende Generationen weitergegeben wurde, vertretend. Aufgrund der durchgeführten Untersuchungen lässt sich bestätigen, dass Patriotismus auch in polnischen Familien in Deutschland gepflegt wird. Patriotismus sollte vor allem in der Familie vermittelt werden, deswegen sollten Eltern die religiösen Traditionen (Glaubenserziehung) mit den nationalen Traditionen (polnische Bräuche und Kultur) verbinden.

THE CONCEPT OF HABITUS - TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY OF CAREER CHOICE

Author(s): Lucian Mocrei Rebrean / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2021

When searching for a sociological perspective on career choice-related problems, the issue of social rationality comes into focus. The labor markets provide structural opportunities, but are jobs simply allocated at a macro-social level, or individually chosen? By looking for an explanation strictly within a macro-social frame of reference, we came to a conclusion that may seem biased: social structure determines professional choices. But Structuralism fails to account for individual free will or social group influence. Group beliefs and values are always confronted with real labor market opportunities. We need theoretical models of career choice that can accommodate both the macro and micro social levels of understanding. We take Pierre Bourdieu's theory of praxis as a middle-range comprehensive theory rather than an all-encompassing explanation because it is not based on a priori statements but on empirical data. The rationality of social actors cannot be understood without comprehending their shared aspirations, motivations, constraints, beliefs and values, all of which are linked to their pragmatic rationality.This notion efficiently describes the permanent negotiations between the micro and macro levels of social existence, leading us to the concept of habitus. The individual physical, practical, emotional and cognitive dispositions that constitute the habitus, are continuously mediated by social structures. Negotiated within specific social fields, career decisions emerge as an interaction between the two levels.

Editorial for the Special Issue on Migration, Education, and Youth

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Youth studies is a growing area within migration scholarship. It is evident that migration of children, unaccompanied children and children within refugee flows are significantly higher than general migration flows. We have evidence of this, for example, in the case of Syrian exodus since the outbreak of civil war in the country in 2011 (Yazgan et al., 2015). Kulu-Glasgow et al. (2019), Vila Freyer & Özerim (2020), and Vila Freyer and Meza Gonzalez (2021) are the recent collections of studies on youth in migration published by Transnational Press London alone. In the last couple of years, hundreds of articles and book chapters on youth migration have been published elsewhere. The Migration Conferences, Migration Letters proudly supports, have offered a venue for discussions on the topic since the beginning in 2011, and it has included a special track on youth migration to foster research in this particular topic.

Raspad multietničkih zajednica

Author(s): Senadin Musabegović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2021

In the end of the 1980s and during the 1990s, the religious communities in Yugoslavia wholeheartedly critiqued the ‘totalitarian communist government’ claiming that it had imposed, from the above, the ideological restraints and suppression of religious freedoms. Therefore, many religious elites accepted the process of Western European liberalization in order to win the fight for religious freedom, as well as to affirm its role and power through free elections. In the anti-communist context, the religious elites insisted on the return to tradition, to ancestors, to the past, and mostly neglecting the narrative of ‘the new future.’ This paper examines the way in which nationalism – which establishes its power through the use of religious symbols in order to unify and mobilize the masses— came to existence after the disintegration of a multi-ethnic state, such as the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empire, on the one side, and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, on the other. In such a way, religious universalism reduces itself on the particular national myth, which, through the symbol of the victim, constructs the ‘chosen people’ whose politics is not based on joining, connecting with other people, but on separation and division.

Социално-икономическата теория на Лудвиг фон Мизес като опит за реабилитация на либерализма

Author(s): Nikolay Alexandrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This article examines a number of key points in the teachings of the famous representative of the Austrian School of Economics Ludwig von Mises, whose work can be described as an attempt to rehabilitate liberalism, positioned on such basic concepts as “private property”, “individual freedom”, “market economy”, “free enterprise”, etc. The article aims not only to set out the basics of Mises’ socio-economic theory, but also to present its philosophical-anthropological basis in the face of praxeology, through the prism of which the Austrian scientist studies liberalism, socialism, and state interventionism (Keynesian capitalism).

Problemy Polskiego Czerwonego Krzyża na Pomorzu Zachodnim w latach 1945–1947 (z perspektywy kadr)

Author(s): Renata Gałaj-Dempniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2021

The Polish Red Cross workers in the years 1945–1947 provided support to state authorities and local government with regard to caring of people and achieving the state goals related to takeover, development, and Polonization of the territory. Lack of personnel and finance, difficult political and social situation posed particular challenge, required composure and devotion. Not all the workers were able to endure hard working conditions, fast pace of life, and the sense of threat at that time. Those who took up hard labour and weren’t scared of difficulties played a positive role in the life of the inhabitants of Western Pomerania.

Działalność społeczno-polityczna Ukraińców w Polsce w okresie tzw. karnawału „Solidarności” (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Pomorza Zachodniego)

Author(s): Arkadiusz Slabig / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2021

The Ukrainian community in Poland, remembering the breakthrough in the nationalities policies that occurred in the years 1956–1958, attempted to benefit from the political turning points that took place in the following decades. The social activists, acting on behalf of their compatriots, sought to undo the effects of the Operation Vistula by: obtaining consent for mass returns to the South-East of the country, reclaiming the lost property, full reconstruction of the Greek Catholic Church, protection of the Ukrainian cultural heritage, and development of education with the Ukrainian language of instruction. Unsuccessful attempts at implementing these postulates were already made in the years 1968–1971. The 1970s, despite initial appearances of renewal of political life, were perceived by the Ukrainians as a time of further regress in their position. Ukrainian system of education rapidly dwindled, the voivodship structures of the Ukrainian Socio-Cultural Association (US-CA ) were cancelled, and the traditional place names in the Polish-Ukrainian borderland were Polonized. Ukrainian activists decided to once again profit from the specific atmosphere of the period 1980–1981, favourable to grassroots societal activity, and implement the most significant postulates of their community (petitions formulated in Przemyśl and Szczecin). They firmly responded to the attempts by the communist authorities to discredit the Ukrainian minority on the nationalistic basis (case of the Member of Parliament Włodzimierz Oliwa). The younger generation attempted to form their own student organization modelled on the Independent Students’ Association. These efforts failed with the authorities’ refusal and imposition of the Martial Law. A lasting achievement of the period of so called “Solidarity” Carnival were fully legal Ukrainian Sections within the licensed student organizations (SZSP/ZSP), reconstruction of the voivodship structures of the US-CA, and improvement of their office housing conditions. It was a convenient starting point for the Ukrainian activists to take active part in the political transformation during the years 1989–1990.

Przemoc domowa wobec dzieci i młodzieży szkolnej na obszarach wiejskich, wiejsko-miejskich i miejskich Pomorza Zachodniego

Author(s): Sebastian Kołodziejczak,Albert Terelak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2021

Within Western Pomerania’s system of counteracting domestic violence a series of research studies have been carried out since 2015 into the scale of domestic violence against schoolchildren. The article discusses the results of analysis of five forms of violence (psychological violence, physical violence, neglect, economic violence, and sexual violence) in the rural, rural-urban, and urban areas. The research concept was implemented with the use of a representative sampling method by means of a questionnaire-based audit interview, and using a research tool developed to measure the social scale of the phenomenon of domestic violence experienced by schoolchildren. It was observed that the phenomenon of domestic violence against minors has reached the level of 48.2 per cent in the rural area, 51.8 per cent in the urban-rural area, and 65.5 per cent in the urban area. The most frequent form of violence is psychological violence which, depending of the area, reaches various levels: 42.4 per cent in the rural area, 51.3 per cent in the urban-rural area, and 60.5 per cent in the urban area. The remaining, less frequently observed forms of violence also reveal differentiation by area. 13.6 per cent of schoolchildren experience three or more forms of violence, which – because of the fact that in such a situation a victim is practically totally hurt – makes us ask the question whether this percentage constitutes a measure of family life pathology.

“Meka” i “tvrda” moć u islamskoj literaturi političkih saveta

Author(s): Vasileios Syros / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

This article explores how modern leadership theories revolving around the distinction between “soft” and “hard” power are prefigured in medieval Islamic political writing. In particular, it advances a new interpretation of Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s al-Fakhrī (On the Systems of Government and Muslim Dynasties, 701/1302), focusing on the Arab historian’s narrative about the factors that resulted in the decline of the ‘Abbasid Empire and the rise of the Mongols as a world power. It also discusses Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s ideas on good government, drawing links to other major Muslim political theorists and historians, notably Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ and Ibn Khaldūn. Finally, this study examines Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s views on successful and failed leadership in a cross-cultural context through comparison with Niccolò Machiavelli’s Prince.

Genezy upadków

Author(s): Julia Harasimowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

O roli ortografii w rozumieniu historii

Author(s): Piotr Herbich / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

THE UNSEEN FACES OF THE COMMUNIST NOMENCLATURE. ELEMENTS OF ORAL HISTORY (II)

Author(s): Vlad Ovidiu Cioacă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This article concentrates on the topic of communist nomenclature from the perspective of oral history. The approach is located at the intersection of three epistemic fields: historiography, sociology and social psychology. To begin with, we will sketch the historical context considered and we will take from the sociology of politics a series of theoretical frameworks to define the communist nomenclature. We considered it imperative to consult the ”key witnesses” of the exponents of targeted socio-political category, who provided us with ”first-hand” information about the reality they lived and built. We have identified two prominent members of the local structures of the Romanian Communist Party and conducted ”life story” interviews. We aimed to capture the way and the extent to which the subjects remember the events from their own biography that took place during the communist period and how these memories gained new meanings over time. We have also tried to get new details about the functioning of the party apparatus and the ”backstage” of power before 1989. The limits of the research represent the very small size of the investigated group, which consists of only two subjects, and the limitations of any interpretive approach in the category of ”life story”: selective memory, cognitive distortions, inability to separate personal truth from factual truth, etc. At the same time, we will try to supplement their testimonies with the memory of their victims regarding the communist nomenclature. However, we believe that the present research brings to light new perspectives to approach the old nomenclature, which can generate working hypotheses for large-scale research, based mainly on the analysis of social documents. The value of the interviews consists in the fact that the subjects were part of the communist repression forces, being also a confession of the acts committed against those who opposed the communization of the country, ”of the bandits”. It is the moment when, after 50 years of communism, the executioners really meet their victims, acknowledging the immense harm caused to society.

A BRIEF DOSSIER. MIGRATION AND FACTS: ROMANIA AND ITALY

Author(s): Samira Cîrlig,Alin Bulumac / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The migration phenomenon is gaining momentum in Romania’s recent history.Even though the official statistics are incomplete, the increasing trend cannot beoverlooked. One of the European countries where the Romanians could easily integratewas Italy, a country that became a favourite destination. Here, in 2019, the numbersshowed that more than 1.2 million137 Romanians officially migrated, from a total ofapprox. 10 millions 138 that are currently abroad, which means approx. 12.06%139 ofthe Romanian diaspora can be found in Italy. The data used in the present paper wasgathered from both official sources (statistical data published by the national statisticalinstitute, statistics of various associations, official statements, etc.) and unofficial ones,most of them highlighted by the media (secondary analysis). By analyzing the datacollected, we will try to reveal the magnitude of the phenomenon, and the social,economic, psychological, cultural, political and legal-administrative implications in acomparative manner: for both Romania and Italy. Thus, we will name the accumulationof these particular implications the Italian dossier of the Romanian emigration.

Теоретични основи на първата покупка в маркетинга

Author(s): Alexander Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

Consumer decision making as an important process in marketing sphere has been discussed in detail, but so far researchers as a rule have not focused the attention on how the purchase happens for the very first time. The current text is an attempt to develop the foundations and to make a conceptual framework of the first purchase in marketing and to outline its significance for current or future consumption, especially for the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG). Together with a review of the extent to which the first purchase is considered and interpreted in the academic tradition in the field (and in practice), an attempt has been made to outline it as a phenomenon, since it can have significant benefits for better understanding consumer behavior and the further improvement of marketing communications. With this regard, it can be assumed that the first purchase is the initial step of acquiring consumer experience, which determines whether the product will continue to be purchased or not. Of course, all this is largely valid for the b2c (business to consumer) markets, for the products for individual and household consumption, and for the b2b (business to business) ones the particularities may differ significantly and need to be a subject of additional research efforts.

Short notes

Author(s): Maciej Górny / Language(s): English Issue: 124/2021

Anna Janicka, Corinne Fournier Kiss, and Mariya Bracka (eds), Przemiany dyskursu emancypacyjnego kobiet [Changes in Women’s Emancipation Discourse], Series 1: Perspektywa środkowoeuropejska [The Central European Perspective], Białystok, 2019, Temida2, in cooperation with Wydział Filologiczny Uniwersytetu wBiałym-stoku and Katedra Badań Filologicznych „Wschód-Zachód”, 746 pp., bibliography, ills, portraits, English, French, Russian, Ukrainian sum., index of personal names; series: Przełomy/Pogranicza: Studia Literackie 27, Studia Kobiece 1 Anna Janicka, Corinne Fournier Kiss, and Barbara Olech (eds), Przemiany dyskursu emancypacyjnego kobiet [Changes in Women’s Emancipation Discourse], Series 2: Perspektywa polska [The Polish Perspective], Białystok, 2019, Temida 2, in cooperation with Wydział Filologiczny Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 729 pp., bibliography, ills, English, French, Russian, Ukrainian sum., index of personal names; series: Przełomy/Pogranicza: Studia Literackie 28, Studia Kobiece 2 Tomasz Kurpierz, Henryk Sławik 1894-1944. Biografia socjalisty [Henryk Sławik 1894-1944: Biography of a Socialist], Katowice-Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, 836 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, index of personal names, photographs Zbigniew Mentzel, Kołakowski. Czytanie świata. Biografia [Kołakowski: Reading the World. A Biography], Kraków, 2020, Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak, 509 pp., bibliography, index of persons, photographs Anna Marciniak-Kajzer, Rzeczy ludzi średniowiecza w domu [Medieval Household Objects], Łódź, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, ills, bibliography, list of abbreviations, 440 pp. Aleksandra Losik-Sidorska, Katalog Nagrobków Piastowskich/The Tombs of the Piast Dynasty, Poznań, 2020, Wydawnictwo Nau kowe UAM, photographs, ills, list of figures, 140 pp. Marian Rębkowski, Jak powstało Pomorze? Studium tworzenia państwowości we wczesnym średniowieczu [The Origins of Pomerania. A Study on theFormation of a State in the Early Middle Ages], Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, Muzeum Historii Polski w Warszawie, 228 pp., ills, bibliography, index of geographical and ethnical names, English sum. Szymon Wieczorek, Galla Anonima opowieść o królu Bolesławie i ubogim kleryku. Moraliter, anagogice, allegorice, historice [A Story about King Boleslaus and a Poor Cleric by Gallus Anonymus. Moraliter, Anagogice, Allegorice, Historice], Rzeszów, 2020, Publishing House of the University of Rzeszów, 148 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, list of sources, English sum. Małgorzata Dowlaszewicz, Diabeł w legendzie. Wyobrażenie diabła antropomorfi cznego w średniowiecznej literaturze niderlandzkiej [The Devil in Legend. The Image of the Anthropomorphic Devil in Medieval Dutch Literature], Wrocław, 2020, Oficyna Wydawnicza Atut, 153 pp., annex Anna Horeczy, Recepcja włoskiej kultury intelektualnej w krakowskim środowisku uniwersyteckim w drugiej połowie XIV i w pierwszej połowie XV wieku [Reception of Italian Intellectual Culture in the Cracow’s University Environment in the Second Half of the Fourteenth and First Half ofthe Fifteenth Century], Warszawa, 2021, Instytut Historii PAN, 459 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, list of tables and diagrams, index of persons, annexes, English sum. Jacek Pielas, Oleśniccy herbu Radwan w XV-XVII wieku. Z dziejów szlachty małopolskiej doby nowożytnej [The Oleśnicki Family of the Radwan Coat of Arms. From the History of the Gentry of Lesser Poland in the Early Modern Period], Kielce, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego, 186 pp., list of abbreviations, annex including source document edition, genealogical tables, cartographic material and photographs, bibliography, indexes of personal and geographical names Piotr Miodunka, Społeczność małych miast południowej Małopolski od końca XVI do końca XVIII wieku [The Community of Small Towns in Southern Lesser Poland from the Late Sixteenth to the Late Eighteenth Century], Kraków, 2021, Towarzystwo Auto rów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych ‘Universitas’, 553 pp., list of abbreviations, annexes, bibliography, lists of tables and diagrams, ills and list thereof, index of geographical names; series: Historia Życia Aleksandra Ziober, Postawy elit Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego wobec elekcji Władysława IV Wazy i Michała Korybuta Wiśniowieckiego [Attitudes of the Elites of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania towards the Elections of Ladislas IV Vasa and Michael I], Kraków, 2020, Wydawnictwo Księgarnia Akademicka, 332 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, English sum., index of personal names Bożena Popiołek, Dobrodziejki i klienci. Specyfika patronatu kobiecego i relacji klientalnych w czasach saskich [Benefactresses and Clients. Female Patronage and Clientelism in Saxon Times], Warszawa, 2020, Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie, 632 pp., ills, list of main archival abbreviations, bibliography, index of personal names, English sum. Urszula Kicińska, W tym osieroconym stanie. Pozycja wdowy w społe -czeństwie szlacheckim w Rzeczypospolitej (od schyłku XVII do połowy XVIII wieku) [In This Orphaned State. The Position of the Widow in the Noble Society ofthe Commonwealth (from the late seventeenth until the mid-eighteenth century)], Kraków, 2020, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego, 680 pp., list of main abbreviations, bibliography, English sum., index ofpersonal names; series: Prace Monograficzne – Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, 1001 Jarosław Kita and Maria Korybut-Marciniak (eds), Kariera w optyce prywatności [Career and Privacy], Łódź–Olsztyn, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 364 pp., selected bibliography; series: Życie prywatne Polaków w XIX wieku, 9 Monika Bednarczuk, Katarzyna Filutowska, Marta Kopij-Weiß, and Mirja Lecke, Kulturtransfer in der Provinz. Wilna als Ort deutscher Kultur und Wissenschaft (1803-1832), ed. by Monika Bednarczuk, Wies-baden, 2020, Harrassowitz Verlag, VI, 251 pp., bibliography, index Jakub Grudniewski, Pruska elita władzy na Górnym Śląsku 1871-1918 [The Prussian Political Elites in Upper Silesia, 1871-1918], Katowice, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 512 pp.,index of personal names, annexes, bibliography, English and German sum. Klaus Richter, Fragmentation in East Central Europe. Poland and the Baltics, 1915-1929, Oxford, 2020, Oxford University Press, 368 pp., ills, maps, index Zbigniew Girzyński, Jarosław Kłaczkow, Tomasz Łaszkiewicz, and Przemysław Olstowski (eds), „Zanim zbudowano Gdynię...”: wpływ odrodzenia państwa w 1918 roku na procesy modernizacyjne ziem polskich [Before Gdynia Was Built: How Poland’s Revival in 1918 Influenced Modernisation Processes in Its Territory], Toruń, 2020, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 361 pp., ills, index of persons; series: O Niepodległą i jej trwanie Ralph Schattkowsky, Osteuropaforschung in Polen 1918–1939, Wies-baden, 2019, Harrassowitz Verlag, XII, 342 pp., bibliography, index Dietmar Müller, Bodeneigentum und Nation. Rumänien, Jugoslawien und Polen im europäischen Vergleich, 1918-1948, Göttingen, 2020, Wallstein Verlag, 479 pp.; series: Moderne europäische Geschichte, 17 Sebastian Rosenbaum, Między katolicyzmem i nacjonalizmem: Związek Niemieckich Katolików w Polsce w województwie śląskim 1923-1939 [Between Catholicism and Nationalism: The‘Asso-ciation ofGerman Catholics in Poland’ in Silesian Voivodeship, 1923-39], Katowice-Warszawa, 2020, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, Oddział w Katowicach, 804 pp., bibliography, German sum., indices Zofia Zakrzewska, “Cukier krzepi”. Propaganda konsumpcji cukru w Polsce w latach 1925-1932 [Sugar Strengthens: Sugar Consumption Propaganda in Poland, 1925-1932], Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, 192 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, index of personal names, ills, photographs, English sum. Jarosław Tomasiewicz, W kierunku nacjokracji. Tendencje auto-rytarne, totalistyczne i profaszystowskie w polskiej myśli politycznej (1933–1939): narodowcy – narodowi radykałowie – narodowi socjaliści [Toward Nationcracy. Authoritarian, Totalistic, and Pro-fascist Trends in Polish Political Thought of1933–1939], Katowice, 2019, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 412 pp., bibliography, English and German sum., index; series: Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, 3822 Leon Rappaport, Komitet Pomocy Uchodźcom Polakom w Wilnie (19września 1939 - 1 stycznia 1941) [The Committee for Aiding Polish Refugees in Wilno (19 September 1939 to 1 January 1941)],ed. by Alicja Gontarek, Lublin 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 180 pp., bibliography, ills, index Carlos Alberto Haas, Das Private im Ghetto: Jüdisches Leben im deutsch besetzten Polen 1939 bis 1944, Göttingen, 2020,Wallstein Verlag, 370 pp.; series: Das Private im Nationalsozialismus, 3 Marek Barański, Wspomnienia 1943-1989 [Memoirs, 1943-1989], with foreword by Jan Żaryn, Warszawa, 2020, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 488 pp., index, ills Paweł Machcewicz and Andrzej Paczkowski, Wina, kara, polityka. Rozliczenia ze zbrodniami II wojny światowej [Crime, Punishment, Politics: Reckoning with the Second World War Crimes], Kraków, 2021, Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN, Wydawnictwo Znak Horyzont, 640 pp., list of abbreviations, bibliography, index of personal names, ills and sources thereof Anna Dobrowolska, Zawodowe dziewczyny. Prostytucja i praca seksualna w PRL [Professional Girls: Prostitution and Sex Work in the Polish People’s Republic], Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, 233 pp., bibliography, photographs, ills, index of personal names Michał Jarmuż, Problemy mieszkaniowe w PRL w latach siedem-dziesiątych XX wieku w świetle dokumentów osobistych [Housing Problem in the Polish People’s Republic in the 1970s in the Llight of Personal Documents], Warszawa, 2020, Instytut Historii PAN, 225 pp., bibliography, index of personal names Martyna Grądzka-Rejak and Jan Olaszek, Holokaust, pamięć, powielacz: zagłada Żydów i okupacyjne stosunki polsko-żydowskie w publikacjach drugiego obiegu w PRL [The Holocaust, Memory, and Duplicating Machines: The Extermination of the Jews and Polish-Jewish Relations during the Nazi Wartime Occupation in Underground Samizdat Publications in Communist Poland], Warszawa, 2020, Biblioteka „Więzi”, 279 pp., tables, ills Rafał Stobiecki, Historiografi a PRL. Zamiast podręcznika [Polish Historiography of the Communist Period: An Alternative to a Textbook], Łódź, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 289 pp., index of personal names, bibliography and biographical lexicon ofthe Polish historians of the 1945-89 period.