Public administration reforms in Poland

Author(s): Andrzej Zybała / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Over the last centuries, public administration in Poland shared the plight of the Polish state. Starting from around the mid-seventeenth century, Poland as a country has been losing the ability to sustain independence. At the end of the XVIII century, it lost sovereignty to Russia, Prussia and Austria (the so-called third partition of the country occurred in 1795). It regained its independence only after the First World War. The reason for the collapse of the state in 1795 is, among others, the fact that the ruling classes have failed to forge a modern model of public administration. There were many reasons for that. At the time the dominance of the nobility was a factor of great importance, especially when it comes to powerful magnates (active mainly in agriculture), who subordinated the state and its institutions as well as blocked the formation of professional civil service. Ruling circles of the day lacked the ability to produce modern state structures, including the ability to create the conditions for a professional clerical personnel. Not even the clear structures of the state were created (Bystroń 1976).

Conclusions

Author(s): Jarosław Ćwiek-Karpowicz,Dariusz Kałan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The forthcoming years should prove the strategic importance of gas. The gradual replacement of coal as part of the effort to meet the requirements of EU legislation, the growing number of plants producing subsided biogas, and the dramatic changes introduced by the dawning of unconventional gas in North America have created a window of opportunity for natural gas to become a fully-fledged energy resource. The role of gas in Europe will also increase when plans for re-industrialisation—seen by many as a crucial factor to prop up the EU economy—are implemented, since the main sector that consumes gas has been traditionally industry. These are the reasons for why one may predict that in Central Europe in the next 15 to 20 years, the share of natural gas in the overall energy mix will remain rather stable, and may even increase.

Seznam zdrojů

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

English Summary

Author(s): Hubert Smekal,Ivo Pospíšil / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this final chapter, we briefly summarise the main points raised in the preceding chapters, in order to locate overlaps and common insights. Readers accustomed to turning to the Conclusion right away, pondering subsequently whether it makes sense to read the whole volume, therefore face a much easier task. All contributions are recapitulated here, and we leave it to the reader whether to delve deeper. The book consists basically of two main parts: The first one includes chapters covering the issue of conflict between law and politics on the domestic level, while the second one is concerned with the international realm. As regards the former, our contributors predominantly deal with the problem of legitimacy of the kind of judicial activity whose impact extends well beyond mere passing decisions on individual legal cases; in particular, they focus on the activity of the Czech Constitutional Court.

Parlament EU, savjet ministara eu, evropski savjet

Author(s): Dušan Lopandić / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Evropski savjet (ES) je nastao 1974. godine na inicijativu tadašnjeg francuskog predsjednika Pompindua. On je dugo funkcionisao kao jedno ad hoc tijelo političkog karaktera, kao međuvladina konferencija koja se sastajala svaki semestar, da bi tek kasnije prerasla u nešto što je uključeno u sistem institucija EU.

THREE FAMILIES OF CRISES SUPERPOSED, INTERDEPENDENT AND MUTUAL INTERFERING IN THE CORONAVIRUS CRISIS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Iulian Chifu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Coronavirus or Covid-19 pandemic has launched a health crisis with an important impact by accelerating three categories of crises: the dormant and rampant ones that were here long before this crises; the correlated crisis coming from the pandemic explosion and the ways to limit its impact; and the independent crisis, not directly related by Covid-19 but prompted and accelerated by the pandemic. As a result, this lead to a maximum complication for the decision makers since it created overnight premises for a completely different International Relations Perspective. The scenarios for the world of tomorrow and the possible arrangement for a global governance are the aims of our study.

CAPITALISM: WHERE TO?

Author(s): Ionel Stoica / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Mankind is at present at a crossroad, and this fact is valid from a political, economic and social viewpoint. Strong and opposed political and social forces, by the goals they seek, are engaged into a though competition, whose result will decide the way of life for several future generations. From the political point of view, the battle takes place between democracies, on the one hand, and the autocratic regimes, on the other hand. As for the economic and social aspects, the battle develops between the super-rich or the dominant class, and those who struggle to survive. Another facet of this last aspect is represented by the competition that is being carried out between the free market capitalism, combined with the liberal democracy, and the state capitalism, often associated with the illiberal or autocratic political regimes. This paper intends to present and explain the factors that underpin the success of the state capitalism, the way that free market capitalism and the state capitalism coexist at present, as well as the potential for conflict that can appear between the two models of capitalism, with its consequences for global stability. Understanding these aspects is important because the two models of capitalism support distinct models of development and security. We will be focusing more on the state capitalism because we consider that this represents an important force that will shape the global economy in a significant way during the following decades.

MEASURING GOVERNANCE AND ASSESSING TRENDS IN DEMOCRACY DURING TIMES OF PANDEMIC

Author(s): Alexandra SARCINSCHI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Bringing to attention the main theoretical landmarks regarding the national governance is a necessity since there are heated debates on the role of the state in the management of phenomena that transcend its borders such as international migration and the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the paper aims to carry out a non-exhaustive analysis, but focused on recent trends in the study of governance, correlating them with the latest events and determining phenomena that manifest themselves in the international security environment. The goal is to determine whether or not and to identify how the pandemic has influenced governance as a whole, the decline of democracy in particular, as well as national security, especially in the case of European states.

Cyber Diplomacy and Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges

Author(s): Alexandra-Cristina DINU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The application of AI in cyber diplomacy offers promising prospects for enhancing international cybersecurity efforts. AI can analyze extensive data sets and uncover patterns that may indicate cyber threats. This can equip governments and organizations with a deeper understanding of the nature and scope of cyber threats, thereby facilitating more effective responses. Additionally, AI can enable the creation of automated threat detection and response systems, thereby reducing response times and improving the overall efficacy of cybersecurity measures. Furthermore, AI can facilitate the development of predictive models that can anticipate potential cyber threats before they materialize, further enhancing the ability to address cybersecurity challenges.

APLICAREA LEGISLAȚIEI UE ÎN MATERIE DE AFACERI INTERNE ÎN ROMÂNIA

Author(s): Melania Păușan / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

As an EU member, Romania must applies the rules of the Union in all areas covered by it, including home affairs, in order to provide Romanian citizens and European citizens with the assurance of fundamental rights and freedoms. This paper aims to address Romania’s obligation to apply EU law in the police field from two perspectives: The advantages of a uniform framework for the application of regulations on this subject, but also the challenges resulting from the need to include them at national level. As a novelty element and with the conviction that the academic environment is a good one for debates, I intend to integrate in the proposed paper information obtained from the dialog conducted through artificial intelligence in the form of ChatGPT, As a result of the controversies raised in the academic world and to identify whether artificial intelligence of this type can formulate pertinent arguments regarding the application of EU home affairs legislation in Romania.

SISTEMUL DE LECȚII ÎNVĂȚATE LA NIVELUL ALIANȚEI NORD-ATLANTICE

Author(s): Stefan Săvulescu,Ivan Lucian / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Through the system of lessons identified, those features can be identified that have the potential to make the work of security organisations more effective. In this context, a viable lessons learned system has been adapted and implemented at NATO level and has become a fundamental strategic component of the management system responsible for organisational development. The implementation of the Lessons Learned System at the level of the Ministry of Internal Affairs arose also from the need to have a mechanism that would allow the transfer of knowledge in an efficient and rapid way to all staff, against the background of a particular staff dynamic, the model being mainly the one adopted at NATO level that has proven successful over time. The lessons learnt system at Ministry of Internal Affairs level has been institutionally adapted from the one developed at NATO level, which was previously taken over also by the Ministry of National Defence. Lessons learned implemented on the basis of the NATO model are of value through their use in: the planning of actions carried out by military organisations and those responsible for maintaining, ensuring and restoring public order; ensuring interoperability between the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of National Defence; the development of operational, procedural and technical standards; the field of logistical procurement; the field of education.

ABORDAREA SISTEMULUI MANAGERIAL ÎN CONTEXTUL ACTUAL -RISCURI ȘI AMENINȚĂRI LA ADRESA ORDINII PUBLICE ȘI A SIGURANȚEI NAȚIONALE

Author(s): Irina Bakhaya / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

It is known that threats, risks and dangers have transnational valences, so that what happens externally can have rapid consequences in the internal plan of national security, generating effects in the plan of regional and even global security. In Romania, the national system for ensuring public order includes the whole formed by legislation, public administration authorities and bodies, specially created and trained forces and resources, which act to guarantee the rights and freedoms of citizens, the protection of public and private property and the normal functioning of the rule of law. In this article I highlighted the fact that the new emerging risks and threats force the managerial system to adapt and find the most appropriate methods that allow it to act proactively in order to reduce potential events with an impact on public order and national security.

MIHAI CARAMAN – SPION DE ELITĂ ÎN INTELLIGENCE-UL ROMÂNESC

Author(s): Rodica-Cristina BĂLAN Liseanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The profile of a spy of calibre in the history of Romanian intelligence is the focus of a qualitative meta-analysis that proposes to focus attention on his professional performance recorded in successful operations. It is unfair to place his world-class work in the background and to highlight the ideas that he damaged NATO, that he was manipulated by the French intelligence services for the benefit of the Russians. The hypothesis is structured around the research question: is Mihai Caraman a victim of history or not? Suspicions are woven around the good French-Romanian relations during the De Gaulle regime, Caraman can boast a prodigious intelligence gathering activity. His indisputable merits build and maintain a leader of vocation, affirmed in the creation and coordination of the Network that bears his name.

ORDINEA PUBLICĂ ȘI SIGURANȚA CETĂȚEANULUI

Author(s): Nicolae-Cătălin Dănilă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

At the center of the concerns of the public authorities are public order and the safety of the citizen, as major benchmarks that condition the proper functioning of the competent state bodies. A particularly important place is occupied by ensuring and maintaining public order and public security, the administration of bodies whose attributions include the defense of the political regime, the interests of citizens, measures that contribute to the execution of laws and court decisions, good coexistence in society, as well as good functioning of state services. Moreover, public order is a state of law and fact that allows the achievement of the balance based on the social consensus necessary for the optimal functioning of the social whole under the conditions of internal legal regulations, consecrating the defense and respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, public and private property, to the other supreme values, in order to promote and affirm social progress in a democratic society. Ensuring public order represents an essential requirement of internal stability that guarantees the provision of conditions corresponding to the establishment of a state governed by law. Of particular importance in the performance of the function of guaranteeing and ensuring public order, the security of the person and society is the coordination activity of the bodies meant to ensure public order.In other words, ensuring public order is a social necessity, carried out through specific activities of special bodies - public order forces, which represent authorities holding powers and attributions in matters of public order and which, by law and other normative acts, are confers tasks in the exercise of the state police right.

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PROJECT FOR AN IG 541 GAS EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATION

Author(s): Cătălin Opriță / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the hydraulic calculation of an IG 541 extinguishing system, we can distinguish the evolution of several physical quantities, within the dimensionally configured installation, such as pressure, flow rate, temperature. In a non-compliant hydraulic calculation, we can identify several errors. These calculation errors, but also the use of non-compliant materials, because of wrong calculations, can lead to critical situations. Considering that the IG 541 inert gas extinguishing installations are intended for the protection of vitally vulnerable spaces, such as mobile telecommunications centers, control units, banking centers, museums, archives and many such spaces, the requirements must be considered regarding the continuity of the activity, and the calculation errors must be zero.

Urážka prezidenta republiky po roce 1945 až do současnosti

Author(s): Pavel Vetešník / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the definition of the legal regulation of insult of the President of the Republic and its punishment in the territory of the Czech Republic after 1945 up to the present. Due to the fact that such a definition has not always been made exclusively by legislation of a criminal law nature, the contribution will also focus on legislation of an administrative and private nature. During the elaboration of the contribution, mainly explanatory memoranda to the laws that introduced, changed or deleted the legal regulation of insulting the President of the Republic will be drawn. Periodical comments explaining the individual starting points of these legal regulations and related case law will also be a necessary helper. This will show an overall view of the legal regulation of insults of the President of the Republic in the period under review.

Анализ на степента на реална конвергенция на икономиката на България с икономиките на страните-членки на Европейския съюз през периода 2017–2022 г.

Author(s): Aglika Kaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In this paper the degree of real convergence of the Bulgarian economy with the European economy has been assessed by analyzing some of the indicators of real convergence such as price level, GDP per capita and labour productivity. Major economic indicators for Bulgaria in the period 2017 – 2022 have been examined.

Национални планове за възстановяване и устойчивост – цели, приоритети и изпълнение

Author(s): Angel Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged at the beginning of the current decade has negatively affected European economies. As a result, various instruments have been developed within the European Union to provide support to member states in dealing with the social and economic consequences of this pandemic. The present study focuses on the analysis of the purposes, policies and current results of the Recovery and Resilience Facility and the national plans financed through this instrument.

Опитът на Чили в развитието на осигурителен модел за безработица, основан на индивидуални сметки

Author(s): Kremena Choutilova-Yochkolovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The focus of this report is to uncover and trace Chile’s experience in building and refining a fully funded unemployment insurance model. The review provided an insight into the architecture of the unemployment insurance system based on individual savings accounts and how it is harmonized with the unemployment solidarity fund. Emphasis has been added on the organizational structure and changes that have taken place over the years in order the insurance model to be improved.

Политическата инфлация

Author(s): Ivan Stoychev Vinarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In this report we analyze the phenomenon of “political inflation” through the prism of the classical understanding of the essence of inflation, established in economic science. We define inflation in politics and determine its four possible dimensions. We focused only on the first of these in search of a quantitative measure to measurement the cost (value) of electoral outcomes for mandated positions. The time frame is concentrated on the period of the current political crisis in our country – from 4th April 2021 to 31st December 2023. Finally, we take the view that the only relatively suitable indicator for the proposes of the analysis is the value of the daily allowance for one parliamentary mandate.