"Care Drain". Explaining Bias in Theorizing Women's Migration

Author(s): Speranţa Dumitru / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Migrant women are often stereotyped. Some scholars associate the feminization of migration with domestic work and criticize the “care drain” as a new form of imperialism that the First World imposes on the Third World. However, migrant women employed as domestic workers in Northern America and Europe represent only 2% of migrant women worldwide and cannot be seen as characterizing the “feminization of migration”. Why are migrant domestic workers overestimated? This paper explores two possible sources of bias. The first is sampling: conclusions about “care drain” are often generalized from small samples of domestic workers. The second stems from the affect heuristic: imagining children left behind by migrant mothers provokes strong feelings of injustice which trump other considerations. The paper argues that neither source of bias is unavoidable and finds evidence of gender stereotypes in the “care drain” construal.

"Francuski socijalistički eksperiment" - od željenog do mogućeg socijalizma

Author(s): Ognjen Pribičević / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 02/1989

The electoral victory of French socialists and the establishment of a socialist government in France brought new hope and new expectations not only to French, but also to all European progressive and socialistically oriented forces, concerning the possibilities of more radical social and political reforms even though capitalism continues to rule beyond that country’s borders. Special interest was provoked by the ideas of French Socialists, which were also proposed in the electoral program, relating to the nationalization of the greater part of private firms and to the inclusion of members of the French Communist Party into the government. Although it fulfilled a large part of its electoral promises of 1981, the Socialist Party of France was defeated in the 1986 elections. The author points to the main reason for this failure and also indicates the main changes which have taken place in French society since the beginning of the 1980s.

"Odljev mozgova" iz Jugoslavije

Author(s): Silva Mežnarić,Ivan Grdešić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1990

Research into the emigration of highly educated labour, experts, and scientists from Yugoslavia to highly developed countries is intended to serve as an analytical basis for the creation of a policy and of means for the study and decrease of brain drain. Brain drain is a low-structured problem with a variety of causes and opposed values, to which there are no simple, fast, and final solutions. The authors present the main statistical data on the size and the dynamics of the brain drain and the basic motives and causes of this type of migration. The policy's purpose is to transform the one-direction drain into circulation of scientists and scientific information.

"Radno društvo" u jugoslavenskoj koncepciji upravljanja

Author(s): Mirjana Kasapović / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1985

The Yugoslav ideological-theoretical concept of self-management does not provide any explicit definition of labour as the new constitutive principle of the community in the manner this is done in some other theories of the so-called council tradition ; nevertheless, its place in the system is indisputably of that character. There are three fundamental ideological-political conditions, as well as non- sequences, of the adoption of the concept »work constitution of the society»: (1) a reconstitution of the concept »the people», (2) a redefinition of the concept »the people», and (3) a redefinition of the concept »the working class». This procedure is found to be meaningful from a theoretical and ideological aspect as well as from the point of view of the political system. A critical scrutiny of the concept »the work society» requires the analysis of the internal consistency of the model and of the basic logical postulates of the concept »the work society» in general.

"Realistička" teorija u nauci međunarodnih odnosa

Author(s): Radoslav Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 03/1967

Among theories which international relations view through the strength and struggle of political powers for predominance, there have separated "realistic" theories appeared in the USA after world war II. These theories separate themselves by explanation of the utmost cause which causes that power is fundamental determinant of the behaviour of states in international relations.

"Socijalističko svjetsko tržište" i "socijalistički svjetski sistem privrede" (Shvaćanje socijalizma kao svjetskog procesa u literaturi nekih socijalističkih zemalja)

Author(s): Bogdan Ćosić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 01-02/1966

Sve je više indikacija da se kapitalističko svjetsko tržište nalazi u fazi raspadanja. Osnovni element razaranja kapitalističkog svjetskog tržišta jeste činjenica da se odnosi koji se danas na njemu uspostavi jaju više ne stvaraju isključivo na osnovu kapitala. Samim tim i svjetsko kapitalističko tržište, kao izraz procesa kapitala, gubi svoj značaj.

"Uvjerenje i ustav": Napomene o jednome ne samo hegelovskom problemu

Author(s): Ludwig Siep / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1988

The central problem of Hegel’s philosophy of law is how to unite the convictions of different individuals into the common will permanently directed towards achieving the common good. Hegel finds the solution in relating convictions to social roles. This pluralism of roles is reconciled with the loyalty to the constitution through a free development of group behaviour and the institutional linkage of private, group and common interests on all the levels of social organization. It was difficult for Hegel to anticipate that the private views could be mediated through common will owing to political organizations.

"Zapadnjačko jezero" i ulazak Španjolske u NATO

Author(s): Radovan Pavić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1978

U međunarodnoj politici (i politici općenito) relevantna su samo dva sadržaja: interes i moć, tj. odnosi snaga. Ali, kako snaga nema apsolutni karakter, javlja se i niz drugih nezaobilaznih faktora — među takve valja ubrojiti naročito ekonomiku i geopolitiku.

"Хибридната война“ в българските медии

Author(s): Ralitsa Kovacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2019

The article presents the results of an empirical study on the use of the term 'hybrid war' (and its analogs) in Bulgarian media. It is focused on the use of the concept in meanings and contexts different from those implied by the existing definitions. The study covers the first five months of 2019. The publications in Bulgarian online media are selected through the news aggregation and analysis system 'European Media Monitor' (EMM). The results show that, in certain cases, the concept is not only used with different meanings, but some derivative concepts are created by the media such as 'hybrid propaganda' or 'hybrid content'

#Nohate! Използват ли политиците език на омразата в рамките на предизборната кампания на европейски избори 2019?

Author(s): Stoyanka Balova,Gabriela Velichkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1-2/2019

This article is the result of a media monitoring conducted in the run-up to the 2019 European elections. Led by the maxim that “dialogue is at the root of democratic governance,” we decided to trace whether Bulgarian politicians used elements of hate speech during the campaign for European elections in 2019 and how was this reflected in the media.The monitoring of keywords and messages reflecting the crisis with the political speech and use of abusive vocabulary in Bulgaria was carried out during the hot phase of the election campaign of the European elections from 26th April to 25th May 2019. For this purpose, we followed the morning blocks of the three national televisions, the main political programs, the evening issues, as well as the deliberately organized debates within the BNT, BTV and Nova TV. The subject of the study was the information published in 22 electronic editions of major national daily newspapers and news agencies.The social networks “Facebook” and “Twitter” were also subject to moni- toring as they are one of the main conductors and distributors of hate speech to different groups of people and are increasingly being used as an information channel by politicians who want their messages to reach as quickly as possible a wide range of people.

(R)evolution – the concept of political transformations in ancient Greece

Author(s): Anna Ceglarska / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2019

This paper presents the evolution and revolution as important factors of the constitutional changes in Greek philosophy. It contains an analysis of the terminology, selected political theories, as well as the necessity and diversity of changes. It is meant to establish the systemic sources of revolution and answer the question whether the revolution and evolution factors were essential for constitutional changes according to the ancients and can those theories still be considered as valid.

(Не)Проведените избори в Република Северна Македония – задълбочи ли Covid-19 политическата криза?

Author(s): Ivan Vinarov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1-2/2020

This article traces the emergence and development of another major political crisis in the Republic of Northern Macedonia, as well as the options for overcoming it as a result of the parliamentary elections and the process offorming a new government. This is a continuous cycle, referred as “stability in instability”. Overcoming the crisis will not be enough, but rather will lead to another situation of “stability in instability”. Moreover, the pandemic caused by COVID–19 prolongs the crisis but does not play a fundamental role regarding the (in)stability of the political system in our southwestern neighbour.

<< L’écrivain de parti >>. L’École de Littérature et Critique littéraire << Mihai Eminescu >>

Author(s): Lucia Dragomir / Language(s): French / Issue: 4/2004

9/11: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EVENT THAT CHANGED THE ENTIRE WORLD

Author(s): Paul V. Miu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

THE AUTHOR EXAMINES THE 9/11 SUICIDE ATTACKS OF 9/11, ATTACKS ORCHESTRATED BY THE INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUP, AL-QAEDA AGAINST SEVERAL TARGETS IN THE UNITED STATES; THESE ARE THE WORST TERRORIST ATTACKS ON AMERICAN TERRITORY IN US HISTORY TO DATE, AND HAVE CAUSED BOTH A RECORD NUMBER OF CASUALTIES, IMMEASURABLE MATERIAL DAMAGE AND TRIGGERED A HUGE EFFORT BY THE US, TOGETHER WITH INTERNATIONAL COALITIONS TO FIGHT TERRORISM, IN A SO-CALLED "WAR ON TERROR". THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS IS CALLED "ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS" AND AIMS TO FILTER INFORMATION IN THE MOST EFFICIENT AND COHERENT WAY TO DRAW RELEVANT CONCLUSIONS. THE AUTHOR EXPLAINS THE CAUSAL FACTORS THAT LED TO THE ABOMINABLE TERRORIST ATTACKS, ANALYZING SEVERAL CONSPIRACY THEORIES LAUNCHED IN PUBLIC SPACE ON THE MOTIVATIONS AND PERPETRATORS OF THE ATTACKS AND PRESENTING PERSONAL VIEWS ON A POSSIBLE GLOBAL SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM INDUCED BY THE TERRORIST PHENOMENON.

A Civil Law Perespective on the Supreme Court and its Functions

Author(s): Aleš Galič / Language(s): English / Issue: 81/2019

The text presents the issue of the Supreme Court’s functions from the perspective of civil law countries. The author argues that the division into cassation, revision and appeal is not an adequate point of reference enabling to define those functions. The author asserts that the most important criterion is whether the Supreme Court acts overwhelmingly in public or private interest. The assessment of that criterion should be made on the basis of the methods of selection of cases by the Supreme Court. What is essential is whether the selection is based on public aims or whether it simply aims at solving a given case accurately. It may be argued that as a result of reforms introduced in the last few years, the majorityof civil law countries have focusedon the implementation of the public rather than private functions. The author concludes that the public function of supreme courts is of a completely different significance than in the times of socialism. The public interest is combined with private interest as it refers to the situation of parties – not parties to the specific proceedings, but all parties which are going to engage in litigation in the future.

A Conceptual History of Political Regimes: Democracy, Dictatorship, and Authoritarianism

Author(s): Adam Przeworski / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The labels we attach today to distinguish political regimes have histories. Applying them without understanding these histories is sometimes anachronistic and ethnocentric. I have little new to say about “democracy” and “dictatorship”, so that the discussion of these concepts is just a reminder. “Authoritarianism”, however, is a dubious neologism. I advance two claims: (1) In all regimes the power to command and be obeyed entails some dose of reason-giving, (2) What distinguishes regimes is the form and the extent to which the authority of rulers is monopolised by physical force. I conclude that the concept of “authoritarianism” adds little to the distinction between democracy and dictatorship.

A kárpátaljai magyar szórvány típusai, tagolási lehetőségei

Author(s): Patrik Tátrai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2020

The Hungarian term “szórvány” (literally: diaspora, but its meaning can be interpreted as scattered minority communities in the majority population) has been used for a long time to differentiate transborder Hungarian communities according to their location and assimilation trajectories. Up until now only a few attempts have been made to group and typify communities labelled as “szórvány”. This is especially true for Transcarpathian, Ukraine, where those living as “szórvány” communities makes up approximately one quarter of the total Hungarian population of the region. However, the idea of “szórvány” is quite ambiguous, and there is no consensus on its exact definition. Based on both quantitative data analysis and qualitative methods (fieldworks since 2018), the present study aims at giving an overview about how the “szórvány” has been defined and differentiated in Transcarpathia and what the possible factors are that characterize the main types of there Scattered community cluster. We found that although the role of structural features like distance from the relatively contiguous Hungarian settlement area (“block”), ethnic proportions between majority and minority populations, rural-urban settings the allochthonous-autochthonous dichotomy and, local special characteristics are crucial to understanding differences in development paths.

A magyar kisebbséget képviselő pártok választási sikeressége (1990–2004)

Author(s): Alpár Zoltán Szász / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1-2/2006

The main goal of this paper is to examine how the institutional distribution of political power within the party system of a country affects the share of power that can be captured by a minority on national level. (Such an approach relies on the empirical observation that in most parts of the world ethnic/national minorities compete for /political/ resources through the parties that claim to represent them.) To accomplish its task, the paper draws on theories of comparative government and party system theory, while targeting–as sample–post-Communist countries bordering Hungary and featuring Hungarian minorities, i.e., Croatia, Romania, Serbia–Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine. Parties representing Hungarian minorities are analysed in order to provide a tentative institutional(ist) explanation of the electoral success of ethnoregionalist parties. The account focuses on systemic variables making up the participation dimension of political systems, more precisely, the nature of the electoral system (used for electing the lower chamber of national legislatures) and party system format. Apart from delineating a theoretical framework that helps to disentangle the relationship between the three variables, the paper offers a (new) definition of ethnoregionalist parties, too, as a means for delimiting their larger―for instance, all-European―universe. Moreover, it presents the theoretical basis of a triple test designed for (dis)proving the ethnoregionalist character of political organisations and performs it on twenty-eight Hungarian political organisations to show that only twenty-one qualify as ethnoregionalist (parties). Finally, the paper concludes that party system fragmentation is indeed a salient factor of ethnoregionalist electoral success. However, the quantitative method employed herein failed to confirm the strong, expected theoretical relationship between electoral system proportionality and the dependent variable. Hence, the paper hints, as directions for future research, to other possibilities for exploring the latter relationship.

A MAN IN THE SPOTLIGHT: OLEG PENKOVSKY AND HIS ALLEGIANCE TO THE WEST

Author(s): Alin Dreptate / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Prior to the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, a GRU officer named Oleg Penkovsky attempted to contact the West multiple times. He did it to such an extent that initially he was regarded as a provocateur. After his recruitment, Penkovsky was handled by a joint team of CIA-MI6 team and provided information that compromised the Soviet intelligence operations in Western countries. He also helped identify the operational readiness of nuclear missiles deployed by the Soviets in Cuba. Officially, his role was in equal parts exaggerated and downplayed by the UK and the Soviet Union. The former sought to protect the sensitive information that was obtained, the latter attempted to limit the damage he caused. Conflicting accounts identified him as either a Soviets plant or as someone who saved the West and the world. This article presents the reasons that determined him to choose the West over his own country; it discusses some of the accusations he was subjected to, particularly those that claimed he was working for the Soviets the whole time he spied for the West. Finally, it attempts to explain the importance of the information provided prior to the Cuban crisis. All these arguments support the assessment that Penkovsky was a genuine spy who offered his services to the West.

A Matter of Pure Conscience? Franz Wieacker and his “Conceptual Change” [CRITIQUE]

Author(s): Tomasz Giaro / Language(s): English / Issue: 82/2020

Based on a recent biography of Franz Wieacker (1908–1994) two central questions are examined. Is it allowed to analyze a young, but already prominent German law professor of the Nazi era as a pure scholar whose identity remained unchanged from the times of Weimar to the Federal Republic of Germany? Is it plausible to treat the Nazis as progenitors of current European legal history, and in particular as founding fathers of European legal tradition?