"ETHICS BY MOVIE". AN ALTERNATIVE ETHICS TRAINING METHOD FOR FUTURE PROFESSIONALS. A PILOT STUDY AMONG ROMANIAN STUDENTS

Author(s): Daniela Tatiana AGHEORGHIESEI (CORODEANU),Vladimir POROCH / Language(s): English / Issue: 53/2016

The paper presents the results of an empirical research that explored the opinion of Romanian students from four different professional Master’s Degree programs, on the impact of applying the method that we have called “Ethics by Movie” (creating the students’ own video scenarios on an ethical topic in teams) on substantiating ethical knowledge, ethical attitude and ethical behavior. The final sample consisted of 395 respondents. The students appreciate several advantages of the above mentioned teaching and learning method (”an ideal practice for understanding a theoretical concept”, ”an interactive method of learning” that helped them ”to acquire ethical concepts more easily or to reflect more deeply on the importance which must be given to ethical behavior, on the consequences of unethical behavior”, etc). Our study might prove to be useful due to the fact that it revives attention to a complementary teaching method that can contribute to increasing awareness of the ethical issues around us, to learning ethical concepts in a more substantiated manner, to the need to solve the ethical dilemmas related to the fact that we must be solidarity in the fight against unethical actions and that, through everything we do, we can send out own ethical message.

"GERMAN WORLD" OR THE ORIGINAL CULTURE: SWISS-GERMAN CULTURAL RELATIONS IN 1930-1940

Author(s): Dmytro Vedenieiev,Victoriya Pechyborshch / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

The objectives are to analyze the development of the relations in the sphere of the culture between Switzerland and Germany in the 1930-40’s and to determine the reasons for termination of the cultural dialogue between the countries after the arrival of national socialists in German and conditions of its recovery after the Second World War. The historical-genetic and comparative methods were chosen for the study. With the use of the historical-genetic method, the evolution of the German-Swiss cultural relations in the first half of the XX c. was explored. Appeal to the comparative method has enabled to draw the conclusions about the features of the bilateral cultural relations between Switzerland and Germany in the period between the two world wars, during the war of 1939 – 1945 and post-war years. Scientific novelty of the proposed article is that for the first time in Ukrainian historiography an attempt to explore the development of the cultural relations between Switzerland and Germany in 1930 – 40's was made. Conclusions. The main reasons of the Swiss efforts to withdraw from the involvement in the German cultural world in the late 1930's – 40's were memories of the First World War, when the conflict between the French and German communities had put in jeopardy the peace within the Swiss society, and a desire not to create the pretext for the global public accusations against Switzerland of its involvement in the crimes of the national socialists, which could raise doubts about the issue of Swiss neutrality. The background for the restoration of the cultural dialogue between the countries was the desire of Swiss to support the formation of a new democratic regime in the neighboring country, which was realized through the activities of both individual private artistic associations and institutions, and the work of the Swiss diplomacy, which through the analysis of the cultural situation of the particular German states was searching for the potential areas and ways of cooperation.

"ВІДКРИТА ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ": ДО ПОСТАНОВКИ ПРОБЛЕМИ

Author(s): Oleksandr Benzyuk / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 4/2014

Art of the end of the XX – the beginning of the XXI centuries, art of postmodernism and post-postmodernism is characterized by a specific system of world perception. The content and form of the art work in contemporary art is deliberately ambiguous. It has led to the situation when the text of the modern work contains a large number of potential meanings. None of these meanings can be dominant. So the text in contemporary art represents only a field of possibilities. The actualisation of the interpretations of the text depends on the recipient (the interpreter).U. Eco, a famous Italian philosopher, writer and social activist was the first who paid his attention to the issue of "the open literary work". Nowadays there is an insufficient number of investigations in which the specificity of "open interpretation" of modern art works, including Ukrainian, is thoroughly analyzed. That’s the reason of this research relevance.In this research, it is proved that the "open interpretation" is based on "the projects of postmodernism."The analysis of scientific literature on the problem of interpretation gives the right to ascertain that the term "interpretation" is formed as a result of a long and complex process of the formation of logical methods that have evolved toward to a consistent increase of the degree of their complexity from a simple description, explanation and interpretation to the clear cut logical operation. However, the use of "clear cut logical operation" with regard to the works of art created during the period of postmodernism and post-postmodernism (or postculture) is not possible for objective reasons, because it's a culture of "rhizomes" , which is characterized by the non-linearity, the absence of structure, multiplicity and discontinuity.The nature of "open interpretation" is a brief description of the most representative projects of postmodernism such as "textual", "nomadologic" and "schizoanalytic".The "textual project" involves (or includes) deconstruction, intertextuality, "pastiche". In this project the text is reconstructed into a structure so that its restoration in the original form is impossible, not important, unnecessary, because the recipient is given an opportunity to "construct" and reconstruct the text according to his own understanding.In the "nomadologic project" postmodernism refuses to consider history as a regular linear process and stresses the random, credible, subjective character of the interpretation of historic events. Therefore, it appears natural for postmodernism to reject the principle of the universality of the historical development of the progress idea.The "schizoanalytic project" is based on the tradition of psychoanalysis. Postmodern art explores and creates a picture of the world that is not "tied" to the rigid models, which means that the work of art becomes "open". "Open" works of art as if invite the recipient to create a work together with its author. A "modern text" contains a large number of potential meaning, none of which can be dominant. In this situation there is a need for an "open interpretation" that allows to expand the limits of the interpreter.

(Christian) Bioethical Dilemmas in Using Synthetic Biology and Nanotechnologies

Author(s): Antonio Sandu,Ana Caras (Frunza) / Language(s): English / Issue: 35/2013

Ethical dilemmas raised by the use of nanotechnology in medical practice can be viewed from several perspectives: religious spiritualist perspective, the perspective of human dignity (nanotechnologies can be thought of as an affront to human dignity), the issue of controversial choice. The article aims to expose some bioethical dilemmas in using synthetic biology and nanotechnologies. Nowadays is often brought into discussion the fact it is possible to appear in the future new human species resulted not via natural selection and evolution, but through the demiurgic effect of technology development in areas such as: synthetic biology, genetics, neurobiology and neurosciences, prosthesis technology and not least of artificial intelligence research. We will also refer into this paper at the possible raised challenges to ethicists who are oriented towards an ethics of species. Those challenges are raised right from the dawn of a consciousness of species, a social construction generated by changes of the meaning of belonging to humanity. During our article we argue that medical technology, especially genetics, medical assisted human reproduction and not least synthetic biology, require a rethinking ethical meanings of applying those technologies in everyday practices.

(META)ETYKA A FILOZOFIA PRAWA

Author(s): Monika Zalewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 26/2014

In this paper I have focused on methodological problems of ethics and legal philosophy. My main goal was to determine relation between meta-ethics and legal philosophy. In the first part I tried to describe historical context, how jurisprudence become independent form ethics. Then in second part I examined relations between main disciplines of ethics and legal philosophy pointing out that although there are some similarities, there is even more differences. Finally in the third part I explored relation between meta-ethics and legal philosophy. My conclusion was that the problems of meta-ethics also exists in legal philosophy but the level of significance is lower. The reason for it lays in the specific character of legal norms which existence depends on the will of competent authority in contrast to moral norms which need other, meta-ethical justification.

(Ne)etičnost i (ne)legalnost upotrebe dronova u ratu protiv terorizma

Author(s): Ivica Kelam,Darija Rupcic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 73/2016

Powerful increase in the use of drones in fight against terrorism through the tactic of targeted killings, especially after the arrival of President Obama to power, causes increasingly ethical and legal issues. The intention of this paper is to investigate exactly these issues. The basic hypothesis is that the US use of drones in war against terrorism is a major threat to international security, human rights and democracy. Instead of reducing the threat of terrorism, drones uses additionally incites hatred and desire for revenge, since it leaves severe adverse consequences on the lives of civilians. The expected contribution of this paper lies in the demystification of drones activities and questioning the many dangers that the use of drones in the fight against terrorism carries.

(Nie)obiektywna podmiotowość

Author(s): Piotr Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 36/2016

In this article, I analyze the issue of subjectivity in the form in which it appears in Charles Taylor’s and Richard Rorty’s writings. Positions of these philosophers are generally regarded as contradictory. I will, however, argued that the position on subjectivity represented by Rorty finds its complementation in Taylor’s concept. To do this, I will show firstly that both Rorty and Taylor use the category of contingency, presenting some common thesis about subjectivity. This way I will show that the location of the category of subjectivity and the scope of its use in each of them concept is closely related to the understanding of objectivity accepted by each of them. This will allow then to reconstruct the concept of subjectivity presented by Taylor and Rorty. Next, in the conclusion, I will present such a summary of those two standpoints, which will include justification of the thesis of their complementarity.

100 godina Franjevačke teologije u Sarajevu 1909.-2009.

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian / Publication Year: 2012

Franjevačka teologija je u povodu stotinu godina svoga postojanja i djelovanja u Sarajevu (1909-2009) organizirala znanstveni skup i proslavu pod naslovom 100 godina Franjevačke teologije u Sarajevu: 1909.-2009. Znanstveni skup je održan 6. i 7. studenog 2009. u amfiteatru Franjevačke teologije, a 8. studenog – na dan blaženog Ivana Duns Škota, zaštitnika naše Teologije – održana je proslava tako što je svećeničkom euharistijskom slavlju predsjedao provincijal Bosne Srebrene fra Lovro Gavran. Za vrijeme euharistijskog slavlja izvedena je Missa Bosniensis Andrije Pavliča: Bosanska misa posvećena sv. Franji Asiškom, svim nesretnima, ispaćenima i izgubljenima ovoga svijeta, te bosanskim franjevcima i zboru Pontanima, koji je izveo misu. Zbor Pontanima je osnovao profesor naše Teologije fra Ivo Marković. Dirigirao je skladatelj Bosanske mise Andrija Pavlič (inače je dirigent zbora Pontanima Josip Katavić). Sudjelovali su Amila Bakšić, sopran; Zana Staniškovska, alt; Jasmin Bašić, tenor; Ivica Šarić, bas; i Dario Vučić, orgulje. Pokrovitelj Znanstvenog skupa i proslave je bio Željko Komšić, predsjedavajući Predsjedništva BiH. Koji je smisao Franjevačke teologije i uopće koji je smisao franjevačke škole mišljenja od srednjeg vijeka pa do danas? Evo kratkog odgovora. Franjevci, koji su bili nadareni za filozofsko i teološko mišljenje, nastojali su veličanstvenu viziju Franje Asiškog filozofski i teološko razraditi. Vizija Franje Asiškog, koja se temelji na Isusovu evanđelju, naglašava bratstvo i sestrinstvo svih ljudi, ne samo svih ljudi, nego i svih bića, to jest svih Božjih stvorenja u svemiru. Sva bića u svemiru su braća i sestre po stvorenosti. Jednakost među bićima uključuje i razliku među bićima, jer je svako biće originalno. I samo različita bića mogu biti u jedinstvu. Tom vizijom i njezinim prakticiranjem u svom životu Franjo Asiški je ponudio alternativu svijetu mržnje i nasilja, u kojem i danas živimo. To je on rekao svojom poznatom rečenicom koja glasi: “Exivi de saeculo” - “Izašao sam iz svijeta nasilja.” Izašao je iz svijeta nasilja i počeo osnivati svijet mira. Zadaća svih odgovornih bića jest izlazak iz svijeta nasilja i uspostavljanje svijeta mira, slobode i ljubavi. Zamislimo svijet bez nasilja i zamislimo svijet u kojem nasilje više neće biti moguće. Koliko su veliki franjevački mislioci tu viziju uspješno razradili i koliko su franjevci Bosne Srebrene, koji su živjeli i djelovali na Franjevačkoj teologiji, to mišlju i djelom svjedočili, to jest otjelotvorili, neka prosude drugi. U radovima sa znanstvenog skupa, koji se ovdje objavljuju, autori su obrađivali važne teme iz različitih perspektiva, pri čemu se moglo uvidjeti da je do Istine moguće doći samo dijalogom različitih perspektiva. Dijalogom uviđamo da je Istina jedna i da nas Istina sve nadilazi i povezuje u jednu zajednicu, ne samo nas, nego i cijelo čovječanstvo. Karl Jaspers je rekao: Istina je ono što nas povezuje (Wahrheit ist, was uns verbindet).

13. Yüzyıl Türk Halk Şİİrİnde Ahlâkİ Anlayış

Author(s): Mehmet Yardimci,Ahmet Zeki Güven / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 64/2010

With Malazgirt Victory in 1071 Turks migration began to Anatolia and Islam had found a new expansion field in the hands of Turks and spreading of Islam in Anatolia had accelerated in the period of Principalities and especially Seljuks, Anatolian Seljuks. But in the 13.centuries Mongolian influence which occurred in Central Asia and then affected to Anatolia, led to people different searches. Mongolians had vandalized where they gone through, therefore; a completely crisis period had began to in Anatolia. Especially in this period most of dervishes who got of Yesevi doctrines had immigrated to Anatolia and began to tell Islam with different ways to the people. This saints who came from Central Asia, dwelled upon to doctrines and emphasized that Islam is not a fear religion it is a love religion,and to fall for love to God rather than fear of God. In this way; this Yesevi dervishes who came from Central Asia, helped to people who fallen into crisis process and easily overcome from this process, also they exposed excellent and experienced human type with the help of advice which they gave to people in their works. In this study, in the century of 13 Religious-Sufism Folk Poetry ethical components were exposed and three great poets were examined who lived in the century of 13, such as Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli, Yunus Emre, Said Emre and also, common components which related with the ethical understandings were classified and commented on finding discoveries.

A bioethical perspective on man’s life and death

Author(s): Stefan Florea / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

This article presents an interdisciplinary approach of the problems of bioethics related to the human existence, namely life and death: abortion and euthanasia. The connection point between bioethics and Christian morals is generated by the meeting of the two cultures, the scientific technologized one based on the economic perspective on life and the humanistic-moral one, which needs to be founded on the protection of life.At the same time, bioethics must not be focused only on man, but ought to comprise the biosphere as a whole as well, namely any scientific intervention of man on life in general.

A Comparative Study of the Foundations of Medical Ethics in Secular and Islamic Thought

Author(s): Mohsen Rezaei Aderyani,Mehrzad Kiani / Language(s): English / Issue: 40/2015

The principles of medical ethics, common as they are in the world at the present time, have been formed in the context of Western secular communities; consequently, secular principles and values are inevitably manifested in all corners of medical ethics. Medical ethics is at its infancy in Iran. In order to incorporate medical ethics into the country’s health system, either the same thoughts, principles, rules, and codes of Western communities should be translated and taught across the country, or else, if the principles and values and consequently the prominent moral rules and codes of Western medical ethics are not consistent with the culture, customs, and religion of our country, then new principles and values should be formulated that are more in harmony with our society. According to the available literature in Iran, the four principles proposed by Beauchamp and Childress do not contradict the Islamic-Iranian culture and can thus be generally applied in the mentioned context. However, the application of these four principles and their derivatives (e.g. regulations and codes) requires careful examination and adaptation to Islamic ethics. A comparison of the ontological, anthropological and epistemological foundations of secular and Islamic attitudes shows the differences between these two attitudes to be deep-rooted. “Rationalism,” “scientism,” and “humanism” are the main foundations of secularism, whereas “Godcentrism,” “pure human servitude to God,” the belief in “returning of humans to God,” “resurrection day,” and also human’s accountability to God are all fundamental beliefs and principles of religion for Muslims of all cults and sects. It can thus be concluded that the principles of secularist thought are different from and to some extent inconsistent with the principles of Islam. Instructions derived from secular thought can therefore not be implemented in an Islamic community; rather, these communities should adopt Islamic foundations as the source for the norms and standards of their medical ethics. The capacities of religious thought (in particular, Islam) make possible the formation of an ethical system consistent with Islamic Ummah.

A CONCEPT OF ETHICAL COMMUNICATION FOR EUROPE

Author(s): Cristiana Senigaglia / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2016

In contemporary societies, communication plays a paramount role and is an indispensable form of social and political mediation. The function of communication is enhanced in the context of the European Union, since the large territorial dimension, the different countries involved, and the relatively new political institutions with respect to the nation states require an intensive communicative exchange in order to strengthen the process of cooperation, development, and integration. The reference to the principles of communication, as highlighted by the theories of Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas, offers a concrete possibility to shape communication from an ethical standpoint, and allows for conceiving a pluralistic, democratic process. With the integration of some aspects of the communitarian thinking, the idea of an ethics of communication provides some concrete chances of reflecting on the relation between people and institutions, and of conceiving of a communication which be more attentive to the present challenges and which secure a more effective and respectful interweaving among the different subjects and instances concerned.

A door to the unknown: crossing boundaries through picturebook art

Author(s): Katarzyna Smyczynska / Language(s): English / Issue: 3 (34)/2016

This paper engages with the question of the ethical implications of, and artistic imagination in picture books. The analysis relies on two visual narratives confronting the theme of cultural difference. The juxtaposition of the two books that share the themes of visiting and hosting, of confronting otherness, and of cultural prejudice indicates differences in their narrative and artistic potential. The analysis of formal strategies in Jemmy Button by Jennifer Uman and Valerio Vidali and in Eric by Shaun Tan serves to point out the role of artistic imagination and narrative wisdom in creating visual literature.

A gonosz arcai a szcientológiában

Author(s): Izabella Demeter / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 07/2012

„A Szcientológia egy vallás, amelyet L. Ron Hubbard fejlesztett ki, és amely az ember való- di szellemi természetének és önmagához, családjához, csoportokhoz, az Emberiséghez, minden életformához, a fizikai univerzumhoz, a szellemi univerzumhoz és a Legfelsõbb Lényhez való viszonyának teljes és biztos megértéséhez kínál pontos útvonalat”1 – válaszolja a Mi a szcientológia? kérdésre a nemzetközi hivatalos honlap tájékoztató része. Napjaink egyik leggyorsabb ütemben terjeszkedõ egyházáról lévén szó, jelen írásban nem vállalkozom a kérdésre adott feleletek átfogó összegzésére – maga az egyház több ezer kötetet jelentetett meg, az ellene felszólalók is majdnem ugyanennyit –, ehelyett a vallás kialakulása és meghirdetett alapelvei kerülnek e gondolatmenet fókuszába, Alain Badiou Etikájának2 lencséjén át szemlélve.

A legjobb barátom

Author(s): Ágnes Heller / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2016

A Levinasian Opening on the Affirmative Ethics of Care

Author(s): Antonio Sandu / Language(s): English / Issue: 43/2016

In the order of beingness, duty is a state much closer to Dasein than any form of rationality could be. The true duty and the true respect for the golden rule can only come from the authenticity of one’s beingness. The same goes for what we call humility. This duty, as an existential state, is a movement of the spirit which seems to be overwhelmed by the care for the Other, towards the Other. Any duty which does not “move the being”, and which results, for example, from reason, is unauthentic and, viewed from a phenomenological perspective, it means the alienation of the appreciative capacity of the beingness - understood as Dasein. As such, appreciative ethics can only be placed at the crossroads between constructionism - as a theory on the agreed existence, and the phenomenology which enables the understanding of the subjective experience of the process of social construction of reality itself.

A magyarság megmaradásának esélyei Fölvidéken a jelenlegi erőviszonyok között 1.

Kérdésfölvetés és néhány fogalom tisztázásának kísérlete

Author(s): Tibor Szentandrási / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2017

The Philosophical Frameworks of the Issue of Hungarians in Slovakia: Nation, Minority, Nationalism

A nap árnyékában

Author(s): Zádor Tordai / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 2000

After the communist system has collapsed, the socio-political and economical situation has changed in Central and Eastern Europe. In his essays Zádor Tordai is focusing on the analyses of the socio-political results of the system change in Central and Eastern Europe and its interpretation – from the view of a philosopher.

ABORTUS

Author(s): Delila Hasanbegovic,Tanja Grabovac / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Pojam abortusa ili pobačaja (lat. abruptio graviditatis) definira se kao spontani ili izazvani prekid trudnoće izbacivanjem ploda prije navršenog 28. tjedna trudnoće. Tema izazvanog abortusa je tema koja se kroz povijest doživljavala kao sasvim uobičajena stavka svakodnevnog života ili pak najgora kontroverza koja direktno pogađa ljudski život. Kao takav, abortus može biti legalan ili ilegalan te se proučava kroz razne aspekte (povijesni, sociološki, kulturološki, pravni, psihološki, moralno-etički, itd.). Iako se povijest abortusa prati još od antičkog doba može se reći kako je pitanje abortusa rodno određeno, te više pogađa žene. Riječ je o djevojkama i ženama koje uglavnom same stoje pod upitnikom abortusa. No, u slučaju Kine i nekih drugih azijskih zemalja, najžalosnija je diskriminacija usmjerena prema još nerođenim djevojčicama gdje se, s obzirom na to da postoji politika jednog djeteta, abortus radi zbog njegovog spola, tj. zbog neželjene ženske djece. U skladu s tim se može argumentirati kako abortus uglavnom pogađa žensku populaciju, bilo da se radi o ženi koja se odluči za abortus ili o ženskom djetetu nad kojim se vrši abortus.

ABORTUS

Author(s): Delila Hasanbegovic,Tanja Grabovac / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Pojam abortusa ili pobačaja (lat. abruptio graviditatis) definira se kao spontani ili izazvani prekid trudnoće izbacivanjem ploda prije navršenog 28. tjedna trudnoće. Tema izazvanog abortusa je tema koja se kroz povijest doživljavala kao sasvim uobičajena stavka svakodnevnog života ili pak najgora kontroverza koja direktno pogađa ljudski život. Kao takav, abortus može biti legalan ili ilegalan te se proučava kroz razne aspekte (povijesni, sociološki, kulturološki, pravni, psihološki, moralno-etički, itd.). Iako se povijest abortusa prati još od antičkog doba može se reći kako je pitanje abortusa rodno određeno, te više pogađa žene. Riječ je o djevojkama i ženama koje uglavnom same stoje pod upitnikom abortusa.