"ETHICS BY MOVIE". AN ALTERNATIVE ETHICS TRAINING METHOD FOR FUTURE PROFESSIONALS. A PILOT STUDY AMONG ROMANIAN STUDENTS

Author(s): Daniela-Tatiana Agheorghiesei,Vladimir Poroch / Language(s): English / Issue: 53/2016

The paper presents the results of an empirical research that explored the opinion of Romanian students from four different professional Master’s Degree programs, on the impact of applying the method that we have called “Ethics by Movie” (creating the students’ own video scenarios on an ethical topic in teams) on substantiating ethical knowledge, ethical attitude and ethical behavior. The final sample consisted of 395 respondents. The students appreciate several advantages of the above mentioned teaching and learning method (”an ideal practice for understanding a theoretical concept”, ”an interactive method of learning” that helped them ”to acquire ethical concepts more easily or to reflect more deeply on the importance which must be given to ethical behavior, on the consequences of unethical behavior”, etc). Our study might prove to be useful due to the fact that it revives attention to a complementary teaching method that can contribute to increasing awareness of the ethical issues around us, to learning ethical concepts in a more substantiated manner, to the need to solve the ethical dilemmas related to the fact that we must be solidarity in the fight against unethical actions and that, through everything we do, we can send out own ethical message.

"GERMAN WORLD" OR THE ORIGINAL CULTURE: SWISS-GERMAN CULTURAL RELATIONS IN 1930-1940

Author(s): Dmytro Vedenieiev,Victoriya Pechyborshch / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

The objectives are to analyze the development of the relations in the sphere of the culture between Switzerland and Germany in the 1930-40’s and to determine the reasons for termination of the cultural dialogue between the countries after the arrival of national socialists in German and conditions of its recovery after the Second World War. The historical-genetic and comparative methods were chosen for the study. With the use of the historical-genetic method, the evolution of the German-Swiss cultural relations in the first half of the XX c. was explored. Appeal to the comparative method has enabled to draw the conclusions about the features of the bilateral cultural relations between Switzerland and Germany in the period between the two world wars, during the war of 1939 – 1945 and post-war years. Scientific novelty of the proposed article is that for the first time in Ukrainian historiography an attempt to explore the development of the cultural relations between Switzerland and Germany in 1930 – 40's was made. Conclusions. The main reasons of the Swiss efforts to withdraw from the involvement in the German cultural world in the late 1930's – 40's were memories of the First World War, when the conflict between the French and German communities had put in jeopardy the peace within the Swiss society, and a desire not to create the pretext for the global public accusations against Switzerland of its involvement in the crimes of the national socialists, which could raise doubts about the issue of Swiss neutrality. The background for the restoration of the cultural dialogue between the countries was the desire of Swiss to support the formation of a new democratic regime in the neighboring country, which was realized through the activities of both individual private artistic associations and institutions, and the work of the Swiss diplomacy, which through the analysis of the cultural situation of the particular German states was searching for the potential areas and ways of cooperation.

"Repro-preneurs": Surrogate Mothers as Vulnerable Group: Discursive Legitimation and Rationalization Practices across Media and Forums

Author(s): Oana-Mara Stan / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

The study analyses surrogacy arrangements in Romania and the UK, in the light of media echoes and legislative change. There is a lack of statistical data on this divisive, highly controversial issue. Its most debatable aspect lies in the ambivalence between altruistic and commercial aims, the latter based on the commodification of the feminine body. The investigative method consists of critical discourse analysis of secondary data: 14 articles and 130 blog posts on surrogacy, with emphasis on analytical categories of conservative, liberal and radical viewpoints. Surrogates are a heterogenic, heteronormative category that is difficult to research ethically, hence most studies are clandestine. Held dialogues, exposed doubt, moral dilemmas and exchanged views included in the discourse analysis all boil down to the need for the state to introduce and enforce further social assistance regulations to prevent abuse, illegal transactions and reproductive tourism to more permissive jurisdictions. Discursive reactions pinpoint the paradigm of disrupted motherhood that echoes critical sociological perspectives on alienated labor and neo-proletariat, by viewing surrogate ‘repropreneurs’ asprecarious laborers vulnerable to health risks. Conversely, neoliberal feministcounter-arguments are investigated, as they condone surrogacy on grounds of free choice and agency, thus supporting transformative families and openness to alternative, non-typical family arrangements. Medical online databases for clinics that use surrogates for infertility treatments need to be regulated so as to allow transparency and auditory control in operations such as licensing, documenting, recording and reporting cases. Social work needs to be proactively involved in the design and monitoring of such accountability-oriented practices.

"ВІДКРИТА ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ": ДО ПОСТАНОВКИ ПРОБЛЕМИ

Author(s): Oleksandr Benzyuk / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 4/2014

Art of the end of the XX – the beginning of the XXI centuries, art of postmodernism and post-postmodernism is characterized by a specific system of world perception. The content and form of the art work in contemporary art is deliberately ambiguous. It has led to the situation when the text of the modern work contains a large number of potential meanings. None of these meanings can be dominant. So the text in contemporary art represents only a field of possibilities. The actualisation of the interpretations of the text depends on the recipient (the interpreter).U. Eco, a famous Italian philosopher, writer and social activist was the first who paid his attention to the issue of "the open literary work". Nowadays there is an insufficient number of investigations in which the specificity of "open interpretation" of modern art works, including Ukrainian, is thoroughly analyzed. That’s the reason of this research relevance.In this research, it is proved that the "open interpretation" is based on "the projects of postmodernism."The analysis of scientific literature on the problem of interpretation gives the right to ascertain that the term "interpretation" is formed as a result of a long and complex process of the formation of logical methods that have evolved toward to a consistent increase of the degree of their complexity from a simple description, explanation and interpretation to the clear cut logical operation. However, the use of "clear cut logical operation" with regard to the works of art created during the period of postmodernism and post-postmodernism (or postculture) is not possible for objective reasons, because it's a culture of "rhizomes" , which is characterized by the non-linearity, the absence of structure, multiplicity and discontinuity.The nature of "open interpretation" is a brief description of the most representative projects of postmodernism such as "textual", "nomadologic" and "schizoanalytic".The "textual project" involves (or includes) deconstruction, intertextuality, "pastiche". In this project the text is reconstructed into a structure so that its restoration in the original form is impossible, not important, unnecessary, because the recipient is given an opportunity to "construct" and reconstruct the text according to his own understanding.In the "nomadologic project" postmodernism refuses to consider history as a regular linear process and stresses the random, credible, subjective character of the interpretation of historic events. Therefore, it appears natural for postmodernism to reject the principle of the universality of the historical development of the progress idea.The "schizoanalytic project" is based on the tradition of psychoanalysis. Postmodern art explores and creates a picture of the world that is not "tied" to the rigid models, which means that the work of art becomes "open". "Open" works of art as if invite the recipient to create a work together with its author. A "modern text" contains a large number of potential meaning, none of which can be dominant. In this situation there is a need for an "open interpretation" that allows to expand the limits of the interpreter.

(Christian) Bioethical Dilemmas in Using Synthetic Biology and Nanotechnologies

Author(s): Antonio Sandu,Ana Caras (Frunză) / Language(s): English / Issue: 35/2013

Ethical dilemmas raised by the use of nanotechnology in medical practice can be viewed from several perspectives: religious spiritualist perspective, the perspective of human dignity (nanotechnologies can be thought of as an affront to human dignity), the issue of controversial choice. The article aims to expose some bioethical dilemmas in using synthetic biology and nanotechnologies. Nowadays is often brought into discussion the fact it is possible to appear in the future new human species resulted not via natural selection and evolution, but through the demiurgic effect of technology development in areas such as: synthetic biology, genetics, neurobiology and neurosciences, prosthesis technology and not least of artificial intelligence research. We will also refer into this paper at the possible raised challenges to ethicists who are oriented towards an ethics of species. Those challenges are raised right from the dawn of a consciousness of species, a social construction generated by changes of the meaning of belonging to humanity. During our article we argue that medical technology, especially genetics, medical assisted human reproduction and not least synthetic biology, require a rethinking ethical meanings of applying those technologies in everyday practices.

(Im)Possible Tolerance. A Paradox from within Multicultural Societies. An Essay on the Mind-Brain Problem and Legal Proof

Author(s): Francesco Trupia / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

This paper deals with the principle of tolerance in our contemporary society in the attempt to highlight limits and paradoxes in the various aspects of minority issues. From this point of view, the first part of the paper discusses Kymlicka’s contribution to multiculturalism with regard to national minorities and immigrant communities, while the second part confronts his Theory of Minority Rights with Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony and circle of humanity. Therefore, this paper aims at shifting the discourse over tolerance-related minority issues from a top-down approach toward an analysis of how tolerance is allowed to be performed. Thus, Gramsci’s philosophy of praxis is employed to disentangle moral and cultural set of values and norms within which both principle of tolerance and performativity of toleration are established and, in parallel, to reflect on reasons why others are not allowed to be performed.

(META)ETYKA A FILOZOFIA PRAWA

Author(s): Monika Zalewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 26/2014

In this paper I have focused on methodological problems of ethics and legal philosophy. My main goal was to determine relation between meta-ethics and legal philosophy. In the first part I tried to describe historical context, how jurisprudence become independent form ethics. Then in second part I examined relations between main disciplines of ethics and legal philosophy pointing out that although there are some similarities, there is even more differences. Finally in the third part I explored relation between meta-ethics and legal philosophy. My conclusion was that the problems of meta-ethics also exists in legal philosophy but the level of significance is lower. The reason for it lays in the specific character of legal norms which existence depends on the will of competent authority in contrast to moral norms which need other, meta-ethical justification.

(Mis)reading Matters in Titus Andronicus: Ekphrastic Displacements and the Aemulatio Game on the Renaissance Stage

Author(s): Carmen Florescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

This essay studies Titus Andronicus‘s (mis)reading of the classics in order to tease out certain displacements which Shakespeare‘s play effects relative to its sources. Arguably, aemulatio in Titus can also suggest concerns with theatrical issues, such as the presencing onstage of characters and acts inspired by classical texts, as well as constituting an aemulatio of other Elizabethan playwrights, however problematic with respect to the object of emulation: escalating violence to (re)map gender hierarchy through multiple instantiations of the playwright persona. While, as Shakespeareans agree, the Philomela myth in Ovid‘s Metamorphoses is central to shaping, even scripting, the plot of Titus, I find a particular detail in Ovid worth re-reading, namely the tapestries woven by female characters such as Philomela, which no longer make sense onstage and which Shakespeare therefore dispenses with, or rather transmutes. I argue that Shakespeare‘s multiple displacements of the Ovidian tapestry – and generally the repurposing of ekphrasis – render visible the silent assumptions of patriarchy as encoded by Ovid, through ekphrasis, in a male-authored text cross-voicing female plight: that women can/should be and have been objectified under patriarchy, and that their reified condition may at times recall an aesthetic artefact which arrests the gaze and may (or may not) move to pity, but cannot challenge the foundational violence of patriarchy

(Ne)etičnost i (ne)legalnost upotrebe dronova u ratu protiv terorizma

Author(s): Ivica Kelam,Darija Rupčić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 73/2016

Powerful increase in the use of drones in fight against terrorism through the tactic of targeted killings, especially after the arrival of President Obama to power, causes increasingly ethical and legal issues. The intention of this paper is to investigate exactly these issues. The basic hypothesis is that the US use of drones in war against terrorism is a major threat to international security, human rights and democracy. Instead of reducing the threat of terrorism, drones uses additionally incites hatred and desire for revenge, since it leaves severe adverse consequences on the lives of civilians. The expected contribution of this paper lies in the demystification of drones activities and questioning the many dangers that the use of drones in the fight against terrorism carries.

(Ne)odgovornost novinara u izveštavanju o osetljivim društvenim grupama u štampanim medijima

Author(s): Kristina Malešević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 42/2018

When it comes to the responsibility of journalists, the violation of professional standards is the most frequent violation of the journalists Code of Ethics in Serbia, which is confirmed by the appeal procedures before the Press Council. Ethical standards for the press reporting in Serbia are most questionable when it comes to vulnerabile social groups, which include, according to the Strategy for Prevention and Protection against Discrimination of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, women, children, LGBT persons, persons with disabilities, elderly people, national minorities, refugees and members of religious communities. Despite the constant improvement of the Codex of Ethics, research dealing with the press compliance to the ethical and professional values of reporting is still scarce and mostly concerned with the protection of privacy. The basic idea of this paper is to conduct an analysis of content with emphasis on journalists responsibility in the authorial texts in five daily newspapers in Serbia (Politika, Večernje novosti, Blic, Informer and Kurir) in the five-day period in June 2017. The analysis of the violation of this provision of the Code of Ethics deals with specifically defined segments: discrimination, hate speech and incitement to violence, violation of the presumption of innocence, use of inappropriate and disturbing content, protection of the rights and dignity of vulnerable social groups. The daily Politika has justified its status of a quality political press in which journalists report most responsibly, especially about children and women victims of crime, as the most vulnerable social groups. The analysis showed that the difference between the semi-tabloid and the tabloid press is reflected in the use of disturbing content, while the violation of the privacy is the characteristics of both semi-tabloid and tabloid press.

(Ne)poštovanje Kodeksa novinara Srbije u kampanji za predsedničke izbore u 2017. godini

Author(s): Dinko Gruhonjić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 40/2017

The paper presents a comparative analysis of several monitoring reports on the reporting of public media and commercial televisions with a national frequency during the campaign for the presidential elections in Serbia in 2017, with the aim of determining the extent and manner in which the Serbian Code of Journalists was violated. The monitorings, which, rather than being done by the competent state institutions such as the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Media (REM), were largely carried out by civil society organizations, unequivocally demonstrated that, in most cases, reporting was extremely biased in favor of the ruling coalition candidate Aleksandar Vučić. In addition to the fact that they violated the provisions of key media laws and reporting rules during the pre-election campaign, the editors and journalists of televisions also violated the Code of Journalists in various ways. The monitorings, on the one hand, have shown the inadmissible bias of the majority of public and commercial televisions, but, on the other hand, have also shown that there were commercial cable televisions that largely took account of a uniform reporting on presidential candidates. Most of the analyzed televisions did not, however, abide by the preamble of the Code of Journalism, which states that the reason for the existence of media is public interest, and the business, political and private interests of the publisher/media owner should not be an excuse or justification for violating the Code. Most of the monitoring has also shown that the provisions of the Code of Journalism have been violated regarding the truthfulness of reporting, independence from pressures, journalists’ accountability, and journalistic attention.

(Nie)obiektywna podmiotowość

Author(s): Piotr Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 36/2016

In this article, I analyze the issue of subjectivity in the form in which it appears in Charles Taylor’s and Richard Rorty’s writings. Positions of these philosophers are generally regarded as contradictory. I will, however, argued that the position on subjectivity represented by Rorty finds its complementation in Taylor’s concept. To do this, I will show firstly that both Rorty and Taylor use the category of contingency, presenting some common thesis about subjectivity. This way I will show that the location of the category of subjectivity and the scope of its use in each of them concept is closely related to the understanding of objectivity accepted by each of them. This will allow then to reconstruct the concept of subjectivity presented by Taylor and Rorty. Next, in the conclusion, I will present such a summary of those two standpoints, which will include justification of the thesis of their complementarity.

(rec.) Piotr Duchliński, Andrzej Kobyliński, Ryszard Moń, Ewa Podrez: O normatywności w etyce, Akademia Ignatianum, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2015

Author(s): Andrzej Waleszczyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

(rec.) Piotr Stanisław Mazur, Zarys podstaw filozofii człowieka. Antropologiczne zastosowanie metody separacji, Księgarnia Akademicka, Kraków 2016, ss.216.

Author(s): Ewa Podrez / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

(rec.) Raimon Panikkar, Emanuel Severino, Parliamo della stessa retaltà? Per un dialogo tra Oriente e Occidente, Wydawnictwo Jaca Book, Mediolan 2014

Author(s): Grzegorz Kurp / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

(rec.) Sylwia Kłosowicz, O wierności wydarzeniu. Studium na temat poglądów etycznych Alaina Badiou, Liberi Libri, Warszawa 2016

Author(s): Julia Rejewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2017

(rec.) Tadeusz Biesaga, Spór o podstawy etyki medycznej. Teleologizm E.D. Pellegrino a kontraktualizm R.M. Veatcha, Uniwersytet Papieski JPII w Krakowie, Wydaw. Nauk., Kraków 2014

Author(s): Ewa Podrez / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2017

(spr.) Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej "Reflections on the Man in the Slavic Philosophical Thought", Trnavská Univerzita v Trnave, Trnawa, 26 października 2016 r.

Author(s): Andrzej Kobyliński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

(spr.) Sprawozdanie z uroczystości otwarcia Centrum Etyki Chrześcijańskiej im. Tadeusza ślipki, połączonej z VI ogólnopolskim konwersatorium z cyklu "Styczeń – Ślipko – Tischner. Inspiracje chrześcijańskie w etyce", Akademia Ignatianum, Kraków, 2016.

Author(s): Andrzej Kobyliński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

(spr.) Sprawozdanie z VIII Międzyuczelnianego Seminarium Naukowego z cyklu „Dziedzictwo Współczesnej Etyki”, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń, 2 grudnia 2015

Author(s): Andrzej Kobyliński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016