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Despre liberul-arbitru

Author(s): Claudiu Baciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2022

In the following text, I argue that denying the existence of free will is impossible because all research that attempts to reject it must necessarily presume it. I also argue that such a denial is based on a fallacy. The denial is made from the point of view of natural science. However, the latter cannot prove the inexistence of free will because it would commit a petitio principii since its principles state that all its objects are entities devoid of free will. Therefore, everything it investigates is necessarily thought of as already lacking free will.

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Către o metafizică a virtualului. Ispitele contemplative neoplatonice și realitatea virtuală

Author(s): Cornel-Florin Moraru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

In this paper, I argue for the relevance of the Neoplatonic way of thinking in the contemporary debates concerning the problem of virtuality and the ontology of virtual objects. In order to reach this goal, I claim that the actuality of this way of thinking consists in the fact that the Neoplatonists imposed a set of thinking patterns and ideals that are still discernible in a pre-judicative way in the contemporary debates about virtuality. In this respect, I identify a set of three so-called contemplative temptations that foreshadow our approach to the domain: the temptation of the ineffable origin of things, the temptation of λόγος, conceived as a formative and ordering principle of things, and the temptation of emanation. Starting from the Neoplatonic thematization of these concepts, I demonstrate that the contemporary debates around virtuality follow the same lines of thought, although transposed in the conceptual framework of computer science and information theory.

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Exerciții ale distanței. Neoplatonism și metafizică

Author(s): George Bondor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The main aim of this text is to identify some Neoplatonic topics in the contemporary debates about the definition of metaphysics. I analyse some occurrences from Levinas, Marion, and Berdiaev, in order to argue that there is a resurrection of henology and of the practical intention of philosophy in contemporary thought. I explore some experiences of distance, the concept that is present in all projects of overcoming the ontotheological meaning of metaphysics.

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Intercorelarea parte–întreg ca expresie a unității sau nonseparabilității din fizica cuantică și metafizica neoplatonică

Author(s): Ramona Ardelean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The most interesting and fruitful attempt of contemporary scientific epistemology to recover unity is the new paradigm of nonseparability in quantum physics. Starting from this paradigm of part-whole intercorrelation, I have shown that it contains such clear similarities with the Plotinian metaphysics of unity that the nonseparability paradigm of quantum physics can be considered a scientific hypostasis of Plotinus' metaphysics. An example in this sense is Chew's bootstrap theory, based on the mutual self-consistency of things, in which the part and the whole are intercorrelated and intertwined, realising the fact that at the subatomic or quantum level the universe is One. I have thus highlighted that quantum physics validates at the scientific level old metaphysical intuitions about the unity of the world, referring in this sense not only to the metaphysics of Plotinus, but also to the metaphysics of Leibniz.

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Liberul arbitru între fapt și posibilitate

Author(s): Claudiu Baciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

Free will has a practical reality that scientific methods cannot confirm. When arguing about the nonexistence of free will, neurologists fallaciously consider it a natural phenomenon. The following paper argues that using the simple natural-determinist model when speaking about human free will is inappropriate and highlights aspects of (human) subjectivity that cannot enter this model. Especially in the context of morality, free will is necessarily associated with values having a non-individual character. This character makes it impossible to think of a possible relationship between the brain and human behaviour as a causal one because, here, the effect determines the cause, in that values, as non-individual factors, shape every individual’s brain.

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Idea „ekonomii przyrody ożywionej” jako próba wyjaśnienia jej jedności, harmonii, ciągłości i stabilności

Author(s): Zbigniew Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

Attempts to explain the “phenomenon” of the stability and unity of nature were the subject of philosophical reflections and then of natural science research. The purpose of formulated concepts was to capture and describe the mechanisms of the perceived harmony of nature, for instance, in archaic myths personifying nature or in ancient Ionian philosophy. In modern times, these ideas were expressed in the form of a principle analogous to the contemporary “energy conservation law” and “the chain of being,” and finally they were covered in Linnaeus’s work under the common name “oeconomia naturae.” These ideas were reformulated by Darwin in his theory in which he concluded that this stability and harmony can be described using the term “economy of nature.” Such an approach to natural phenomena, allowing observation of new relationships between various elements of nature, made it possible to mathematize the sciences of animate nature. Changes in the perception of nature (philosophy of nature) had their consequences in the methodology of the natural sciences. Darwin’s theory reinterprets all earlier ideas, reducing their sense to the balance between costs and benefits, losses and profits. The contents of the article focus on discussing the concepts of Linnaeus and Darwin, treating previous ideas as introduction to the actual issues.

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Filozofia, religia i poezja w poszukiwaniu nieskończoności

Author(s): Marek Szulakiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

Man in contemporary culture thinks about the finite by starting from the finite (M. Foucault). The loss of reference to the infinite is not only the dominance of the naturalistic worldview, which rejects the possibility of any transcendent dimensions of the world. It is also a profound change in the areas of life that form the basis of our existence. They all tune in, so to speak, to the „man without infinity.” Historically, it has been common for us to move away from the present towards “more” and “different.” The desire for such infinity was also at the heart of cultural work. The lecture seeks to answer two questions: what happens when we lose the ability to consider infinity as a condition of the possibility of our experience? And: do philosophy, religion, and poetry still liberate us from the danger of finitude?

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Whitehead on Perishing

Author(s): Mark Losoncz / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This article deals with the problem of cessation in Whitehead’s philosophy. By focusing on his Process and Reality, but also on his other works, different temporal, mereological and other aspects of perishing are analyzed, with special attention to the annihilation of subjective directness. The article also focuses on the complementary character of creation and cessation, by taking into consideration the various (subjective, objective, superjective or divine) layers of cessation. By relying upon the critical reception of Whitehead, the article formulates certain dilemmas with regard to the status of ceased events or entities, and also in relation to the general possibility and the discreet character of perishing.

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Anexe la Dovezile existenței lui Dumnezeu

Author(s): Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 1/2022

Annexes to Lectures on the Proofs of the Existence of God

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Dispozitive categoriale. „Cauzalitate-funcție-sistem”

Author(s): Dragoș Popescu / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 2/2022

This paper develops the ideas of Romanian philosopher Constantin Noica (1909-1987), which was stated in his two works: Douăzeci și șapte trepte ale realului [Twenty-seven Steps of the Real] (1969) and Pentru o teorie a câmpurilor logice [For a Theory of the Logical Fields] (2015). The last is a continuation of the first, written short before 1969, but unpublished for a long period of time.The paperʼs main goal is to specify (or: determine) Noicaʼs vision on programmed necessity.

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Dispozitive categoriale. Necesitate și organizare - extensiuni, delimitări, precizări

Author(s): Dragoș Popescu / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 3/2022

This paper continues some ideas developed in previous articles dedicated to the „categorial devices”.This time, the paper’s main goal was to find the adequate context of the notions of necessity and organization, with the starting point in a study of the Romanian philosopher Constantin Noica: Douăzeci și șapte trepte ale realului [Twenty-Seven Steps of the Real] (1969).

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Dispozitiv categorial și experiment științific

Author(s): Dragoș Popescu / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 1/2024

The following text, based on previous research, intend to build a conceptual frame for the understanding of the scientific experiment as a relation between two types of categoriality (we use the term „categoriality” as: „complete list of general notions describing a domain of scientific or philosophical investigation”).

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[Devenirea formelor]

Author(s): Constantin Noica / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 1/2024

Literary text by Constantin Noica.

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Instrument experimental și Lume Organism

Author(s): Dragoș Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

The following text, based on previous research, continues the intention to build a conceptual frame for the understanding of the scientific experiment as a relation between two types of categoriality (we use the term „categoriality” as: „complete list of general notions describing a domain of scientific or philosophical inves-tigation”).

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Visând la o teorie fizică finală sau la dezvrăjirea completă a lumii

Author(s): Dragoș Dragoman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The final theory of the physical world, capable of harmonizing and connecting the existing basic theories, is seen as the ultimate achievement of the modern physical science. It is said to be the fulfilment of a long effort of describing the functioning of the physical universe and the coronation of the most successful intellectual endeavor undertook by the Western world. However, as put forward by illustrious physicists, such a theory would be the final blast to the previous rival theories based on non-metrical measurements. All former non-empirical, spiritualist theories, which managed to survive the triumphant march of the Western modern science, including astrology, would now be sentenced to extinction. And even philosophy would be turned as inconclusive and embarrassing for scientists, since they would no longer need philosophical suggestions on how to investigate the physical reality. In turn, expelling all the spiritual heritage from the modern world would mean heading towards the void, embracing the nonsense of an impersonal universe.

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“You Shouldn’t Try to Be What You Can’t Be”*: How Wonder Frees Embodied Agency

Author(s): Urszula Lisowska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

The paper presents the agency of human beings as embodied, i.e. it shows what it means to think about agency as founded on being a body (rather than merely exercised through a body). It is also argued that the free—i.e. refl ective and spon-taneous—exercise of agency should likewise be understood as embodied. The paper argues that both the appreciation and experience of the free exercise of embodied agency require wonder. The latter is defi ned as the attitude that facilitates the re-lationship of familiarization without appropriation. The paper shows how wonder contributes to the experience of freedom related to expressing one’s own unchosen (bodily) diff erence while relating to the diff erences of others.

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Some remarks on the philosopher’s mission

Author(s): Ireneusz Ziemiński / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article is an attempt to defend philosophy as a valuable theoretical reflection on the ul-timate questions about the meaning of existence (especially human existence). In accordance with Leszek Kołakowski’s postulate, a philosopher could be modeled on a circus clown who observes the world from a distance and is capable of critiquing myths prevalent in the culture they grew up in. Although a clown does not provide final answers to ancient metaphysical questions, they make people reflect critically on their own beliefs. From this standpoint, phi-losophy is an integral element of every culture which does not wish to become ossified and stagnant due to its dogmatism.

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Rozchwiane ramy, splątane ślady, czyli o tym, dlaczego nie jest dobrze ani źle

Author(s): Małgorzata Kowalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

In the article I present “today-here” as a time and place without proper names, but full of traces and vectors leading in different directions, in an undefined direction in sum. Contem-porary philosophy, extremely diverse and aware of its finitude, in its own way expresses and even intensifies such an experience of the present. I argue that the position of philosophy is not good, but it is not bad either, and that indeterminacy itself has a positive effect on philo-sophical thinking. I show the multitude of “objects” that can be related to philosophy and the paths it can follow, for instance reflecting on social and political phenomena or on problems related to the sciences. Noting little public interest in philosophy today, I defend, nevertheless, the role it can play in contemporary society

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O filozofii subiektywnie

Author(s): Jacek Migasiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The starting thesis of the article is the assertion of the cultural dominance of science in the modern world. Therefore, the question is considered as to whether the role of philosophy in the relationship with science is only an auxiliary role (inspiration, interpretation, methodology), or whether philosophy constitutes a separate subject and set of methods from science. Giving an affirmative answer to the latter, a thesis is put forward that metaphysics in a non-classical sense can play just such a role. This metaphysics is discussed. For illustration, as examples of such “new” metaphysics, several variants of phenomenology are presented (Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Luc Marion, Emmanuel Lévinas) and a philosophical position opposed to this tradition, so-called speculative materialism (Quentin Meillassoux).

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Hipotetyczna metafi zyka kultury

Author(s): Marek Pacukiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

Forming any statement about culture we enter metaphysics, understood as a refl ectionon the substance of being taken in its entirety. That is why every theory of culture is metaphysical orhas metaphysical foundation, which still is worth taking into consideration. Though Karl Popper hasseparated theory and metaphysics drawing the line of falsifi ability between them, he also stressedimportance of metaphysical horizon in scientifi c practice. Similar approach to the subject couldbe found in the work of Mścisław Wartneberg’s, Polish philosopher from the turn of 19th century,especially in his concept of the hypothetical metaphysics. This proposition is worth of rethinkingin order to refl ect on metaphysical nature of modern and possible theories of culture.

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