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On the unity of theory and practice in Heidegger’s thought

Author(s): Nerijus Stasiulis / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The article presents the unity of theory and practice as the clue to Heidegger’s thought. Hence, Heideggerian notions are explicated with respect to the living situation of their occurrence. The Seynsgeschichtlich aspect is considered crucial for comprehending the gist of the notion of the ontological difference. In the light of the historicity of Heidegger’s thought, its relations to the philosophy of ancient Greeks, especially to that of Aristotle and Plato, are explained. The Heideggerian reading of Greek concepts as well as the Aristotelian Platonic character of Heideggerian musings is taken into account. Precise links between Heideggerian and Greek conceptions are indicated. A tentative outline of the ontological difference is suggested.

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Kur’ān – epistemološka paradigma islama

Author(s): Rešid Hafizović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 65/2016

Qur’ān is the source of all knowledge in Islam (al-An‘ām, 38). It symbolises the living mind of Divine Omniscience. It is uncreated Word of God which is a symbol of the comprehensive precosmic Pen (kun!) by which God simulta¬neously inscribes into ‘pages’ of Universe (Qur’ān al-āfāq), pages of sacred History (Qur’ān al-anfās) and, finally, ‘pages’ of human soul and heart (Kitāb marqūm) existentially (kalima al-kawn) and sapientially (kalima al-wahy). The content of Divine Word is intended for a man as God’s crowning creature, as substance of divine Being (mukhtasar of Wujūd) and as comprehensive being (al-kawn al-jāmi‘) who alone knows how to read revealed text of the Book under whose image God has condensed plenitude of His own wisdom, revealed Himself in a form of Book as the sign of His most perfect and most mature Self-expression. On the traces of this Book’s content human life has became ‘book for God’ through which qur’anic metahistory is realised, embodied by infinite number of individual human fates. God has clothed qur’anic content in literal linguistic expression (‘ibāra) of perfect Arabic language, so that reader/ interpreter of Mushaf’s text could from ‘ibāra make ta‘bīr – ‘hermeneutical bridge’ to cross over to the other ‘bank’ of sacrolinguistic ‘river’ of Mushaf. In the vessel of Hidr’s ta’wīl on the waves of Mushaf’s ‘river’ sails the interpreter as homo viator (sālik), reaches the very heart of every single thing and puts the smile of immortality on the ‘face’ of every cognitive capacity within him.

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„Trójka widm w bezokoliczniku”. Spektralne koniugacje Witolda Wirpszy

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„Trójka widm w bezokoliczniku”. Spektralne koniugacje Witolda Wirpszy

Author(s): Piotr Bogalecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

This article presents an interpretation of Witold Wirpsza’s poem ‘Zgryzota i dalekie światło’ [Distress and a Distant Light]. Bogalecki begins with an analysis of the poem’s formulas and procedures in a Deleuzian context. His goal is twofold: first, to deduce Wirpsza’s understanding of the theme of the spectre, which only becomes meaningful through Jacques Derrida’s hauntology and the works of Giorgio Agamben and John D. Caputo. The second goal is to indicate a direction for a post-secular reinterpretation of Wirpsza’s work. His return to the theological or religious tradition can be understood as a deconstruction of the traditional form of religious and metaphysical poetry. The effect turns out to be an affirmative recognition of the language of religion as a spectre that incessantly ‘haunts’ modern, seemingly secularized discourses.

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Umysł a kosmos

Author(s): Thomas Nagel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The essay outlines the main argument of Thomas Nagel’s influential book Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature is Almost Certainly False (Oxford University Press 2012). According to the argument the physical sciences in their present form cannot adequately account for our conscious life and are thus incomplete. This should not lead us to accept some form of theism, however, but to a search for a broader, more adequate conception of nature.

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ТЕТРАГРАММАТОН И КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ЕДИНОЙ БОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ СУБСТАНЦИИ В «ИСПОВЕДИ», КН. VII АВГУСТИНА И В УЧЕНИИ СПИНОЗЫ

Author(s): Igor Tantlevskij / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The author supposes that the Tetragrammaton’s interpretation, attested in Ex. 3:14, exerted direct influence on the formation of the conception of single, eternal, and infinite God’s substantia, reflected in Augustine’s “Confessions”, book vii and in Spinoza’s teaching.

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СОСТОЯНИЯ И ОТНОШЕНИЯ У ГРИГОРИЯ НАЗИАНЗИНА

Author(s): Pavel Butakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The Greek word ‘schesis’ in the works of Gregory Nazianzen has generally been translated as ‘relation’ and interpreted as a programmatic term for his doctrine of Trinitarian relations. Although this may be a valid interpretation of the terminology of other 4th century theologians, this is not true of Gregory. His usage of the word ‘schesis’ does not correspond with the traditional Aristotelian or Stoic ways of designating a relation. It denotes a status or a disposition, it may even mean a place in a relation, but it is not the relation itself, and not a disposition towards another. Therefore all the interpretations of Gregory’s teaching on the Trinitarian relations are to be revisited and reformulated more carefully, keeping in mind the peculiarity of his usage of ‘schesis.’

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ORIGEN IN RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY: FROM GREGORY SKOVORODA TO NIKOLAI BERDYAEV

Author(s): Alexey Kamenskikh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Observing the history of reception of Origen’s intellectual heritage by Russian theologians and philosophers of the past few centuries, some key moments and figures are discernible. Those figures are Grigory Skovoroda (1722–1794), Vladimir Solovyov (1853– 1900), Sergei Bulgakov (1871–1944), Nicolay Berdyaev (1874–1948) and George Florovsky (1893–1979). Surely, the history of Origen’s reception in Russia cannot be reduced to them alone: translations were made of Origen’s works and special investigations were conducted into some aspects of his theology. But those authors’ significance for our outline is determined by (1) their key role in the evolution of Russian theological and philosophical thought and – at the same time – (2) by the fact that those authors’ own intellectual evolution and/or (3) their ideas’ reception by their contemporaries proceeded in close connection with the problem of Origen. So the process of reception of Origen’s intellectual heritage in Russia was substantially conditioned by the controversies raging around the key representatives of the so-called “Russian religious philosophy.”

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ГАЛЕН. О МОИХ ВОЗЗРЕНИЯХ

Author(s): Eugene Afonasin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Galen’s last work, De propriis placitis (On my own opinions) has a very complex textual history. Except to few extracts, the Greek original of the treatise is lost. The last two chapters of the treatise, entitled On the substance of natural faculties, circulated independently in a fourteenth century translation into Latin by Niccolò da Reggio. The main body of treatise is preserved in a medieval Latin translation made from an Arabic translation (as numerous words, transliterated from the Arabic, testify). There is also a quote in Hebrew. Fortunately, some time ago V. Nutton (1999) published an excellent commented edition of the treatise. It has proven indispensable for the present study, as well as a recent publication of a newly discovered Greek text by Boudon-Millot and Pietrobelli (2005). The treatise, important for understanding of Galen’s various opinions, certainly deserves a close study. It is now translated into the Russian for the first time.

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ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ЦИЦЕРОНА О ЛЮБВИ

Author(s): Svetlana Demina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

This article investigates Cicero’s thoughts about love. According to this Roman philosopher a disposition to love is given to people by nature. He defines love (amor) as recognition of importance of another person per se and an aspiration to do anything good for him unselfishly. Love as a philosophical category allows Cicero to explain a person’s behavior, to disclose importance of a person for another person, to display a moral similarity of both loving persons as well as to explain unification of people in associations of different levels (matrimonial and family relations, friendship, neighborhood, citizenship, nationality, humankind). In Cicero’s opinion, the widespread understanding of love as a passion is erroneous and leads to violation of moral and legal norms, therefore Cicero’s attitude to this passion is extremely negative.

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ПАРМЕНИДОВСКИЕ ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ В HOMO MENSURA ПРОТАГОРА

Author(s): Igor Berestov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

We show that Protagoras could prove his homo mensura thesis by means of two statements ascending to Parmenides. The first statement asserts that any complex (or whole) intentional object can be grasped only “all at once”, and not part by part. The second statement asserts that any intentional act is identical to its content. We can deduce from these two statements that any different intentional acts are always directed to different intentional objects. This is even more radical thesis than “relativism about truth”, which is traditionally ascribed to Protagoras: any proposition is true iff it belongs to the subject’s system of beliefs. In conclusion, we show that not only the homo mensura thesis can be interpreted as a consequence of the above provisions of Parmenides, but certain Gorgias’ statements can also be considered in a similar way.

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ТЕОФРАСТ. О ПЕРВЫХ НАЧАЛАХ

Author(s): Eugene Afonasin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

Cicero (De natura deorum 1.13.35), Clement of Alexandria (Protrepticus 5.58) as well as Proclus (In Timaeus 35А) inform us that Theophrastus [372–287 BCE] inclined to identify the god and the sky (the stars are animated therefore divine). In the article we will see that, indeed, the student of Aristotle frequently professes ideas that would surprise the philosopher of Stagira. For instance, he frequently insists that the kosmos is a living and ordered universe (the whole), and its innate movement is something which cannot be explained with the help of hand-made teleological constructions, such as the first mover. The analysis of the Metaphysics is supplemented in the paper by observations based on Theophrastus’ (Syriac) Meteorology and a selection of the fragments of his lost scientific works. The Metaphysics is translated into Russian for the first time. The reader is also adviced to consult Aristotelian Movement of Animals, a Russian translation of which immediately follows this publication.

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КОНЦЕПЦИИ СУБЪЕКТИВНОСТИ У КАЗАНСКИХ ФИЛОСОФОВ КОНЦА XIX – НАЧАЛА XX в.

Author(s): Olga Yuryevna Poroshenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article investigates the concepts of "metaphysical individualism" (E. Bobrov), “alive subjectivity” (V. Nesmelov), and “being beyond experience” (K. Sotonin), which represent an attempt to integrate the traditions of transcendental and existential philosophy. The analysis of E. Bobrov, V. Nesmelov and K. Sotonin’s “non-classical” views allows us to embed these philosophers in the Russian tradition, which was historically represented in Kazan by N. Lobachevsky, N. Vasiliev, and V. Khlebnikov.

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Śmierć Boga, śmiech człowieka

Author(s): Marcin Smerda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2015

Author of the article starts with a question about the meaning of the activity that is writing. He looks for answers in ‘The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences’ by Michel Foucault, which – according to the author – emerged from the experience of the laughter, triggered by the book of Jorge Louis Borges, in which he included an excerpt from the Chinese encyclopedia describing the classification of animals. The author is analyzing this phenomenon in detail, inter alia in the context of what about the laughter thought Georges Bataille, who greatly inspired Foucault. However, the author does not end his deliberation with an answer to the question: ‘Why Foucault wrote ‘The Order of Things’’, where the philosopher announced ‘the death of man’ for the first time. He is trying to go deeper and answer the question: ‘why the man had to die?’

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ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИЯ, ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛ И ТЕЛЕСНОСТЬ ЧЕЛОВЕКА: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТОЧКИ ПЕРЕСЕЧЕНИЯ

Author(s): Olga Olegovna Dasaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The paper justifies that human corporeality can be regarded as an existential. The concepts of existence, existential, and phenomenal body are analyzed. The human body is proved to be existential after considering it as a mode of existential experience and analyzing phenomenal corporeality. The main features of existentiality and existence are singled out. Their relation to the human body is emphasized. Considerable attention is paid to the body transcendence. At the same time, the borderline nature of corporeality in the world is stressed. The novelty of the problem is that the human body is not considered as an obstacle to existence, but rather as an existential entity.

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КОНЦЕПТ ВОСТОК В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ДИНЫ РУБИНОЙ

Author(s): Diana Damirovna Ziyatdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The paper analyzes the concept of the East in Dina Rubina’s post-Russian prose within the context of the problem of constructing a representative image of Israel. Being variously implemented in the author’s works, the concept of the East splits into two microconcepts: the Arab and Jewish East. The orientalist discourse becomes the representational sphere of the “foreign” East, whereas the “domestic” East is formed primarily through the discourse of everyday life.

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Zagadnienie pochodzenia idei Boga w ujęciach Kartezjusza i J. L. Wolzogena

Author(s): Paweł Kosiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

My paper concerns René Descartes’s conception of innate idea of God and Johann Ludwig von Wolzogen’s critique of Descartes’s view. I gave a detailed analysis of the content of Meditations on First Philosophy by René Descartes and the content of Obiections to Descartes’ Meditations by Wolzogen, and on that basis, I reconstructed Descartes and Wolzogen’s views. It was also necessary to show the historical context of both philosophers’ ideas. Descartes argued that the idea of a perfect and infinite being was placed in mind by God. Wolzogen wanted to show that Descartes didn’t prove the idea of innate God. He believed that all ideas derive from sense experience and the mind generates idea of God. My main purpose was to show that Wolzogen accepted Thomistic’s view in which the human mind has imperfect concept of God.

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Библейские реминисценции в пьесах Ивана Вырыпаева Июль и Бытие №2

Author(s): Elena Kurant / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

The article makes an attempt to analyze the writing strategy of one of the leading representative of the contemporary literary process: the dramatist, actor, film and theater director Ivan Vyrypaev (based on his mono-drama July and drama Genesis 2). The text of the Bible has been part of literary discourses for centuries. It also appears in the works of Ivan Vyrypaev: as reminiscences and paraphrases, or as the principles of Semitic rhetoric in the plays (reflected in poetic parallelism, para-taxis, etc.). This method is not only a sign of the author’s formal researches, but also imposes the principles of ‘involved reading’ on the audience. This kind of subjective and even subversive reading of the Bible seems to be part of contemporary culture, which seeks to re-explore the metaphysics of the modern world through intuitive exploration of religious experience. In the works of Vyrypaev, the Bible is a cultural concept deeply rooted in the realities of everyday life. Thus, Vyrypaev plays a game with tradition, which oscillates between the categories of privacy and versatility in the attempts to rediscover humanity in the modern world.

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Wokół ideału człowieka – motyw przebaczenia w szesnastowiecznej réécriture Gran Conquista de Ultramar (Wielki podbój zamorski)

Author(s): Agnieszka Durlej / Language(s): Polish,Spanish Issue: 7/2014

En este artículo se presenta el motivo del perdón en la reescritura española de la obra Gran conquista de Ultramar del siglo XVI en relación con el funcionamiento de este motivo en la Ilíada de Homero. Este estudio ayuda a mostrar los caminos que siguen los héroes de los textos analizados para acercarse al ideal de hombre. Se presenta la visión del hombre noble que sabe perdonar. Ese perdón puede referirse tanto a Dios, a los demás, como a si mismo. Tal actitud revela el deseo del héroe de acercarse a la perfección del ser humano.

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Realizm metafizyczny jako inspiracja myśli pedagogicznej : o refleksji antropologiczno-pedagogicznej Stefana Swieżawskiego i jej znaczeniu dla teorii wychowania oraz analiz metapedagogicznych

Author(s): Marek Rembierz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Anthropological-pedagogical reflection is an integral part of Stefan Swieżawski's philosophical research. Pedagogical duties, according to Swieżawski, are an inalienable part of the tasks of philosophy practiced in the trend of metaphysical realism, a philosophy intended to provide an overall consideration and affirmation of human existence. According to Swieżawski, philosophy as paideia is an inalienable element of education and self-education, because human development requires philosophical (intellectual, contemplative) reflection on reality. Within Swieżawski's thought, the relationships between philosophy, religious experience and the image of the world, evoke the problem of the same relations within pedagogy, and guide discussions on the relationship between pedagogy and religion, as well as on Christian or Catholic inspiration within education.

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Znamiona realizmu w koncepcji pedagogicznej Edmunda Bojanowskiego oraz w podstawach procesu jej zmian adaptacyjnych i zachowania tożsamości

Author(s): Maria Loyola Opiela / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Opening orphanages, E. Bojanowski created and perfected his pedagogical concept of education. He shaped its philosophical base in terms of realism, which is only possible in a context that is consistent with a factual reading of the world in which people and things exist. He based his thinking on philosophical anthropology, the Bible, and the Church's teachings, which indicated that man is a unity of body and soul, a person, a child of God. This integral and realistic conception of man resulted in the need for his integral development and education. Bojanowski created a system of early education that takes into account the achievements, in thought and practice, of the Church in education, culture, history and tradition, as well as the specificity of the natural environment, the overall factors influencing the child's upbringing and the organization of institutions. Fidelity to accepted assumptions still ensures the continuation and implementation of adaptive changes while maintaining the identity of the concept and the reconstruction of his integral pedagogy in relation to realistic Thomistic philosophy.

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