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Kompariranje logosa u kršćanstvu sa savršenim čovjekom Ibn Arebija

Author(s): Mansour Mo'tamedi,Vali Abdi / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 68-69/2015

The notion of pre-Christianity logos is found in an abstract form in ancient Greek philosophy as well as Judaism (ancient times and some works of Philo of Alexandria). In Christianity (Prologue to the Gospel of John), logos is for the first time identified with a historical character (Jesus), and Christians, namely, Church elders, attributed to logos some characteristics very much resembling Islamic Gnostic interpretation of the “perfect man”. In Islamic gnosis, Ibn Arabi gave a detailed treatment of the issue of the perfect man and gave standpoints comparable to Christian standpoints on logncesos. Having processed Ibn Arabi’s standpoint and standpoints of his commentators’ on the perfect man, as well as standpoints of Church elders on logos, we have concluded that, despite noticeable differences between these two terms, the question of embodiment of logos in Christianity still makes a huge difference regarding this issue.

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Mythologie und Religiöse Einflüsse in den Mongolischen und Tibetischen Geser-Epos-Versionen

Author(s): Katalin Uray-Kőhalmi / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2008

Im Rahmen einer größeren Arbeit soll der kulturelle Hintergrund von tibetischen und mongolischen Geser-Versionen einer vergleichenden Analyse unterworfen werden. Die ins Auge gefassten Versionen sind die von R. A. Stein (1956) publizierte „Lamaistische oder gLing-Version“, die von M. Hermanns (1965), herausgegebene „Amdo-Version“, eine der ladakischen Versionen von S. Herrmann (1991), die von I. J. Schmidt ins deutsche übersetzte mongolische Druckversion von 1716 samt seinen Ergänzungen (Schmidt 1936; Heissig 1983), dann die ostburjätische Version von M. N. Hangalov (1969) und die westburjätische von M. Imegenov (1995). In allen Versionen bildet der innerasiatische Seelenglaube die Grundlage, die aber in der Mythologie recht große Unterschiede zulässt. Von den großen Religionen ist der Buddhismus — in verschiedenem Maße — am stärksten vertreten, aber auch andere Ideologien haben ihre Spuren hinterlassen.

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A Comparative Study of Tai Ji Quan and Qigong

Author(s): Borislava Lecheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The paper analyses Tai Ji Quan and Qigong, two of the traditional Chinese types of exercising, from four different perspectives: philosophical concept; history; training principles; health benefits. After an extensive review of literature, the study shows that despite of differences in origin and choreography Tai Ji Quan and Qigong share similar theoretical roots, their training methods are overlapping so are the health benefits relatedto their practice. The purpose of the paper is to serve as an accurate source of information for people involved in the practice of Tai Ji Quan and Qigong as well as to contribute to their overall popularization.

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An Afro-Communal Ethic for Good Governance

Author(s): Uwaezuoke Precious Obioha / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The underdevelopment of most African states and the attendant poverty and general social disorder that characterize her polity, is a product of failure of leadership. The hydra-headed monster of corruption and tribal politics seem to have a crippling hold on most states in the continent. These ugly narratives have occasioned the need and the increasing clamor and agitations for good governance. However, in order to address the problem of crises of governance in Nigeria for instance, economic, political and constitutional restructuring to true federalism appear to have been proposed as a solution to all of her problems. As helpful as this proposal may be, I argue that something more fundamental and enduring is needed which is an ethic of identity and solidarity grounded in Afro-communitarianism. As an Afro-communal ethic, identity and solidarity cultivates and promotes the virtues of love, care, complementarity, justice, equity, fairness and patriotism in governance practices. Using the Philosophical methods of critical analysis and synthesis of the current realities of most African States, I argue that the above mentioned virtues are lacking in the governance practices of most sub-Saharan African states and that the lack of these virtues has given rise to tribal, ethnic, ineptitude and corrupt politics/leadership.

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Developing an Online Platform for Promoting Wushu and Qigong Classes in the Confucius Institute, University of Veliko Tarnovo

Author(s): Borislava Lecheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The following paper explores the opportunities for developing an online platform for promoting Wushu and Qigong classes in the Confucius Institute at the University of Veliko Tarnovo. It focuses on Facebook as the most suitable online platform to be used for sharing materials and discusses the main principles upon which the materials in hand were based. The study is useful due to the ever-growing significance of online teaching materials and the need for developing new strategies for Wushu and Qigong promotion in times of great social changes.

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Енергийни практики в китайското изкуство на войната и мира

Author(s): Valeri Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The Chinese cultural tradition connects the origin and existence of the world, the human being and society with the presence of a unified and all-pervading energy substance. This substance creates both the formal structures and their comparability and interrelationship. This universal substance is shared on all levels and aspects of existence, regardless of their manifestation. In this mutual sharing, the substance undergoes its fluctuations and transformations which are expressed in constructive or destructive ways of stimulating or repressing influence. This substance can be perceived, studied, understood, guided, and used, consciously or not. This view delineates the unified cosmos in which the subjective and the objective are only a matter of reference in determining existence.

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Riturile educaționale și inițiatice hinduse. Cazul particular al ritului de trecere Upanayana

Author(s): Hilda Hedvig Varga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

The paper focuses on the topic of educational and adolescence rites in Hinduism, to which the most important rite of this interval of human existence is added: initiation. The educational rites ‒ Vidyārambha (learning of the alphabet), Vedārambha (beginning of Vedic studies) ‒ highlight the time when the individual is at the onset of his growth. The rite of adolescence Keśānta/Godāna (first shaving) represents the celebration of the transformation of the body in this complex process of becoming. Initiation (Upanayana) is, by far, the most intricate rite of passage, which marries the religious sphere with the social and moral one: it opens the gate towards philosophical and theoretical knowledge, it bestows upon the initiated the privilege of moving forward to the next existential stage – that of head of a family (gṛhastha) – through the second birth (dvija), and prepares him for living in a community in which he needs to contribute. Thus, man sets off into the unknown accomplished in every aspect of life, assuming, with responsibility, his active role in the society whose member he is. His becoming ends once the rite of returning home (Samāvartana) is performed, after which the individual is free to rejoin his community, gathering all the fruits and benefits of the knowledge acquired during initiation.

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„Realizacja Dharmy Buddhy w nurcie budownictwa socjalistycznego społeczeństwa”. O początkach drogi do legalizacji pierwszej wspólnoty buddyjskiej w PRL

Author(s): Przemysław Skrzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

The pioneering community of Polish Buddhists called “Zen Circle”, operating in the 1970s, raised well-founded concerns of national public and administrative order bodies. This group, derived mainly from artistic and hippie environments, should be considered one of the most original and radical manifestations of an alternative and contesting culture to the reality of the People’s Republic of Poland. At the same time, the effectiveness of the activities undertaken by the community in the administrative field, led to a precedent situation in which its religious and non-religious activities were legalized. In this article, I reconstruct the administrative efforts made in the first period of community activity (1975–1978), but above all, I analyze the attitudes and motivations of the parties involved in the above-mentioned process: community members, decision-making officials and services responsible for the internal security of the country. Based both on the group’s internal materials and interviews with members, as well as on documents prepared by state bodies, I analyze the process of shaping the identity of the first Polish Buddhists.

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Działalność wspólnoty buddyjskiej „Koło Zen” w latach 1978–1980 w kontekście politycznych i administracyjnych uwarunkowań PRL

Author(s): Przemysław Skrzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

The article attempts to present the beginnings of the first Buddhist community in Poland, the „Zen Circle”, which crystallized and legalized its activity in the conditions of a state with an undemocratic political system. In the chronological aspect, it is a continuation of the content contained in the article entitled The Realization of the Buddha-dharma in the Construction of Socialist Society. On the Beginnings of the Path to the Legalization of the First Buddhist Community in the People’s Republic of Poland, focusing on the period when the painter Andrzej Urbanowicz (1938–2011) was the leader of the community. This text presents and analyzes the further efforts of Buddhists who, under the leadership of Andrzej Janusz Korbel (1946–2015), developed effective forms of religious and popularizing activity, and led to the registration of the community (1980), despite police and administrative repressions that began almost a decade earlier. In the second part of the article, I pre- sent some possible reasons for the decision taken by the Office for Religious Affairs to enter the „Zen Buddhist Community in Poland – Religious Association” into the register of associations. The lack of preserved documentation containing the formal argumentation of this decision prompts us to formule hypotheses that will be discussed in more detail in the doctoral dissertation being prepared.

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Anti-Enclosures and Nomadic Habits: Towards a Commonist Reading of Deleuzoguattarian Nomadology

Author(s): Jędrzej K. Brzeziński / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2023

he paper has several objectives linked to Deleuzoguattarian nomadology. After a brief reconstruction of the concept, it proposes a selective reading oriented towards commonist, autonomist and posthumanist tropes. In this reading, noma-dism is understood above all as a movement of countering or resisting enclosures and sustaining vital relations with broadly understood commons. It also critiques certain tendencies, present in Deleuze and Guattari, which make such reading unobvious: abstraction, deterritorialization and postmodern Nietzscheanism. The second part of the article is an inquiry on habits, still from a Deleuzoguattarian perspec-tive. It contests the traditional story about private property as a condition of the development of good habits and reveals an array of ‘nomadic habits’ outside of sedentary, bourgeois and capitalist models of social reproduction. It argues that such understood habits can be seen as the anthropological basis of commoning.

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Философско-смисловото поле на преводаческо-интерпретативната техника на гъ-и

Author(s): Yana Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article aims to present the controversy surrounding the geyi's translation and interpretation technique, which was used in the third and fourth centuries in China, commonly translated as "matching concepts", which is the most distinct manifestation of the adaptation of Buddhist concepts to classical Taoist doctrines. For this purpose, its basic philological and philosophical interpretations of the term are presented. Studying the spread and adaptation of Buddhist doctrines in China gives the unique opportunity to balance these two opposing positions. The very specificity of the philosophical sense of the translator and the interpretive technique of the geyi is considered in its aspect as one of the main factors that shaped the features of Chinese Buddhism and its subsequent final detachment from its Indian equivalent. Its use and improvement mark the beginning of the formation of East Asian Buddhism as an essentially new Buddhist doctrinal strand.

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Bilginin Mahiyetine Dair Tartışmaya On Altıncı Yüzyıldan Bakmak: Kutbüddîn elÎcî Örneği

Author(s): Murat Kaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

Islamic thought, no matter what tradition it belonged to, went through a process in which almost all thinkers after the twelfth century were also commentators of Avicenna (d. 428/1037). When this phenomenon combined with Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī's (d. 606/1210) ability to problematize, his critical readings revealed the aporias and turned them into problems which would occupy the thinker’s mind after him and waiting to be solved. The quiddityof knowledge has an important place among these, both in terms of being closely related to many issues where ontology, epistemology and axiology intersect and being a problem area where the Islamic intellectual traditions’ conception of existence is directly reflected. As seen in the analyses of many thinkers, notably Râzî, the ontology, quiddity and category of knowledge in Avicennian philosophy contain elements that are conducive to encountering important challenges when the system as a whole is taken into consideration. Accordingly, scholars like Shams al-Dīn al-Isfahānî (ö. 749/1349), al-Taftāzānī (ö. 792/1390), al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī (ö. 816/1413), Alî al-Qūshjī (ö. 879/1474), al-Dawwānī (ö. 908/1502), Sadr al-Dīn al-Dashtakī (ö. 903/1498) have taken the discussion to a further point both in terms of identifying the problem and revealing its implications and proposing solutions. This study aims to analyze the sixteenth-century thinker Kutb al-Dīn al-Ījī’s treatment of this problem who inherited the debates of past on the matter in question. He carries out his evaluations especially through the Alī al-Qūshjī (ö. 879/1474), al-Dawwānī (ö. 908/1502) and al-Dashtakī’s comments on the subject. He makes important contributions by analyzing these scholars’ solution offers concerning the problem of categorical status of knowledge and putting forward his own approach. He thinks that Alī al-Qūshjī’s distinction between realization (husūl) and subsistence (qiyām), al-Dashtakī’s theory of transformation and al-Dawwānī’s offer to not put the knowledge under the category of quality are problematic from various aspects.

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Развитието на „индийската нишка“ в Европа: пренос и рецепция на източните идеи на Запад

Author(s): Yana Stephanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article examines the earliest evidence of the transmission of Indian and Buddhist ideas. The aim is to outline a schematic mental “map” of the first contacts between Ancient Greece and Europe during the early Middle Ages and India in a socio-cultural and religious-philosophical aspect, without claiming absolute comprehensiveness. The historical-philosophical method was used in order to establish the lines of reception, to discover the specifics of the changes during its transmission and, accordingly, the differences that appeared, and to indicate the historical-philosophical connections and moments of “intersection” of the two traditions under consideration. The proposed article is the beginning of a series of articles that will explore in a similar manner the development of the “Indian thread” in Europe until the flowering of mature Indology in the 18th century, as until now there is no similar presentation in the Bulgarian language. The aim is not to bring to the fore a supposed influence on Christianity, nor to debate which came first, but only to show that familiarity with Indian philosophy-religious reality is not something that appears 'suddenly'. The study of the historical-philosophical context of each of the periods would provide clarity on the level of familiarity and the method of reception and interpretation of the "new knowledge" on which to base texts on East-West dialogue in modern times.

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The Importance of Symbols in the Sufi Tradition: An Example of the Concept of Justice

Author(s): Tuğçe Şensöz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The concept of justice is a concept that has been emphasized in every age, every religious and moral life style and every culture since the emergence of the philosophical way of thinking. In all social, religious or moral perspectives, the concept of justice is expressed with different symbols in a guiding nature. Symbols inspired by nature such as the sun, moon and stars are also examples of these. We see that the concept of justice is discussed and examined in the light of symbols in the Mayan civilization, Ancient Chinese teachings and Ancient Greek thought, as well as in the Islamic Sufi tradition. The concept of justice, which is the sum and integrator of the virtues, regulates their functioning and organizes the entire moral life within the framework of the principles of fairness and equality, has functioned like a sun or a pole star in the Islamic Sufi tradition. In this article, the place of the concept of justice in Islamic mysticism will be discussed through symbols. Considering justice as a natural figure, its effect on the Sufis' perception of spirituality will be examined, based on the original definition that emerged in Islamic Sufism. Thus, it is aimed to make this concept clear and understandable by showing the aspects of the concept of justice, which has a deep-rooted historical and cultural background, that contribute to both theoretical and practical life in Islamic Sufi thought.

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The Act of Grieving in The Philosophy of Așik Veysel- The Role of Cultural Codes in the Healing Process in Spiritual Support and Guidance

Author(s): Emel Sünter,Nisan Şaşal / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Aşık Veysel is an important representative of the minstrel tradition in the context of Turkish thought. Looking at the philosophical depth of his poems, it is possible to see a philosophy of life. The subject of this study is to analyse the meaning of the image/metaphor of the act of pouring trouble in one of his poems and to determine how this image is effective in the healing process in spiritual support and guidance. In other words, it is to examine the effect of cultural codes on people in an anthropological context. In this sense, it is an applied study. The study was carried out in a tent city in Adıyaman, one of the provinces damaged by the earthquake that occurred in 11 provinces on 6 February 2023. The study was conducted in two different time periods. Four different groups were studied. In this study, the impact of spiritual support and guidance activities on "adults" was presented. In summary, when we look at the effect of cultural codes on the healing process, it can be seen that it contributes greatly to the search for meaning in such extraordinary moments of crisis.

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Митологични основи на „изкуството на медицината“ – от етика към морал

Author(s): Ilinida Markova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

How does morality “begin”? Can it be preceded by “something else” and is it the finale of human culturality? Moving through the chronotope, an attempt is made to argue for extra-historicity in order to address the private scientific interest in the “art of medicine.” Historicity is used as a “witness” against itself. The conflation of the mythological, the ethical and the moral seems inevitable, and, at the same time, the need for distinction is imposed. The starting point are mythological figures that are known to have healed both the bodies and souls of mortals and gods. Cognitive acts would not be possible without available landmarks, and humanization is a consequence, not a cause.

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The Development of Chinese Martial Arts in Light of the Chinese Bridge Proficiency Competition – a Case Study of Bulgaria

Author(s): Borislava Lecheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The paper analyses the popularity of Chinese martial arts and health regimen (Wushu and Qigong) among competitors in the Chinese Bridge Proficiency in Bulgaria from 2019 to 2022. The study indicates that Chinese martial arts and Qigong are relatively popular among Bulgarian students, Taijiquan and Kung Fun Fan being the most popular styles to be presented. Furthermore, the study gives a broader perspective of how different aspects of the language and culture of China are perceived by students.

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ANDOVA ARHITEKTURA IZMEĐU ZAPADNE I JAPANSKE ESTETIKE: PROSTOR, SVETLOST, PRAZNINA

Author(s): Nebojša Banović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2024

The work aims to present how comparative aesthetics as such, in a sense of transcultural aesthetics, has been actual and that its justification has been found inside architectural parts of Japanese architect Tadao Ando. Besides, the author has been seeking to register and percieve all the elements of Ando’s architecture which on one side its basis and origin find in Western architecture while on the other hand aimes to illuminate the crucial moments of Ando’s work whose existence has been based on traditional Japanese (Eastern) aesthetics of emptiness. Moreover, the interpretative approach has been mostly guided by Figal reflexive notes/references which thematize both important guidilenes of contemporary architecture as well as fundamental concepts of Ando’s work.

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Die Praxis Der Transformation Des Subjekts Und Die Phanomenologische Arbeitsphilosophie (Im Ausgang Vom Husserlschen Manuskript „Sokrates — Buddha“)

Author(s): Georgy Chernavin / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2024

The article examines Husserl’s conception of Buddhism, which was largely determined by the reading of the “Majjhima-nikaya” in Karl Eugen Neumann’s translation. It is a general and dotted image in which no distinctions were made regarding the eras, traditions and schools of Buddhist philosophy: an image that an interested European reader might form after reading the 152 sutras of the “Collection of Middle Instructions” of the Pali Canon. Nevertheless, it seems a productive task to interpret this image in order to better explain Husserl’s conception of phenomenology about itself, regardless of the naivety of the image under discussion from the point of view of Buddhology. This article puts forward the following theses for discussion: Husserl understood Buddhist thought as a “conjugate detail (Gegenstuck)” that complements the phenomenological science of transcendental subjectivity by contrast. Specifically, he interpreted Buddhism as a path to the transcendental position not from the critique of science, but from practice—as a suspension of the mythical picture of the world and the“ practical general thesis” of the natural attitude. Although Buddhist thought according to Husserl, like phenomenology, is aimed at “revealing the transcendental position,” it nevertheless does not establish a science (in the radicalized Husserlian sense). In fact, Husserl uses this rough outline (characterizing Buddhism as “transcendentalism without science”) to emphasize the dynamics of his own phenomenological“ working project of philosophy (Arbeitsphilosophie).” The “Collection of Middle Instructions” of the Pali Canon serves as an occasion for Husserl to thematize the specific combination of seriousness and playfulness that characterizes his phenomenology as “carefree care”; this helps Husserl to express the driving force of phenomenological labor (“work fervor” (Arbeitsfieber)).

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Hermeneutical Reflections on the Human Condition as Established in Quranic Chapters Al ‘Asr “Time” and At-Tin “The Fig”, Informed by Inspirations from Exegete Said Nursi, in Light of Man’s Accountability in this World

Author(s): Naailah Duymun Demirtaş / Language(s): English Issue: 41/2024

This philosophical article is located at the intersection of hermeneutics and literary analysis. Scriptures and exegeses have been studied as literature for a long time (Berlin, 2016). The premise is that the Quran is a literary text and so is the exegesis the Risale-i Nur (Nursi & Vahide, 1995; Nursi, 2005) which is a contemporary interpretation of the Quran, relevant to this discussion. The article presents a textual analysis and a discussion of general human condition in light of key verses from two surahs/chapters from the Quran, supported by interpretation and further explanation from selected thoughts of the Risale-i Nur (The Treatise of Light) (Nursi & Vahide, 1995; Nursi, 2005) and selected Hadiths/the Prophetic Traditions. The discussion leads to a synthesis where the extent of man’s accountability in life and in this world is presented primarily in light of Nursi’s interpretation. While weighing the impact of man’s actions and the degree of his responsibility in his personal and social life, the article concludes by affirming the wisdom of surah Asr “Time” (Quran:103) in positioning the human as a contingent being who is at the mercy of a Higher Being who is in control of everything while sustaining man. The article showcases the condition of man as a state of ‘loss’ which is two-fold. Firstly, it is in terms of man’s contribution to generating a lost society that is ravaged by man’s egocentric actions, which may result in frustration, conflict, wars, economic and political turmoil, general chaos, and fear, among others. Secondly, it involves man’s inability to deal with setbacks and calamities triggered by natural phenomena, which include diseases and other problems. Unless man remains patient, resilient, and submitted to the Higher Being, he cannot cope with and deal with these issues in his life. Thus, once he relies on the Higher Being and does not complain, man confirms the verses in surah At-Tin “The Fig” (Quran: 95), that states that man is of “best of stature”, as God intended him to be. It is only patience in adversity, belief and trust in God, and gratitude that bring solace to man’s condition.

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