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Między nature a nurture. Transfer międzypokoleniowy, epigenetyka i „więzy krwi”

Author(s): Anna Artwińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

This article explores two family or generational narratives – Anna Janko’s A Minor Extermination and Sergey Lebedev’s Oblivion – to tackle the question of intergenerational transmission, including from a biological perspective. Artwińska is interested in the inscription of figures and metaphors belonging to the genealogical discourse, as well as in their function in and beyond the text. Janko’s work can be read as a literary manifestation of the concept of epigenetics, while Levedev’s presents the metaphorization of problems related to the image of ‘blood ties’. The two family narratives exemplify how topical the notion of generation is in its genealogical dimension.

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Na początku był błąd…

Author(s): Monika Rudaś-Grodzka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Plato’s Timaeus, a dialogue on the creation of the world and the soul of the world, mentions a hidden mistake or defect inscribed into the structure of the cosmos. Gnostic philosophers examined this passage in the first and second centuries. In the Syrian-Egyptian writings of the Nag Hammadi Library, this mistake, on which matter is founded, becomes key to understanding the world as emptiness (kenoma). A similar perspective can be found in Isaac Luria’s Kabbalistic ideas as well as in the works of Franz Kafka. The latter’s short story ‘The Cares of a Family Man,’ a testimony to spiritual experience in which the author approaches the limits of what is human, has been variously interpreted by Theodor Adorno and other philosophers. Walter Benjamin and Gershom Scholem have made Odradek a reference point in their theological discussions. Rudaś-Grodzka’s anamorphic approach, meanwhile, presents a new reading of the story.

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ФАНТАСТОВЕДЕНИЕ И ТЕОРИЯ ЖАНРОВ

Author(s): Artem Aleksandrovich Zubov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Science fiction studies is a relatively young branch of the humanities that has emerged in the middle of the 20th century. Currently, science fiction studies is a vast network of interdisciplinary research that concentrates on functionality and poetics of fantastic (or, as John Clute has promoted since 2007, ‘fantastika’) literature, cinema, video games, comics etc. Search for genre identity is one of the main concerns of the genre theory in both academic methodology and science fiction studies. Scholars commonly single out three main approaches in the genre theory: essentialism, structuralism, and pragmatism. None of the approaches is universal, i.e., they are all characterized by both benefits and certain limits. While the former two approaches are influential and established analytical paradigms, the latter one is a recent analytical invention. Pragmatism of the genre theory is interdisciplinary per se – its methodology is based on social sciences, sociology of literature, cultural studies, and discourse studies. Pragmatism derives from a number of branches of the humanities in order to solve fundamental problems of the literary theory, particularly the problem of genre genesis. This paper is an attempt to delineate contours of the genre theory in science fiction studies from essentialism to pragmatism.

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TEXTUL LITERAR ȘI ECRANIZAREA – FIDELITATE ȘI ECHIVALENȚĂ

Author(s): Maria Cătălina Radu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2013

This article aims at presenting the transposition of the literary work in the film, identifying the common elements between these two arts, as well as the incompatibility of these two semiotic systems. One of the main aspects of this article is the problem of the fidelity of adaptation in relation to the literary source. From this problematic, I developed the central theme of the article - the impossibility of finding a perfect equivalence between the text and the image. However, on the basis of this relation of equivalence and fidelity, I have analyzed the similarities between the process of adaptation and that of translation. The conclusion of this article is that literature and cinema are two different systems, two distinct arts, but similar in originality.

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autoproletaryzacja w prozie Polaków migrujących do Niemiec, Irlandii i Wielkiej Brytanii

Author(s): Dirk Uffelman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

This article investigates prose by Polish migrant writers by scrutinizing depictions of low-paid work, not only in the fictional texts but also in biographical sketches about the authors in blurbs and anthologies. Uffelmann adduces sociological studies on the ‘contradictory social mobility’ of Polish work migrants to show that devices of social self-degradation in migrant literature allude to the no-less-contradictory social situation faced by many migrant workers. His methodological approach is rooted in postcolonial theories, especially those that focus on paradoxical appropriations of identity. The main focus of the article is on ‘self-proletarianization’ and its function as an apotropaic twist: writers who ‘proletarianize’ either their protagonist(s) or themselves aim to achieve paradoxical recognition as artists.

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Żywy trup. Jak kultura popularna reprodukuje lęk przed wykluczeniem

Author(s): Tomasz Nowicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2013

In this article I describe how “different” and “inclusion” act in texts of popular culture on ex­ample of the living dead concept. I claim that the living dead is a political category. There is a story about naked life which is designated to be a biopolitical substantiation. The paradigm for the concept of a living dead is a concentra­tion camp.

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Pour une esthétique de la traduction : traduire « Noël » de Stanisław Vincenz

Author(s): Olena Berezovska Picciocchi / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

In the 1970s, novelist and literary theory scholar Hans Robert Jauss developed the modern concept of the “aesthetics of reception” or “reception‐aesthetics” (German Rezeptionsästhetik) of a literary work. This notion can be applied to a translation process that aims at finding the strategies for an optimal aesthetic reception. In this article I shall examine the translation strategies of Barbara Wanders de Vincenz who translated into French the ethnographical studies on the traditional Christmas celebrations in the Carpathians. They were written by her father, Stanisław Vincenz, a 20th century Polish writer, and were included in his masterpiece Na wysokiej Połoninie (On the High Uplands).

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Alienation and Dislocation versus Homeliness and Norm in Patricia Highsmith’s Strangers on a Train and The Talented Mr Ripley

Author(s): Joanna Stolarek / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

The aim of this article is to scrutinise the problem of alienation and dislocation in the context of homeliness and norm in the United States after World War II in Patricia Highsmith’s (1921-1955) Strangers on a Train and The Talented Mr Ripley. The author examines normality and oddity with respect to the main characters’ home environment and their relations with other protagonists. The emphasis is placed on the analysis of Charles Anthony Bruno from Strangers on a Train (1950) and Tom Ripley from The Talented Mr. Ripley (1955), psychopaths and killers, depicted as unfulfilled artists, marginalized by their community, mostly due to their homosexual inclinations and extravagant behaviour. The author of the article is going to show how Highsmith’s protagonists, being homosexuals and strangers, are exposed to the suspicious examination of an orthodox society that hounds them. As a lesbian, the writer was imbued with a feeling of social non-conformity and her status as an American living in Europe also marginalized her, making her as much of an outsider in her chosen home as she had been in her country of birth (Fort Worth, Texas). The author of this article is going to prove how Patricia Highsmith’s living in deeply conservative American society affected her depiction of fictional homes and the creation of the characters who operate outside the norm and live on the fringe of society.

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Live and Let Di(n)e. Food and Race in the Text of the American South. Recenzja

Author(s): Aleksandra Drzał-Sierocka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2018

Recenzja/Review

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The Shameless Dance Cannot Last Forever

Author(s): Kinga Dunin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

From a sociological perspective, shame is an instrument of social control, while shamelessness is a way to break out from under that control. One strategy of shamelessness is camp, both as a poetics and as a practice. Dunin’s analysis of Witold Gombrowicz’s short story ‘Lawyer Kraykowski’s Dancer’ as well as Michał Witkowski’s ‘life writing’ attempts to answer how effective this strategy is and to identify its limits.

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In-Between-Space. Anthropologies of Everyday Life, of the City and of Literature in Miron Białoszewski’s Chamowo

Author(s): Agnieszka Karpowicz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This article builds on and supports Roch Sulima’s claim that Miron Białoszewski’s works, saturated with anthropology, can serve as an inspiration to anthropologists of everyday urban life. Focusing on the poetics of space in Chamowo, Karpowicz examines how a literary relationship to urban spaces intersects with their artistic creation. This creation not only problematizes the experience ability of urban spaces, but it also represents an anthropological perspective in research on everyday urban life as postulated and realized by Sulima. Reading Białoszewski’s Chamowo through such lenses as anthropology of everyday life, auto-ethnography, contemporary research on urban spaces and geopoetics, Karpowicz demonstrates the enormous significance of literature for the study of urban spaces within the humanities. Her article also highlights the motif of the city and of the above-mentioned research contexts as key for the task of interpreting a work of literature that self-consciously thematizes its biographical and geographical rootedness

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„Грозни прози“ на Гео Милев. Преосмисляне на библейските символи

Author(s): Evdokia Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2015

The “Ugly proses” texts are devoted to uprising in 1919 in Germany. By his ecstatic expressionistc language Geo Milev paint a verbal picture of a burst, outdated moral reality, which is like a resurrection for those who are like already dead in this reality. This historical event is presented in the symbolism of the biblical context which enchances the feeling of predertermination of the event and its perception as an apocalypse. Namely that is typical in the spirit of expressionistic poetics.

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LES OUBLIS DE L’HISTOIRE LITTÉRAIRE ROUMAINE : LA POÉSIE DE GUERRE

Author(s): Corina Croitoru / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2019

Forgotten Issues of Romanian Literary History: War Poetry. Having as a starting point a general reflection on the belonging of Romanian literature to a cultural geography constantly conditioned by history, this study aims to question the reasons why Romanian poetry of the Great War represents for over a century a taboo subject of Romanian literary history, contrary to tendencies in international literary history.

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LIRE LE SOCIAL DANS LA DÉNÉGATION. SUR LES POSSIBILITÉS D’UNE SOCIOLECTURE DU LITTÉRAIRE

Author(s): Magda Răduță / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2019

Looking for the Denegation. Possibilities of Reading the Social Reality in Literature. Despite a disciplinary history filled with embarrassing determinisms, the sociology of literature still tries to overcome al methodological obstacles, by proposing a mediate reading between the literary work and its socio-historical conditions. The present paper examines two recent examples of this mediate reading: Pierre Bourdieu’s homological model between the author’s position in the literary field and its literary production, respectively Jacques Rancière’s argument for an internal literary structure capable of self-explaining. Irreconcilably different, these two readings present nonetheless a common effort: both of them look for the categories of denegation – unintentional textual structures and silent style choices caused by the author’s habitus and by the social practices and constraints.

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FOLKLORE ARCHIVES – WITNESSES OF THE HISTORY OF ETHNOLOGICAL STUDIES

Author(s): Eleonora Sava / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Folklore archives – witnesses of the history of ethnological studies. This study proposes a rereading of the documents kept in a folklore archive from Romania, with a focus on the methods used by those who drafted and archived these documents. The research demonstrates that, in the absence of testimonies regarding the manner in which fieldwork was conducted, the documents of the archive can provide valuable information on the field research and the vision on folklore of several generations of researchers. Thus, archives of folklore are seen as witnesses of the history of ethnology.

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A Project of Inter-peripheral History of the Romanian Novel: The Polish Case

Author(s): Olga Bartosiewicz-Nikolaev,Tomasz Krupa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The main purpose of the article is to identify the most important tendencies in the reception of the Romanian novel in Poland in the 20th and 21st century, thus proposing an original and innovative analysis of the process of the cultural transfer between these two (semi)peripheral cultures. The study focuses on a complete corpus of 95 novels written in Romanian (also by authors from the Republic of Moldova) and translated into Polish between 1931 and 2023, providing a new and comprehensive perspective on a complex issue such as an interperipheral literary exchange. The paper uses statistical and computational methods to conduct a sociological study of literature, thus exploring the social, political, and cultural circumstances that influenced the evolution of the reception of the Romanian novel in Poland, also characterizing the agencies of this phenomenon (writers and translators). Moreover, it attempts to situate the regional Polish case into a broader, global context of the reception of the Romanian novel during the last century.

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The Adventure Novel – Devaluation and Revaluation of the Adventure: Gallants of the Old Court

Author(s): Angelo Mitchievici / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article aims to illustrate that the entire work of Mateiu I. Caragiale, particularly his only novel, Gallants of the Old Court, recuperates as a horizon of possibility the adventure novel in an embryonic-synthetic, concentrated form, with its progression remaining in a state of suspension. Within the novel lies an inscription of the adventure novel through various established formulas, alongside an implicit reflection on the interplay between the adventure genre and the novel, regarding the trajectory and the selection enacted by the author in the matters of existence, as well as history. Thus, the literary contribution of Mateiu I. Caragiale facilitates a perspective on the adventure novel as an inexhaustible resource and its transcending towards a higher level where the adventure attains an ontological-identity dimension of epistemological significance, as posited by Giorgio Agamben for our consideration.

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La liaison dangereuse entre le sous-genre autofictionnel et l’identité de genre en Roumanie post-communiste : dès son origine française jusqu’à la narration de soi queer-féministe dans le cadre de la globalisation

Author(s): Teona Farmatu / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

Considering the conventional and supposedly objective perspective that gender’s authors do not influence writing or that “literature has no gender”, my paper seeks to challenge this preconception. The aim of my study is to explore how the subgenre of autofiction is intricately influenced by gender. Deeply intertwined with themes of identity and individuality, Romanian autofiction, which has been significantly shaped by its French counterpart, has developed within a framework of masculine and patriarchal thought and expression. My primary argument is that the pervasive “masculine dominance” (as Pierre Bourdieu called it) within the Romanian literary landscape has both supported and generated self-fictional narratives that reflect misogyny and sexism from various angles, thereby contributing to the emergence, and establishment of autofiction. Additionally, the ethical implications of self-fiction – which have sparked controversies in both France and Romania – extend beyond the obsolete relationship between facts and fiction; particularly in Romania, it is highlighted how male authors have crafted autofiction while perpetuating dominance and authority, often in regard to women. Beginning with the import of autofiction in post-communist Romania, I critically explore how this subgenre has been received, showing up the paradoxes and limitations of local theoretical discourse on autofiction, which tends to overlook the poststructuralist origins of what seems to be an emancipatory form. Subsequently, I delve into the traditional core of Romanian autofiction by examining its development and the reasons why female authors ultimately dismiss and critique this regulated subgenre, by involving in which could be conceptualise as “self-writing”. Finally, I examine the first Romanian queer-feminist self-writing – Dezrădăcinare [Uprooting] by Sașa Zare.

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“Lent Voices”: The Politics of Romanian Migrant Life Writing

Author(s): Mihnea Bâlici / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This study explores the way Romanian literature written by authors who directly participated in the Romanian emigration to Italy is positioned in the world-literary system, by employing Sarah Brouillette’s concept of “global literary marketplace” and Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek’s idea of “in-between peripherality”. My main argument is that these authors’ marginal position in the literary market is doubled by a reactionary understanding of the function of the literary institution: not as an emancipatory endeavor, but as a site for self-legitimation to the Italian public. Consequently, (semi)autobiographical novels by Romanian badanti in Italy – Lilia Bicec-Zanardelli, Liliana Nechita, and Ingrid Beatrice Coman-Prodan – emphasize migrant exceptionality over solidarity. Their strategies aim to persuade Italian readers by presenting a “special” subset of educated, conformist migrants, while downplaying class consciousness and structural racism. However, these ideological and aesthetic choices cannot be properly understood without a systemic view of this type of literature.

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Bibliografia romanelor memoriei din spațiul românesc (1990–2022)

Author(s): Andreea Mironescu,Cosmin Borza,Mihai Iovănel,Adriana Stan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

This article offers the first bibliography of the memory novels published in the Romanian literary space between 1990–2022. The novel of memory is a literary genre with a global spread, and at the same time a prominent national (sub)genre, spanning from postcolonial societies to post-dictatorial and post-communist cultures. Using lexicographical sources, as well as catalogues and search engines developed by the most important libraries and publishing houses, we identified 230 memory novels released in Romania (and, incidentally, in the Republic of Moldova) during the last three decades. For each item we provide the full bibliographical reference. Additionally, we propose five labels covering the subgenres of the novel of memory: testimonial novel, post-testimonial novel, coming of age novel, transgenerational novel and historiographic metafiction. We use one of these five labels to annotate each item in our list, in order to provide a more nuanced understanding of the formal, thematic, and mnemonic diversity of the memory novels.

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