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VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND THE ITALIANS

Author(s): Maria Alexandra Gutuleanu / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2021

This article is meant to deal with the perception of 19th century Italy and its culture by the Victorian writers of that time, some less known and some representative one, the interactions and social and cultural influences among Italian and Victorian writers. Their fructuous time spent in Italy, help them better interpret the contradictions and contrast of their own English society and to differentiate between the pastoral and idyllic life of Italian natural landscape with the city’s dirt and crime. Italian Risorgimento as well as Victorian England was a period of transition from the old to the new.

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IMPOLITE SPEECH IN THE SADOVENIAN WORKS

Author(s): Codruța Cozma / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 25/2021

This paper focuses on some of the relevant aspects of the visual vocabulary of two influential artists of their time: Jean-Michel Basquiat and Robert Rauschenberg. Due to their uniqueness, both of them managed to have an impact on the artistic community ever since, by shaping their admirers – not a few – and their way of expressing themselves. Given certain appearance-related similarities of their language, paired with the fact that Rauschenberg was admired by Basquiat, this piece of writing brings both of them together, while lightly mapping their contributions to the artistic expression, with an emphasis on the usage of their technical abilities to convey shape and meaning to their intimate interests. Having mentioned that, in the present essay we will start by briefly presenting the general context related to them, the touchpoints – since they were contemporary – and then we will proceed by individually highlighting some episodes of interest in their career, while pointing out their personal, self-related, specificities.The language of the characters in a literary work is a means by which the author creates the atmosphere of the era presented, the mentality of the people and their way of relating to each other. The interpersonal relationship highlights effective communication, but also conflict situations that are manifested at a discursive level through language that is rude and full of offensive notes. The article aims to study the irreverent language of the characters in four historical novels, focusing on its pragmatic role and highlighting the ways of sanctioning such unprotocolar language.

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OBSERVATIONS ON TRAVEL LITERATURE IN THE ROMANIAN CULTURAL SPACE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Author(s): Gabriela Comanescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 25/2021

In the 19th century, in all three Romanian provinces, travel literature represented for writers a work of affirmation of their cultural and literary capacity. Regardless of the form of manifestation (travel memorials, journals, letters, etc.) the travel literature had the purpose of training, documentary value and / or literary value. In the 19th century, a lot of travel was made, first rediscovering each of the Romanian countries, then taking place from one country to another, both in the West and in the East. The travel literature of the 19th century reflects the modernization trend of the society, having a great influence on the modern Romanian literature. We will mention, in these pages, some representative traveling writers of the 19th century, who wrote in Romanian, grouped, in chronological order, according to the historical provinces to which they belong and the type of travel writings they approached.

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LITERATURE - THE ETHICAL - AESTHETIC RELATIONSHIP

Author(s): Nicoleta Flavia Cionte (Dan) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 25/2021

In the literature, a relationship is established between ethics and aesthetics. Ethical aesthetic, good-beautiful relationships are twinned. Ethics synthesizes the rules and regulates human relationships, behaviors and develops norms valid for a community or a society. Aesthetics studies the laws and categories of art at the highest level of creating and receiving beauty. The ethical-aesthetic relationship, good and beautiful, has been highlighted in the history of art and morality because it is permanently involved in the real life of man. The ethical-aesthetic relationship is a vast subject of debate, with various associations and ramifications, so that it is very difficult to exhaust. The ethical norms adopted by students in popular literature constitute the morality derived from reading and interpreting popular texts. Oral literature lives with and through heroes, mythical figures and fabulous characters; they populate the wonderful space of the imaginary.

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THE ROLE OF THE FABULOUS AND THE ROLE OF THE GLORIOUS IN POPULAR LITERATURE

Author(s): Nicoleta Flavia Cionte (Dan) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

Popular creations are no stranger to the fabulous, because they are inspired by the world of mythology, the characters are fantastic, they have unrealistic qualities and the imagined situations belong to the realm of the imaginary. Fabulous refers to something beyond imagination, enormous, extraordinary, belonging to the mythological world, fantastic, wonderful, imaginary, unreal. Numerous Romanian folk creations are kept closer to the archaic meanings of the mythical structures derived from the vertical organization of the space they imagined. The pomp is specific to the holiday and is also found in the imaginary world of popular creations. The splendor shows the pleasure of man for color and light, which floods the entire mythical space, giving it a restful and family air, using its own chromatic, just to customize a certain vision within the sublime. The imaginary universe of popular works is aestheticized, sacralized, accepting the everyday and coexisting the sacred and the profane.

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REFLECTIONS OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGY IN TRAVEL LITERATURE. GEORGE CĂLINESCU AND THE IMAGE OF THE USSR, KIEV-MOSCOW-LENINGRAD NOVEMBER 1946

Author(s): Petre-Florian Draghici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the phenomenon of „travel literature” as propaganda regarding the USSR after World War 2. We focus on our article on the journey in the Soviet Union made by Romanian writer George Călinescu, one of the most famous Romanian intellectuals that became a „fellow traveler” and propagandist of the Romanian Communist Party after 1944.

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FROM LITTLE MERMAID TO ARIEL

Author(s): Nicolae Bobaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

The predominance of the mermaid figure in Western culture in the early modern era, when a number of European powers began to explore, claim and colonize areas of Africa and North and South America seem to have facilitated the spread of this symbolic figure in other cultural contexts. This paper aims at a contextual and analytical reading of the most famous story that has as its central character a mermaid - The Little Mermaid by Hans Christian Andersen - and its adaptations for television and cinema. The whole process of becoming the little mermaid is one characterized by the duality of her experiences. Not only does she have to negotiate the process of physical and mental development, but she also has to deal with the implications resulting from her decision to transform from mermaid to human being. Thus, we aim to analyze and document some of these processes during the transition from folklore to literary tradition and media.

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THE QUALITIES OF THE WOMAN PRESENTED IN THE WORKS OF SOME CLASSIC LATIN WRITERS

Author(s): Mariana-Lăpădat ENE / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

The Roman woman depends socially or legally on the family she belongs to, but as a matron she has an undeniable influence, exercised from the man’s shadow, over the development of some episodes of the Roman history. Her origin, education and character are a concern of the man who can reach recognition and appreciation or can suffer due to her dishonourable behaviour. A large part of the Latin writers was on the line of accusing the man for the inappropriate choice of the wife or her inappropriate behaviour, and approved the legislation that restricted the freedom of movement of the woman in the public space. There are a number of female characters who have proven virtues highly valued in the Roman world such as: chastity, gravity, constancy, modesty, courage, and can be considered models of female behaviour to these days.

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LUCIAN BLAGA - THE NON-METAPHYSICAL VOCATION OF THE BEGINNING

Author(s): Ciprian Claudiu Ciula / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

Any metaphysics as an act of communication beyond the immediate, as a confession of an inspiration lived simultaneously in the field of rational knowledge and in the incomprehension that is intended to be uttered, transcends the state of ecstasy, in which the soul by a self-closure seeks to preserve the principle of Ideas. Objectification as a final act of comprehension - that what is received, written and rendered to the viewer for pre-tasting falls under the burden of comparisons.

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THE TRANSFIGURATION OF ETHNOFOLKLORIC CONSTITUENTS INTO THE CREATION OF THE WRITER SPIRIDON VANGHELI (90 YEARS SINCE BIRTH)

Author(s): Mariana Cocieru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 29/2022

In this article the author identified and researched the functionality of intertextualized ethno-folkloric constituents in the structure of the prose of the Romanian Bessarabian writer Spiridon Vangheli during the years 1960-1980 and assessed the level of assimilation, sublimation, individual aesthetic transfiguration of motifs, symbols and images from mythic-folk creation popular in the prose writer's artworks. The investigation naturally starts from the experience of collecting, editing and researching folklore fruitfully demonstrated by the writer in several specialized works. From the multitude of ethno- folkloric constituents, the atmosphere of ballads, fairy tales and legends mainly attracted Spiridon Vangheli. By cultivating prose for children, he also capitalizes on the constituents of this spiritual field destined and created by children. The dimensions of Spiridon Vangheli's folklorism are highlighted by the creative easiness of the personalizing element, not assimilated by the folkloric one, and the individual reconsideration of some ethno-folkloric constituents depending on his ethical and spiritual predilections, on the proportions and the level of interference with folklore, on the valued species, on his literary orientations.

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VICTORIAN LITERATURE IN ITALY

Author(s): Maria Alexandra Gutuleanu / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2022

This article reveals the complex relationship between British Literature and Italian Literature, British Culture and Italian Risorgimento, Roman Catholicism and Italian history and art. It aims at explaining what Dickens and other Victorian writers tell us about the history and theory of travel, and travel writing. Furthermore, at a time when what can be called modern visual culture began to take shape, the focus shifts to comparing written and visual descriptions of experiences “overseas” in general, and in Italy in particular. It also aims at showing that, by examining how Victorians imagined Italy, we can better understand some of the stereotypes that continue to shape modern tourism. One of the most interesting aspects of Victorian literature reflects the conflict between religion and a rapidly accumulating movement named the Enlightenment. In the Victorian era, poets were encouraged to argue with each other in the heat of Enlightenment. Romantic versus Victorian literature initially becomes a problematic subject.

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A CENTURY OF LITERARYIZATION OF THE PUBLIC SPACE- THE INN

Author(s): Florentina Ghita / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30/2022

The motif of the inn, also known in universal literature, represents a symbolic space, a crossroads of paths and destinies. The heroes of Miguel de Cervantes (Quijote and Sancho Panza), the musketeers of Al. Dumas, the heroes of Al. Pușkin or H.G. Wells stop at the inn. For this reason, many Romanian writers were also interested: Ioan Slavici (Lucky Mill), Ion Luca Caragiale (Mânjoală's inn), Sergiu Matei Nica (The innkeeper from Cuşmărica) etc., but through narrative recurrence, through meanings and fiction, the inn becomes a literary theme only with Sadoveanu.

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ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN SORIN TITEL’S PROSE. “THE BANAT TETRALOGY” AND THE FACES OF MARGINALITY

Author(s): Mia Biligan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2022

Although in many instances Sorin Titel is still regarded as a marginal prose writer of post-war Romanian literature, he is one of the most innovative authors of the period, connected to the new literary tendencies, especially to the French New Wave. In the “Banat tetralogy”, the writer moves away from absurd and Oneirism to a more realistic premises, reconstructing a world in which all the faces of marginality can be found – from gypsies to mixed families or Germans deported after the Second World War. Sorin Titel transposes thus the ethnic variety of Banat recording all their dramas and personal histories through which this space exists. Starting from Pascale Casanova’s theories regarding the distinction between national and international writers, as well as from Jacques Rancière’s conception on ideology, this paper focuses on how Sorin Titel’s novels construct an ideological and democratic discourse, and especially on how his characters recreate the History through their personal experiences, meaning through peripherical views that cause the questioning of some racial preconceptions.

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"VITA CONSTANTINI" - BETWEEN HISTORICAL INNOVATION AND LITERARY TRADITION

Author(s): Isabela-Elena Spirea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2022

It is worth noting in this study that “Vita Constantini” was mirrored, after a thousand years, in Eftimie of Târnovo's "Praise of the Great Saints with the Apostles Constantine and Elena”. It is also worth added that the work of the Bulgarian patriarch then found a moment of rest in Wallachia, through the "Teachings of Neagoe Basarab to his son, Theodosius", in the extensive "Story for the Great Constantine Emperor." Starting with Eusebius of Caesarea's Panegyric, the current study will attempt to demonstrate, as previously stated, that neither time nor distance could prevent the birth and spread of the Constantinian tradition, as a Slavic-Romanian tradition, despite the fact that, for all three works mentioned above, there have been more or less malicious comments regarding their AUTHENTICITY, DATE, and ORIGINALITY.

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THE POPULAR EPIC OF BUCOVINA. BIOBIBLIOGRAPHIC LANDMARKS AND WAYS OF RECEIVING FOLK DISCOURSE

Author(s): Sergiu Crăciun / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

In this article, we want to highlight in a synthetic, scientific and cultural way, biographical and bibliographic aspects, regarding the living presence of literary folklore in the Bucovina cultural space. Our approach will focus on the popular epic, collected and published in various volumes, bibliographic editions within the Romanian bibliography. At the same time, we try to list the representative folklorists originating in Bucovina, who, over time, through the collected folk material, entered the national and international circuit of folk culture. In the same vein, we will indicate a series of methodological and scientific approaches, which are the subject of the interpretation of the methodological and symbolic analysis, of the popular prose from Bucovina, taking as a reference a series of texts from the existing literary folklore area.

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COPYWRITERS VS WRITERS - CHALLENGING INTERFACES UNDER FOCUS

Author(s): Alexandra Georgiana Sălcianu / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

The study is focused on analyzing the multiple interconnections between two professions that involve creativity in generating products of the written communication type, namely those of a copywriter in advertising, and of a fiction writer, respectively. It is maintained that this is a two-way process, within which one can identify recurrent elements and individual specificity, all linked in dynamic, sometimes difficult-to-grasp, manners. A range of features and skills, typical for both the literary creations, and the advertising domain copy authors, are selected from the existing multidisciplinary literature of the field, which are commented upon with a view to providing a range of aspects that could be of interest, not only in terms of literary criticism, but also at a more pragmatic level, that of educating the main stakeholders as far as the choice of high quality impacting advertising solutions are concerned. Exemplifications are provided - mostly from English speaking settings, of professional repositioning, from the copywriting job towards that of writing fiction, or the other way round, which are discussed in order to decipher their subtle mutual interferences.

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SELF - EXPRESSION : FROM AUTOBIOGRAPHY TO AUTOFICTION

Author(s): Alina Mușat / Language(s): French Issue: 33/2023

The aim of this paper is to reflect on the writing of oneself in Doubrovsky’s The Broken Book and Alain Robbe-Grillet’s Romanesques. This article offers a reflection on the issue of autofiction; this concept is shown a growing interest in the sphere of contemporary French literature. Critics struggle to accept a single definition while self-fiction writers have divergent practices. A permanent tension between two different "poles", autobiography and fiction, keeps an oscillating whole in the balance: the childhood story is fragmentary and imaginary, while multiple "proofs" are provided to accredit the fictional character. The questioning of the canonical genre serving as a starting point - the ambition of a "new autobiography" after the "new novel".

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THE POLITICS OF CLASS IN VICTORIAN LITERATURE – AN OVERVIEW

Author(s): Laurențiu Boșog / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2023

Issues of social class make up an inescapable part of reality. As fiction tends to be used to reflect reality, shining various spotlights on issues that plague it, social class and class consciousness inevitably become part of the literary discourse. In this article we will take a quick look at manifestations of class related discourse in Victorian literature, using the works of authors such as Charles Dickens, George Eliot and Henry James as examples.

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From Postmodernism, with Love: Neo-Victorian Sexual/Textual Politics in The French Lieutenant’s Woman

Author(s): Michaela Praisler,Oana-Celia Gheorghiu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Against the backdrop of the sexual revolution that the world was undergoing and of the textual experimentation that literature was undertaking in the late 1960s, the silence of the female characters populating Victorian fiction became nothing less than audible – the source of the debate around the ‘sexual/textual politics’ to have dominated the end of the twentieth century. With The French Lieutenant’s Woman, John Fowles gives a voice to his central character, Sarah Woodruff, and, in so doing, constructs a woman who deconstructs the (predominantly male) canon. Moreover, the novelist weaves her tale into his story and thus builds successive layers of fictionality for the interrogation of outmoded patterns of thought and the associated narrative strategies – symptomatic for the late Victorian era, yet lingering in the mindset of readers a century later. To illustrate the general postmodern ‘dis-ease’ with tradition and the particular subversive manner in which Fowles challenges expectations, the present study lays focus on the cultural production of early Neo-Victorian novels, highlights parody and metafiction as recurrent modes of writing, with frequent incursions into text, context, and intertext.

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Ghostwriting and Spectrality in Robert Harris’s The Ghost

Author(s): Robert Lance Snyder / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

A critique of Tony Blair’s collaboration with George W. Bush in the War on Terror, Robert Harris’s The Ghost (2007) goes beyond its topical subject by exploring the connections between ghostwriting and spectrality. The unnamed protagonist of Harris’s novel is a professional ghostwriter who, after being commissioned to revamp former Prime Minister Adam Lang’s memoirs, becomes enmeshed in various forms of spectrality. While isolated with his hosts in a fortress-like compound on Martha’s Vineyard during the island’s bleak off-season, the ghostwriter experiences the Uncanny firsthand. In the end he compiles a 160,000-word book, not realizing that with the project’s completion he is signing his own death warrant by writing a work about the pursuit of truth. The novel’s coda differs from that of Roman Polanski’s 2010 film adaptation, but Harris’s narrative captures the universality of literary Gothicism.

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