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The digitalization of the museum funds is an important process in the realization of the most important functions of the museums in Bulgaria. The attempts for digitalization of the museum funds are accidental. This paper aims to present a development of Regional Historical Museum – Pernik for digital passporting of museum artifacts.
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In this study we examine the occurrences and correspondences of terms for affinal kinship in a Bulgarian–Ukrainian parallel corpus of fiction. All instances of the terms selected for study, matching and non-matching, were located and counted, and the frequencies compared. Some of the asymmetries found may have roots in culture and history whilst others reflect diverse features of language and the practice of literary translation.
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This paper shows that in the era of rapid growth of technological advances (computerization and the Internet), in villages in Serbia, most farmers have neither computers at their homes nor Internet access. This fact indicates that farmers are excluded from the modern electronic flow of information and announcing, and a lot of important information does not reach them as endusers. Also, farmers are unable to educate and improve professionally, to visit fairs, seminars, lectures due to their poor financial situation. Public Library Radislav Nikcevic in Jagodina, Serbia, having perceived the issue of rural population in villages of the municipality of Jagodina, learned the needs of agricultural producers for fundamental changes. Also, Public Library in Jagodina, based on the research conducted in 2008 and 2009 in the villages in the territory of Jagodina, generated the idea that rural libraries must take an active role in creating new models of changes in the local community. The need for modernization of agricultural production imposed the need to modernize rural libraries through introduction of new services which would be in the function of social, economic and cultural status of rural population. Following the example of modern libraries of 21st century, the concept of modern rural libraries was designed. The Public Library in Jagodina decided to revitalize four rural libraries in the territory of Jagodina and introduce new library services which promoted rural libraries as information and cultural centers of local communities through the project called AgroLib-Ja (Agricultural Library in Jagodina). The project was funded by EIFL (Electronic Information for Libraries) during 2010 and 2011 and since 2011 Serbian Ministry of Culture has continued funding it. Farmers have learned to come to useful information, to exchange experiences and establish cooperation through certain websites and social networks. Also, they learnt that products could be sold and bought on the Internet. This paper shows that the concept of working with innovative services in rural libraries is sustainable for sharing information and linking farmers, which was proved by the librarians in Latvia, Lithuania and FYROM Macedonia which have adapted the AgroLib project to the needs of their local communities, as well as a growing number of libraries in Serbia that are trying to provide funds for the revitalization of rural libraries in their municipalities. Also, we want to prove that the Internet and social networks have an important role in educating farmer and in agribusiness and marketing.
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This paper is focused on the theory, standards and good practices in digitization of archival documents, as implemented in the Scientific Archive at the National Institute of Archeology with Museum (SA of NIAM-BAS). We explored metadata standards for archival documentation ISAD, EAD and “universal” cultural metadata standard Dublin Core trying to choose the best fit for representing of all the fields of SA of NIAM to de facto “standard”, used in NIAM-BAS since the 60s. The archival documentation of archeological museum is very specific and contains five different types of documents: scientific report, field diary, field inventory book, photographic documentation and graphic documentation. The results and current annotation specifics are explained. Perspectives for future information system development are outlined.
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How to organise and realise analog/digital migration of AV documents? Characteristics of analog and digital AV documents. Issues related with changes of television technologies and destiny of AV documents registred on obsolete formats. Passive and active degradation of AV documents. Project of AV migration;lnterdisciplinary team AV archivists, IT specialist, television technology specialists. Optimal solution, joint work with experts from University and industry,related international associations, international knowledge exchange save lot of money. Cheapest, digital archiving solution of AV documents in developing countries.
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Research work process in case of independent archival research (Freelancer) is very interesting, but also challenging. In this article we are observing the example of the description of the legacy of the governor of Dalmatia, enrico mill. We described the obstacles and the problems encountered in the work and the ways in which i was able to overcome them. Paper also explained the way in which i discovered an old forgotten ways of smuggling salt between istria and Friuli. In historical research, one must first clearly identify the surveyed topics, then determine the location of events in time, and then must be confined area where will be conducted research and finding valuable information.
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Apart from the wider social significance of video television archives, including Bosnian and Herzegovinian oldest and richest archive of TV BiH, they are of great importance for the realization of diverse citizens’ rights. Most often, requests are about memories or as a specific proof. Since the video material of the documentary and other nature is mainly categorized as archival material, it is the obligation of the television archives to keep it and, in accordance with the regulations, to submit it to the competent institution (archive, Cinematheque) for the satisfaction of the citizens' personal rights.
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The role of archives in the democratization of the Bosnia-Herzegovina society is of great importance which is reflected in the number of services that archives provide for many users of reforms. The function of the archive is, among other things, important due respect of human rights and freedoms. One of the most important rights is the right to access information. With archival and other legislation, which is quite liberal in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is created a favorable environment for free access to information for the exercise of democratic rights of citizens. Present problems are more technical than substantive-legislative nature, which leads to the need to involve the country in creating a positive, professional and material conditions for the construction of simple and functional system that will enable high-quality and fast access to information.
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History of the State Archives of Styria, which with its 63,000 meters of shelf is largest of all Austrian provincial archives, shows that from the very beginning of the presentation of results Investigations is not limited to the narrow space of experts. Exact and strong scientific and research activity will continue to have to remain a conditio sine qua non, because the National Archives wants to maintain its position as the first provincial research institutions. Number of issued annual publications of historical content shows the interest of a wide circle of people in history and historical research. Many of these publications lack a scientific critique of sources, which may be required of a solid and well-prepared publications. Leave this area only dilettante lay people, so it would be very reckless. Especially in the area of provincial historical research National Archives as "memory landscape" is called that in accordance with the interests of governing, can be summarized and presented to the provincial history through publications that will find its way to the point of the path on which to build further.
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Standardization of archival activities is the current topic of archival practice, both in Europe and in our country, although it must be noted that in our country, this issue is not adequately represented. This paper just deals with the issue of standardization of archival activities, namely standardization of archival terminology as part of the standardization process in the archival profession in general. Standardized archival terminology is an important prerequisite for functional archival services, especially for inclusion in the international archival flows. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt international standards in this area, as well as develop their own, which can then be adapted to international, ie international standards upgrade with own standards. In the period of three years (2007- 2009) I participated in the Autumn archival school in Trieste organized by the International Institute for Archival Science of Trieste - Maribor, and at that time I participated in the development of multilingual dictionaries of archival terminology. This paper also presents the experiences from this school at working on this dictionary.
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The state of manuscripts and printed works of Ottoman period stored in institutions and institutions in Novi Pazar is not encouraging. It is a very important and for researchers very interesting cultural-historical heritage. The largest amounts of these types of archives stored in the the archive "RAS", are fonds of lslamske community of Sandzak, the Library 'Gazi lsabeg”, Museum “RAS”, and in family funds and the wider community. In all the institutions that possess historical sources of Ottoman provenance in Novi Pazar efforts are underway to ensure protection in an adequate manner, arrangement and availability to scholars and other interested parties and to be presented to the public.
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A record office can be considered orderly if all its activities related to records follow the regulation on office and archival activities.It first of all means that the archival book is properly kept. Besides, the archival book as the identity card of any record office is important for all work processes and business activities of a certain holder. It is, for example, necessary to reconstruct the archival materials destroyed in various situations caused by the war, natural disasters and the like. In the event that the original archival book is not preserved the copy of it, if previously delivered to competent archives, will serve the purpose. Proper keeping of the archival book is not only compulsory, but it also reflects how adequately a holder cares of his own archival materials. It is also the obligation of every archival institution responsible to the archival profession and state administration for the condition of the archival materials to be forwarded from the record offices to the archives through the established procedure.
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Library of the Archives of Tuzla Canton has eleven titles of journals in the field of archival science, which are coming out/are published in Sarajevo, Tuzla, Ljubljana, Maribor, Zagreb, Osijek and Belgrade. Some of them are still significant from its professional archival aspect. They show us the archival progress to date and what was the time of establishment and development of archival activities in the former Yugoslavia, because many archives established only after the end of World War II. In them we find many of their experiences, but often reviews of funds that were stored in the archives. Journals from more recent periods have great educational and informative character, producing guidelines and new knowledge among archivists, registrars, students of history and archival science and to all those who handle the registry and archival material. In these journals we can find everything is new, modern and advanced in the field of archival science, including computer science. Some of these new themes are: the new international standards, linking archival science and information technology and the experience obtained by colleagues who work in this field, archival profession and its place in the European Union and importance of electronic records, material owned by private individuals, digitization of materials and even all the new experiences in the field of archival science, as well as all valuable experiences that is brought by the authors not only from European countries but also from other continents. Besides these topics, these journals constructively bring the contents of the important issues in the field of archival business such as valorization of archival terminology, protection structure and its restoration, legislation accompanying archival business, networking and cooperation of archives and exchange of experiences, etc. We expect this contribution initiate completing missing numbers indicated archival journals and ensure that revives interarchival exchange of journals.
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This paper discusses the way in which arranged archival holdings and collections affect the process of use and research. We distinguish orderly archival fonds and collections with registry listings. Archives, especially in our region are not able to handle all stored archival archival materials because of the lack of personnel in the services and treatment as a solution imposed by better cooperation and a higher degree of education archivist working with creators of archive material which ultimately should result in obtaining unprocessed current records as whole fonds. Archival arranged backgrounds and collections are suitable for fast searching and research, and the ordering of archival fund or collection is the precondition for digitizing and microfilming them.
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In summary we can state that there are not many differences between archival standards ISAD(g) in one side and information in electronic archival information system AFondy and Methodological instruction for priority processing archival fonds on the other side. As yet unresolved area we see a strict hierarchical division of information about archival described by the level of individual items. Impulse for comparison with international standards, use of archival applications was need to solve a question if we are “compatible” with the world. Even before the future we take a final decision to adopt the standard or not, we have to answer a lot of questions. Hereby, we must recognize the entering of computer processing, online access to archival documents has influence at the unit and content of archival description. Maybe to the final decision help view of Lisa Weber, who says “The use of standards for archival description allow to avoid syndrome perpetual inventory making and force archivists to take the final decision and not to return constantly to solve the same issues.”
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The autor explains a problem of preservation of archival materials in electronic form. He analyses a structure of electronic objects by breaking it down into three levels - physical, logical, and conceptual. Each level has its own characteristicsand characteristics that result form the level interconnections. The auhor explains their role in the process of long - term preservation of digital materials. Further he defines the problem of preservation as a problem of enabling access to elekttronic resourcs through the long - time period. The author analyses specific issues dealing with a preservation of autjhenticity in electronic environment through the description of the structure of electronic record and its basic characteristics. He gives a crtical view of the system for identification, evaluation and selection of preservation methods. Finally, he elaborates the critera for institutional readines and ambition for the long-time preservation of digital materials.
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At present Slovenian archival service is involved in two working groups: in the forum OLM (for the management of electronic records) and in the project group compiling the new edition of the "Report on Archives in the European Union" (better known as the "Black Book"). The latter is based on the Council Resolution of May 6th, 2003 on Archives in Member States. For the period of the next several years, the new "Black Book" predicts a wide spectrum of cooperation between archives of the member states and EU institutions, covering specific activities and actions in al most every area of archival services. The second part of the paper dis cusses project options. Regarding the cooperation you may find numerous possibilities to apply for funds of various EU programmes as well as to cooperate with partners in Slovenia and abroad crossdiscipli nary connections included. Such possibilities undoubtedly will continue to grow in the future. The third part deals with EU legislation in regard to archival profession. Namely, most of the documents of the European Com munities that regulate archival activities are not obligatory, but recommended. In the majority of cases such documents are recommendations or resolutions, serving as a basis for the archival cooperation be tween present and future EU members and institutions of the European Communities. Obligatory documents such as instructions do not often in terfere directly with archival professional activities, but deal with them indirectly or partly (export of cultural goods, exploitation of information for the public, harmonization of copyright and related rights) and are subject for other national acts. Of great importance is their harmonization with archival acts.
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The paper presents general issues and models of functionality tests, impact and value of libraries. Areas of research and international standards are presented and the most important projects and initiatives in the United States and Europe (excluding Polish) are discussed.
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Eine grosse Bedeutung für die Schulerziehung der rumänischen Jungen hatte der Buchsverkehr im schülerischen Milieu. Zuerst lässt sich es bemerken, dass der Buchsverkehr ziemlich beschränkt war, besonders in der dörflichen Umgebung. Die zwei rumänischen Kirchen (bzw. orthodoxe und griechisch-katholische) suchten durch alle Mitteln auf, kirchliche Bücher vorwiegend ihren Gemeindemitglidern zu verbreiten. Sowohl die wirtschaftlichen Schwierigkeiten als auch die hohe Analphabetismus-Quote unter Rumänen bewogen nur eine Minderheit der Geistlichkeit und des Lehrkörpers die von der kirchlichen Hiererchie beharrlich empfohlenen Bücher zu bestellen. Deswegen suchten die zwei rumänischen Bistümer andere Mitteln für das Buchsdiffusion auf, insbesondere dasjenige in der rumänischen Sprache, das als ein kulturelles Fortschrittsmittel betrachtet wurde, wenn sich das ungarische Nationalismus immer erbitterter manifestiert hat. Derart tritt ins Dasein die Idee manch parochialer und schulerischer Bibliotheke. Die ersten Statuten der Organisierung der parochialen und schulerischen Bibliotheke sind in 1882 abgefasst worden. Bis zum Ende des 19then Jahrhunderts wurden Bibliotheke in der Mehrheit der orthodoxen und griechisch-katholischen Pfarrgemeinden begründet. Der Buchsbestand dieser Bibliotheke hat trotz der wirtschaftlichen Schwierigkeiten und der politischen Begrenzungen konstant zugenommen. Die Anzahl und die Vielfältigkeit der von diesen Bibliotheken besessenen Bücher waren ein entscheindender Faktor zur kulturelle Emanzipierung des rumänischen Volks.
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