THE ATTITUDE OF MEMBERS OF CERTAIN VULNERABLE SOCIAL GROUPS TOWARDS POLICE TREATMENT

Author(s): Bojan Stanković,Dalibor Kekić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The position of vulnerable social groups is very specific for several reasons, primarily due to the treatment by society. The aim of this paper is to examine, from the perspective of those who report security events, the relationship that the police establish towards national minorities, displaced persons, socially vulnerable persons, women and persons with disabilities, as the most numerous categories of socially vulnerable groups. For this reason, special attention is paid in the work to their attitude towards police officers in situations of handling their incident reports. Their relationship is even more complex if viewed through the prism of the influence of the police subculture on the behavior and treatment of police officers towards members of vulnerable social groups. In those situations, the police is expected to react non-discriminatory and act in accordance with prescribed legal norms, bearing in mind the specific position that members of vulnerable groups have in the social community. In order to assess the attitude of vulnerable groups towards the police and to improve their efficiency in dealing with the police, a survey was conducted with the application of the survey technique using a stratified sample.

COOPERATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA WITH INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN COMBATING INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM

Author(s): Cristina Ejova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

After the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, terrorism has been perceived as a paramount threat to security at all levels of international functionality – local, national, regional, interregional, and global. Terrorism can be referred to as a peril, a real and long-lasting threat of significant proportions. Currently, it is one of the major factors that affect global development and shapes the socio-political agenda at all levels, from national to international.The Republic of Moldova is in solidarity with the activities of both state and non-state actors aimed at countering terrorism. While the capacities of the Republic of Moldova are relatively limited, it takes a firm stance against terrorism and has always expressed readiness to align with international efforts.The Republic of Moldova considers the consolidation of international efforts necessary, convinced that only through the cooperation of all anti-terrorist forces can this scourge be suppressed.Currently, the attention of international actors is focused on identifying solutions to the armed conflict in Ukraine and preventing other outbreaks of conflict. International terrorism seems to have been relegated to a lower priority, but this does not preclude the need for the prevention of potential terrorist actions. In this context, international cooperation in the field of counterterrorism is indispensable and timely. The article will highlight the particularities of the international cooperation of the Republic of Moldova with international governmental organizations in the field of combating and preventing international terrorism.

Dignity of the Human Person

Author(s): Adrian Loretan-Saladin / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

The Vatican II fundamentally changed the ecclesiastical view towards the human person. Especially in Nostra aetate, Gaudium et spes, and Dignitatis humanae it strengthens the dignity of the human person and personal freedom as base for a world with equal rights for all mankind. Therefore, the council qualified discrimination of all kind as against God’s will. These statements have a huge impact on the necessary further development of theology and canon law.

Protection of Children's Cognitive Integrity - a Legal and Educational Context. TikTok case

Author(s): Dana Volosevici,Dragoş Grigorescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In the paper we propose to analyze both from the point of view of the legal provisions in force, but also from the educational point of view, the cognitive situation of children in the face of exposure to applications such as those with a wide audience dedicated to socialization. Among the social interaction tools widely used by young people and children, we have chosen the TikTok application, as an illustration of the ways of legal and educational regulation with the aim of protecting the cognitive integrity of children. In the absence of effective legal actions and educational interventions by the decision-makers regarding children's development, in our opinion, the cognitive autonomy of children is seriously affected. At the same time, we present sufficient legal and educational ways to preserve the academic well-being of children.

SCRUTINIZING ANTI-CORRUPTION INITIATIVES IN EUROPE: LESSONS TO LEARN FOR INDIA?

Author(s): Siddharth Kanojia,Shashi Bhushan Ojha,Muzaffar Hussain MIR / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Many studies have concluded that corruption hinders economic expansion by threatening the viability of the public budget and reducing the capital available for infrastructure development and social welfare. Thereby cultivating social inequality and eroding trust in the state and institutions. In recent decades, the European Union (EU) and India have experienced multiple corruption cases, including bribery, embezzlement, and abuse of power. Consequently, some EU nations and India have attempted to implement legislations and frameworks to curtail corrupt practices. The impact of adopted approaches can be witnessed in the contrasting scores and ranks of both regions on the Corruption Perception Index. Therefore, considering the distinctiveness in the efficacy of the approaches adopted by both of these regions, this paper intends to explore the efficacy and limitations of anti-corruption initiatives and frameworks implemented in the EU region and, subsequently, recommend the adoption of a similar approach which may prove to be beneficial in addressing the pressing issues of political and bureaucratic corruption in India.

Rajendra K. Jain (editor), Changing Indian Images of the European Union. Perception and Mispercetion, and Rajendra K. Jain (editor), India and the European Union in a Turbulent World

Author(s): Alexandru Balas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Rajendra K. Jain (editor), Changing Indian Images of the European Union. Perception and Mispercetion, Palgrave MacMillan Singapore, 2019 Rajendra K. Jain (editor), India and the European Union in a Turbulent World, Palgrave McMillan Singapore, 2020

Dobrostan zwierząt gospodarskich w PRL

Author(s): Gabriela Jarzębowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

The subject of this analysis is what the life conditions of farm animals in the Polish People’s Republic looked like and how they were reflected in professional discourse. My main aim is to show how good practices in husbandry were understood before the rise of the notion of animal welfare. As I demonstrate, their evolution was strictly linked with rhetorical changes in the discourse. I delineate the main material-discursive historical shifts that shaped further breeding practices.

FROM COLLECTIVE ACTION TO CIVIL DISORDER: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PANDEMIC-RIDDEN CZECHIA AND SLOVAKIA

Author(s): Maciej Skrzypek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This paper aims to present how collective action has transformed into civil disorder against the pandemic policy in Czechia and Slovakia in 2020-2022. The research questions are as follows: 1) What factors decided the transformation of collective action into civil disorder? 2) What were the essential features of civil disorder in each state? The study draws on process tracing, qualitative analysis of sources, and qualitative comparative analysis. The research tool is fs/QCA software. The starting point is March 2020 when a state of emergency was declared in both states. The final point is March 2022 when most of the restrictions were canceled, the unofficial end of the pandemic. Cases selected include public gatherings in protest of the pandemic policy organized at that time in the cities of Prague, Brno, Ostrava (Czech Republic), and Bratislava and Košice (Slovakia). The cities have populations above 200 thousand and all of them are agglomerations that attract major socio-political events. Despite the initial success in dealing with the pandemic, the paper explains why collective actions to protect public health changed over time into civil disorder designed to undermine the pandemic policy. Therefore, the article provides evidence of the role antidemocratic played in inciting civil disorder.

THE ROLE OF THE EU AS A NORMATIVE POWER ON THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN ALBANIA

Author(s): Meljana Bregu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Protection of human rights is a core value for the EU as well as a precondition for candidate countries. The European Commission, through the annual progress reports, monitors the protection of human rights and compliance of domestic legislation with international human rights instruments, particularly the European Convention on Human Rights.EU membership has always been the most cherished objective and has shaped the implementation of structural reforms and the protection of human rights. The European Union has grown as a normative power fostering democracy and promoting human rights through the promise of future accession. After the fall of the communist regime Albania has made significant progress toward respect for civil and political rights but still now due to the last report of the Freedom House is defined as partly free. The respect for civil liberties, especially the freedom of expression is still one of the main problems in Albania. While the Constitution guarantees freedom of expression, the intermingling of powerful business, political, and media interests inhibits the development of independent news outlets.The paper aims to analyze how the EU perspective membership has influenced the protection of human rights, especially civic rights like the freedom of media and expression, but also its limits. Methodologically, will be analyzed and compare progress reports, public speeches and declarations, national integration strategies, and the revised enlargement strategy.

HUMAN RIGHTS AND INSTITUTION BUILDING IN POST-SOCIALIST ALBANIA. THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Juliana GJINKO / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Central and Eastern European nations have undergone significant socioeconomic policy reforms since the collapse of their socialist centralized systems. Since 1992, the Republic of Albania has faced numerous significant obstacles, and at first, eliminating gender inequality was not given much priority. In addition to being a fundamental right and a shared ideal of EU institutions, gender equality is a crucial component that must be included in the legal systems of all candidate nations hoping to join the EU. Social exclusion in developing countries can take two forms: active or passive. Women's needs and interests are typically overlooked because they are shut out of numerous aspects of life, including work, education, access to the legal system, the realization of their property rights, and so on. The Republic of Albania has created several laws, policies, and action plans about gender equality in the wake of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), in addition to policies against human trafficking, domestic abuse, closing the representational gap in politics and the economy, and other issues. In this essay, I examine Albania's approach to assessing European standards and, if applicable, modify them to fit regional political customs and cultural norms. The best way to enforce laws, rather than just creating rules, models, and regulations, is to ensure that the body of law is in harmony with the culture in which it operates. In pursuing full EU integration, this is an overall effort to assess and contrast some of the approaches and measures Albanian representatives and society have taken to address the gender factor in the democratization process and institution-building.

THE INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES IN EU STATES

Author(s): Andreea Dragomir,Ioana Florescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The integration of refugees into EU states is a comprehensive and ongoing process that aims to enable refugees to actively participate in and contribute to their host societies while preserving their cultural identities. EU member states operate under the Common European Asylum System, implementing reception and asylum procedures, providing access to basic rights and services, facilitating language acquisition and education, promoting employment and economic integration, fostering social and cultural cohesion, and offering long-term support for social mobility and civic participation. Although challenges such as limited resources, bureaucratic procedures, and cultural differences exist, successful integration brings opportunities for demographic revitalization, labor market contributions, cultural enrichment, and increased social diversity. It's important to recognize that approaches to integration can vary across EU member states due to national policies and specific local contexts.

Cause and Effect of Military Conflicts in the Context of Sub-Saharan Africa’s Fragile States

Author(s): Ryszard Ficek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article examines the influences of conflicts on state capacity in sub-Saharan Africa, an area that has experienced a top-heavy number of armed military conflicts and has a high presence in the Fragile States Index ranks. Yet, violent clashes and the capacity of the state are important for fragile and developing countries’ political specificity and socio-economic development. The fundamental goal of this article is to analyze the complex network of cause-and-effect factors influencing the condition of sub-Saharan African countries affected by armed conflict. In the context of these analyses, the basic research question concerns how military conflicts jeopardize the capacity of the state and its development opportunities. The above issues are related to the problem of shaping peacebuilding, as well as the socio-political and economic stability of fragile states by supporting development policy, the “rule of law,” and political transformation based on the principles of good-neighborly cooperation and development.

Virtual Professional Identity, Legal and Ethical Aspects. A Conceptual Framework

Author(s): Dragoş Grigorescu,Dana Volosevici / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The text uses two tools to interpret the relationship between employee and employer. The first tool is anthropological, while the second is a legal one. In this way, the complex relationship between an employee and an employer is analyzed in the larger context of doubling the real identity of the two participants with a virtual identity for each of them. Therefore, the relationship will include two levels of reporting from the employee to the employer and vice versa. The employee will be viewed by the employer both as a natural person, therefore real, but also as a virtual person with the virtual identity or profile. In turn, the employee will refer to the employer both as a legal person and as a virtual legal person. In the following lines we propose to establish a possible ethical boundary between the employee and the employer as virtual entities capable of orienting the anthropological and legal analysis.

Transmission of the Right of Option Regarding the Acquisitive Prescription to the Universal Heirs, Respectively to Those with Universal Title

Author(s): Georgeta-Bianca Spîrchez,Ștefania-Mădălina Brebeanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The following study is based on a practical case concerning the situation of a husband and wife who, although they met all the requirements for usucapio, died without exercising this right before the court. Such facts raise the following legal questions: could their right of option to invoke the positive prescription be transferred to their heirs? Or is it necessary for the heirs to start a new possession in their own person, in order to then take advantage of the merger of possessions? The answer to these questions is not easy to deduce, as the research we conducted shows that the issue is a controversial one.

RAZGOVOR S JAKOBOM FINCIJEM “KROZ MEĐUNARODNI FORUM BOSNA SMO UČILI O SEBI, DRUGIMA TE DRUGE O SEBI”

Author(s): Medina Delalić,Jakob Finci / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 100/2022

Interview with Jakob Finci by Medina Delalić.

Production of the Crisis: Discourses on the Polish-Belarusian Border

Author(s): Mateusz Krępa,Natalia Judzińska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

THE EUROPEAN DISCOURSE ON MIGRATION: BETWEEN SECURITIZATION AND DESECURITIZATION (2019-2021)

Author(s): Rareș Alexandru VĂSCAN / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Migration and security are two complex and interconnected concepts, which have become increasingly relevant and discussed in the context of the continuous development of the globalization phenomenon and at the same time, in the current geopolitical context on the international stage, in which the political situation in certain states becomes critical and conflictual. The phenomenon of international migration from the non-EU area has materialized more and more frequently in recent years, in terms of waves of refugees and illegal migrants arriving in the European Union, reaching the highest figures recorded in 2015. In this respect, the issue of migration, refugees and asylum seekers has become in the last decade a topic included on the European security agenda of the European Union and at the same time a main topic of discourses by European leaders and research dealing with the issue of "securitization of migration". Starting from the hypothesis according to which the migration phenomenon known as the "refugee crisis of 2015", by the way it unfolded and by the management proposed by the institutions of the European Union, produced a division at discursive level among European leaders, the purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that migration from the European Union has been catalogued and perceived at a discursive level, in 2019-2021 a threat to European security.

ASPECTS FROM COLONIAL HISTORY. A FORMAL RECONCILIATION REGARDING THE AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PEOPLE

Author(s): Emilia Tomescu,Iuliana Neagoş / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Genocide can take many forms and be justified in many different ways. The cultural genocide that was intended to annihilate the identity of the Aboriginal people in Australia during the 20th century was based on the assumption that these people were visibly “inferior” to those who colonized Australia and thus, had to be “civilized”. It was a process of internal colonialism present in other parts of the world, too, and its intention was to assimilate the ethnic groups of Aboriginal people and integrate them by educating their children by force, in the schools of the white people. To admit the wrongs done, and the injustice of governmental programmes was not an easy task but, in Australia, it happened in 2008 when Prime Minister Kevin Rudd delivered a public speech, which took him a lot of courage, saying officially “sorry” for the “stolen generations; that were affected by the forced removal of children on racial grounds” made fully lawful by the authority. In his speech The Prime minister mentioned they could resolve together all the common problems while preserving the dignity of difference and trying to give Australia a new beginning, a new chapter in looking for a new kind of identity which should include “cultures that provide a unique uninterrupted human thread, linking the Australian Continent the one of the most ancient prehistory of our planet!

Religion and Law in Serbia

Author(s): Milan Veselica / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The monograph Serbia by Marko Nikolić, Vladimir Davidović, Darko Tanasković, and Mileta Radojević is part of the series International Encyclopaedia of Laws: Religion, published by Kluwer Law International in 2022. The international academic public is granted a comprehensive study oft he legal, political, and societal status of religion and religious communities in Serbia. The authors are or were eminent scholarsin the fields ofr eligion, law, and economy. Dr. Marko Nikolić is the Assistant Director of the Administration for Cooperation with Churches and Religious Communities of the Ministry of Justice. The late Dr. Mileta Radojević was the Director of the Office for Cooperation with Churches and Religious Communities of the Government ofthe Republic of Serbia in 2012–2014. Prof. Dr. Darko Tanasković is the most prominent Serbian oriental philologist, a former professor of the Faculty of Philology (University of Belgrade), the former ambassador to Turkey and Azerbaijan, the Holy See, the Knights of Malta, and the former permanent representative of the Republic of Serbia to UNESCO in Paris. The late Dr. Vladimir Davidović was a Serbian jurist and Assistant Minister of Justice in Serbia.

Exploring the Effectiveness of the Human Rights Court in Indonesia: A Call for Humanitarian Action

Author(s): Ria Wierma Putri,Yunita Maya Putri,Eddy Rifai / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Indonesia’s Human Rights Court, established under Law No. 26/2000, has faced criticism due to persistent unresolved cases, highlighting flaws in its legal foundation. The Court’s performance revealed that Indonesia has been ineffective in resolving serious human rights violation cases. This research emphasizes two main points: 1) exploring human rights enforcement in Indonesia based on the effectiveness of the Human Rights Court’s performance, and 2) scrutinizing the context of humanitarian intervention in cases of gross human rights violations in Indonesia. The article utilized a normative juridical research approach, followed by a descriptive analysis through a literature study. The research illustrated that human rights enforcement in Indonesia was inadequate, often stalling at the inquiry stage. Trials for the 1984 Tanjung Priok massacre, East Timor, and Abepura resulted in acquittals, raising doubts about the effectiveness of the Human Rights Court’s Law (No. 26/2000). Furthermore, humanitarian intervention was deemed necessary to address these unresolved violations, viewed not as a violation of sovereignty but as a means to enhance human rights protection. This requires national and international cooperation, focusing on resolving cases rather than debating jurisdiction.