Právní status a postmortální ochrana nascitura v České republice

Author(s): Jakub Valc / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2018

Questions related to the beginning of a human life and its status during prenatal period have been dealt not only by biologists, philosophers, ethicists, but also by legal scientists. In this regard, the discussion is focused primarily on answering the initial question, whether an embryo or a fetus has already a right to life. However, it can not be neglected that every beginning of a human life naturally has its end. For this reason, it is necessary to consider whether an unborn child is enough protected if he dies before the birth. Although practically no attention has been paid to this issue in the past, in the Czech republic the change has taken place in connection with the adoption of the funeral law amendment and related legal regulation, which also had fundamental consequences in the area of legal protection and manipulation with the remains of childs, dying before the birth. The aim of this article is to analyze the above legislation, including its comparison with the legislation that gives an unborn child during prenatal period a different level of legal protection than after the death.

Third-Party Interventions before the European Court of Human Rights

Author(s): Martina Martino Baráková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2018

BÜRLI, Nicole. Third-party interventions before the European Court of Human Rights: Amicus Curiae, member-state and third-party interventions. Portland, Oregon: Intersentia, 2017. ISBN 978-1-78068-461-1.VON DEN EYENDE, L. An Empirical Look at the Amicus Curiae Practice od Human Rights NGOs before the European Court od Human Rights. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights [online]. 2013, roč. 31, č. 3, s. 271–313 [cit. 09. 11. 2018]. Dostupné z: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2350825

Lidskoprávní Moot Court

Author(s): Jana Nováková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

Lidskoprávní Moot Court je soutěž studentů českých právnických fakult v simulovaném soudním sporu na zadaný případ z oblasti lidských práv.

Democracy and Human Rights under Different Conditions of Development

Author(s): Robert Dahl / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 01+02/1996

Hobbes, “fearful discourse”, and the basic right to refuse to bear arms in the military service

Author(s): Aleksandar Molnar / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 01+02/1996

Majority Rule and Individual Rights

Author(s): Jon Elster / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 01+02/1996

Are Human Rights Truly Universal?

Author(s): Antonio Cassese / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 01+02/1996

Selecţia şi evaluarea resurselor umane

Author(s): Marius Nechita / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2012

The Selection represents the choosing process of the most adequate candidates to occupy an available job within an organization, observing some precisely determined rules and criteria. The selection is a process of information accumulation about the candidates for a job that is available, in legal terms, in order to determine that person who can by hired within an organization at short, medium or long notice. The selection implies choosing some candidates whose necessities are adequate to the organization’s necessities.The selection procedures assure and enrich one’s organization essence which consists in human resources.The selection of candidates who are capable of performance work brings substantial improvements to the productivity level and decreases costs. The selection process target is to highlight the most proper junction between the staff, job and organization. If the staff is under-qualified or over-qualified, or, simply, does not fit the organization culture, then it will probably quit the organization.

Consideraţii generale privind noua Lege de organizare şi funcţionare a sistemului de probaţiune.

Author(s): Ioan Ștefan Tohătan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2012

In historical-chronological "probation" is one of the first EU sanctions, "intermediate" regulated as an alternative to imprisonment. His appearance was determined, on the one hand, the need to develop appropriate judicial systems of juvenile delinquency, and on the other, the emergence of new trends in crime control criminology advocating outside the criminal justice system.It reflects the essential changes to the traditional philosophy of punishment and its functions. Adoption of the new Criminal Code and the new Code of Criminal Procedure requires a reconfiguration of the probation system by reorganizing current system, given the changes to the substance of the non- custodial sanctions and measures applicable in criminal proceedings, introduced by the Romanian penal system two criminal codes.

Ochrana soukromí a osobních údajů v Chartě základních práv EU

Author(s): Daniel Novák / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2007

Zatímco Smlouva o Ústavě pro Evropu začlenila Chartu základních práv EU (dále jen "Chartu") slavnostně vyhlášenou na mezivládní konferenci v Nice do svého obsahu (představuje část II). Lisabon­ská smlouva pozměňující Smlouvu o Evropské unii a Smlouvu o založení Evropského společenství (dá­le jen "Lisabonská smlouva") k jejímuž vypracování udělila mandát Evropská rada na zasedání konaném v Bruselu dne 21. a 22.6.2007, schválená v konečném znění dne 19.10.2007 Evropskou radou na zasedání v Lisabonu a zde 13.12.2007 podepsaná se záměrem její ratifikace do poloviny roku 2009, má změnit člá­nek 6 odst. 1 Smlouvy o EU tak, že Unie uznává práva, svobody a zásady obsažené v Chartě, jež má stejnou právní sílu jako smlouvy. S ještě přijatelným zjednodušením lze konstatovat, že co do výsledku půjde o totéž, Charta (opětovně vyhlášená dne 12.12.2007 na zasedání Evropského parlamentu ve Štrasburku) se uvedeným odkazem má stát právně závaznou pro všechny členské státy s výjimkou Velké Británie a Polska.

Mučení ve vyšším zájmu. Konflikt lidských práv?

Author(s): Ladislav Vyhnánek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2006

Každý z nás ví, že mučení je činnost obzvláště za­vrženíhodná. Pro normálního člověka je již sama myš­lenka na něco podobného otřesná. Nejspíš se nikdo ne­vyhne letmé vzpomínce na pasáže o španělské inkvizici ve středoškolských učebnicích. Ale není nutné chodit tak daleko do historie. I v osvíceném 20. století by­lo mučení častým jevem. Může si snad slušný člověk myslet, že by podobné jednání bylo ospravedlnitelné? A může si to myslet zákonodárce? Společnost přece prodělala od dob inkvizitorů obrovské změny. To, co bylo dříve normou, je dnes nemyslitelné a naopak.

Bibliografie lidských práv za rok 2001

Author(s): Monika Bayerová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2002

Proceedings, monographs and articles

Bibliografie lidských práv za rok 2000

Author(s): Monika Bayerová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2001

Human rights bibliography 2000

Načo sa trápiť s otázkou existencie ľudských práv?

Author(s): Marek Káčer / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2020

In this text, I propose that the ontological question of whether human rights exist should be replaced by the pragmatic question of whether the language of human rights is apt to achieve and express our values and goals. I will start from Carnap’s distinction between internal and external questions, which I will employ to classify different types of human rights discourses. Then, I will demonstrate that, from a pragmatic point of view, the language of human rights conflicts neither with relativism, nor utilitarianism, nor communitarianism. As a part of the discussion, I will show how Hans Kelsen’s pragmatic attitude fits perfectly into the scheme of Robert Alexy’s argument in favour of the objective existence of human rights.

COVID-19 VACCINATION POLICY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A BEHAVIORAL APPROACH

Author(s): Aleksandar Mojašević,Dejan Vučetić,Stefan Stefanović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In this paper, the authors explore the implications of different models of vaccination policy (mandatory or voluntary) on human rights from the perspective of behavioral science. For this purpose, the authors first seek to determine the optimal framework for vaccination policy, starting from different forms of paternalistic interventions: 1) anti-paternalistic policies, 2) nudge policies, 3) coercive paternalism, and 4) behavioral regulation of externalities. Giving prevalence to the policy of libertarian paternalism (the nudge policy), the authors underpin their hypothesis with numerous studies on the importance of behavioral insights in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination policy. Then, the implications of mandatory vaccination on human rights are explored and the conditions required for implementing the compulsory vaccination policy are determined. In conclusion, the authors correlate the established optimal behavioral framework with the requirements for mandatory vaccination, and present arguments in favor of provisional mandatory vaccination which does not violate the freedom of individuals but contains an element of obligation.

SAME SEX UNIONS BETWEEN INVISIBILITY AND LEGALLITY

Author(s): Zorica Mršević / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The subject matter of this paper is the analysis of the social and legal status of same-sex unions in the Republic of Serbia. In practice, they function although there is still no legislation on this matter. The right to legal regulation of same-sex unions as an alterity to marital and extramarital unions is presented in light of the importance of the legitimate right to diversity and the right to guaranteed civil rights which are recognized to those who are a minority in number and/or social influence. The main idea is the need to respect the union which is different from the majority heteronormative one. The paper aims to develop the social capacity for perception and to facilitate a dialogue and establishing relationships with this family alterity. The need to develop understanding that the legal recognition of same-sex unions is much more than the legal regulation of their property relations and civil status. It is a sign of democratization of society, its openness and tolerance. The paper is organized in several thematic parts presenting the scientific and current social context in Serbia, affirmative views of the Protector of Citizens as an independent institution, and the European context, with special reference to recent documents of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and relevant judgments of European human rights courts. The author notes that the position of the LGBTI+ people in Serbia is slowly changing for the better and advocates for legal regulation of this matter.

THE THIRD OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD ON A COMMUNICATIONS PROCEDURE: A NEW METHOD OF LEGAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS

Author(s): Ljubica Mihajlović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

One of the most important developments in the children's rights protection system established under the auspices of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989) was the adoption of the Third Optional Protocol to the Convention on a Communications Procedure (2011), which completed the system of monitoring and protection of children's rights by the Committee on the Rights of the Child. The competences of the Committee on the Rights of the Child have been expanded, and children have been given the opportunity to address the Committee either directly or through adult representatives, alleging violations of the rights guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the First Optional Protocol and the Second Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The Divide between Idealism and Practicality in Animals’ Fundamental Rights Recognition

Author(s): Mari-Ann Susi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Contemporary theoretical discourse views animals as a vulnerable group, and also recognizes their capability of mental suffering. The question why this recognition has not been translated into a global and universally accepted accordance of fundamental rights to certain groups of animals is relevant for animal rights protection, while at the same time it illustrates the divide between the idealistic and normative dimensions of law. It appears that humans have known for thousands of years that at least some animals are capable of mental suffering and constitute a vulnerable group. Changes in animal rights protection have led to some changes in legislation, but these are not fundamental and do not concern the strive toward universal recognition that animals have fundamental rights. This means that there must be some other, decisive factors that are needed to move forward from the stage of vulnerability recognition to the normative development stage.

AVOIDING MANDATORY COVID-19 VACCINATION: ARROGANCE TOWARD SCIENCE AND LACK OF RESPECT FOR COMMON SENSE

Author(s): Marija Draškić / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

This paper is a continuation of the research that the author started several years ago and which was published in the article Compulsory Vaccination of Children: Rights of Patients or Interests of Public Health? The emphasis will be on professional and scientific discussions on whether it is permissible to prescribe mandatory vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether this is in line with the Constitution and legally allowed for all or only for certain population categories in Serbia. Earlier decisions of the constitutional courts of Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia, as well as the recent judgment of the ECtHR in the Vavřička case will be reconsidered. All these decisions by the highest national courts, as well as the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights, have unequivocally confirmed that mandatory vaccination is not contrary to some basic human rights regularly invoked by opponents of vaccination.

Drepturile omului, un răspuns la criza ecologică?

Author(s): Flaminia Stârc-Meclejan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Although the European Court of Human Rights has delivered hundreds of decisions clarifying how state obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights relate to environmental issues, in particular by requiring states to exercise due diligence to prevent or protect against serious and/or immediate risks of damage, it has not (yet) addressed the implications of climate change for the exercise of the rights enshrined in the Convention. Scholars agree, however, that the Strasbourg court will „enter” the debate, given the climate cases that have been brought before it. Carême case, that constitutes the reason for these reflections, puts on the table new questions related to the climate issues brought to the Court to which the judges in Strasbourg will have to answer, because the issue that arises (as in all climate cases) is that of the compatibility of the states' actions or omissions with our living environment. Under these conditions, regardless of the recognition or not of an independent right to a healthy environment, the Court will have at least to be open to a more ecological interpretation of the Convention.