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CULTURE ET CULTURES JURIDIQUES A L’INTERIEUR DES SOCIETES COMMERCIALES DE L’UNION EUROPEENNE. UNE ETUDE COMPARATIVE

CULTURE ET CULTURES JURIDIQUES A L’INTERIEUR DES SOCIETES COMMERCIALES DE L’UNION EUROPEENNE. UNE ETUDE COMPARATIVE

Author(s): Dana Volosevici / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2014

L’apparition des droits subjectifs représente, selon Max Weber, le résultat d’une mutation fondamentale dans la compréhension du « droit légitime » (Berechtigung), qui s’est déplacé du droit traditionnel, qui fixe des devoirs à l’individu, et qui conçoit les droits « sous forme d’un reflet »2 de ces devoirs, vers les droits subjectifs, vus comme une capacité, une « source de pouvoir ». Le droit n’est plus la réflexion d’un devoir prévu par la loi, mais il confère à l’individu un pouvoir sur les actes des autres. A l’intérieur de la société, l’équilibre entre societas et labor se réalise principalement par l’intermède de la loi. Mais la construction européenne multiplie le cadre normatif en ajoutant à la culture juridique nationale une culture supra-étatique qui régit des rapports propres aux relations intra-societales.

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ACCES DES SALARIES AUX INFORMATIONS CONCERNANT LA SOCIÉTÉ - EMPLOYEUR – FORME DE LA CITOYENNETE DE L’ENTREPRISE.  ETUDE COMPARATIVE, DROIT FRANÇAIS – DROIT ROUMAIN

ACCES DES SALARIES AUX INFORMATIONS CONCERNANT LA SOCIÉTÉ - EMPLOYEUR – FORME DE LA CITOYENNETE DE L’ENTREPRISE. ETUDE COMPARATIVE, DROIT FRANÇAIS – DROIT ROUMAIN

Author(s): Volosevici Dana / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

La participation des salariés à la vie de la société- employeur, au-delà de la simple prestationdes tâches spécifiques à leur fonction, devrait assurer une diminution de la distance entre les intérêts desdeux éléments – les salaries (labor) et investisseurs (societas), en vue d’atteindre un certain degré demoral(ité) dans le capitalisme. L’article fait une analyse technique les dispositions par lesquelles lessalaries acquièrent le droit d’être informés et consultés relativement à l’organisation et le fonctionnementde la société.

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INSTITUTIONAL “HEALING” OF ROMANIA AFTER DECEMBER 1989

INSTITUTIONAL “HEALING” OF ROMANIA AFTER DECEMBER 1989

Author(s): Cătălina Szekely / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This paper presents a series of concepts considered vital for understanding the way the currentsystem of public institutions functions in Romania, as well as the flaws of these state structures. We do notclaim to set verdicts, but to briefly analyze the evolution of the Romanian institutional system since WorldWar II to present times and its efforts to assist the fragile democracy that was established after the eventsof December ‘89. The present status of Romania as a member of the European Union implies itsinstitutional system to be still monitored in some respects

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Търговските книги и тяхното доказателствено значение

Търговските книги и тяхното доказателствено значение

Author(s): Krasimira Mircheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article addresses the trading book following the relevant provisions under the national legislation in force. The author sets out her view about the concept that maintaining the obligation to keep records of trading books serves various interests – such of a publiclaw nature (particularly the case for taxation) as well as those of a private-law character (by presenting a report of enterprise assets to the owners and third parties). Special emphasis is placed on the legal rules dedicated to keeping data records in the business books in case of litigation, as well as their significance for ensuring evidence, including their challenging. The article refers to the relevant case-law of various courts. It also summarises the possibility given by the current legislation for settling any trade dispute merely based on a documentary proof submitted to the court, which streamlines as well as accelerates the judicial process.

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Специфики на трудовата дейност на чужденците в сферата на туризма в България

Специфики на трудовата дейност на чужденците в сферата на туризма в България

Author(s): Andriyana Andreeva,Galina Yolova,Darina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The article examines the specificities of the labour activity of foreigners in the sphere of tourism in Bulgaria, based on the internal legislation and primary the Labour Migration and Labour Mobility Act. The complex analysis regards Labour law and Social Security principles and main aspects of the status of employed foreign individuals, as well as the activities of public authorities competent for abidance to legislation in the area of labour activity of foreigners in the tourism. Based on the analysis the authors make conclusions, mark tendencies, make recommendations with practical direction.

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Новият иск по параграф 6 от преходните и заключителните разпоредби на Закона за изменение и допълнение на Закона за банковата несъстоятелност

Новият иск по параграф 6 от преходните и заключителните разпоредби на Закона за изменение и допълнение на Закона за банковата несъстоятелност

Author(s): Matey Matev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The article „The new claim under paragraph 6 of the Transitional and Terminal Provisions of the Law on Amendment and Supplement of the Bank Insolvency Act“ clarifies its theoretical aspects. They address the relative nullity of series of share-transfers made by debtors of Corporate Commercial Bank (CCB), AD (in insolvency), after the date of its placement under special supervision by the Bulgarian National bank. The claim by its general characteristics is an action for revocation, requiring a special legitimacy of the insolvency administrator, the temporary insolvency administrator or the Deposit Insurance Fund. All of them should defend the interests of the creditors of the insolvency mass. The study of the claim observes the time limit, the special jurisdiction, the effect of the court decision and its proximity with the claim under Article 135 of the Obligations and Contracts Act, as well. The conclusions made consider the lawsuits for the bad faith transactions with the shares of CCB debtors and outline the factual composition of the claim and its frame of proof.

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Задължението на работодателя за предаване на трудовата книжка и отговорността за неизпълнението му

Задължението на работодателя за предаване на трудовата книжка и отговорността за неизпълнението му

Author(s): Hristo Banov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The article provides a solution to some legal issues, related to the employer's obligation to hand over immediately the duly filled out labour book to the employee upon termination of the employment relationship, respectively to the consequences of the non-fulfilment of this obligation, namely the incurring of the employer's financial liability. On the above-mentioned issues, contradictory practice of the Supreme Court of Cassation was noted, because of which the Interpretative Case No. 1/2019 of the General Assembly of the Civil College was started. The many specific issues raised by the contradictory case-law are limited to the question whether the employer's obligation under Art. 350, para. 1 of the Labour Code in all cases arises and becomes exigible at the time of the termination of the employment relationship, or several hypotheses should be distinguished, in at least one of which the emergence of the discussed obligation is not by virtue of the law, but for this purpose the execution of certain actions by the employee is required. The solution to these legal issues leads to the answers to the second group of questions, related to the occurrence of the employer's obligation to pay compensation to the employee due to the illegal retention of his labour book.

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CHILD PROTECTION UNDER GDPR

CHILD PROTECTION UNDER GDPR

Author(s): Dana Volosevici / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The “datafication” of society requires clear, harmonized and strict measures in order to ensure the effective protection of the children, direct consumers of an important number of information society services. The paper aims to present on overview of the applicable provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation in the field of child protection in case of data processing.

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BRIEF CONSIDERATIONS ON PROCESSING A CHILD'S PERSONAL DATA

BRIEF CONSIDERATIONS ON PROCESSING A CHILD'S PERSONAL DATA

Author(s): Şchiopu Silviu-Dorin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Since children require a specific protection with regard to their personal data, they receive special attention from the European legislator in the framework of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 as they may be less aware of the risks, consequences and safeguards concerned and their rights in relation to the processing of personal data. That is why this paper aims to analyze the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation referring expressis verbis to the processing of a child's personal data, without overlooking some aspects regarding the processing of personal data revealing the religious beliefs of a child as well as the processing carried out within the future online school catalog. We will consider not only the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and the national legal framework, but also the guidelines issued by the former Article 29 Data Protection Working Party and subsequently endorsed by the European Data Protection Board. However, it remains difficult to assess to what extent the children of today who will become the adults of tomorrow will be satisfied with the way their personal data have been used prior to the time when they can express their consent to the processing operations.

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THE HIGHEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD.  NON DISCRIMINATION

THE HIGHEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD. NON DISCRIMINATION

Author(s): Dragos Lucian Radulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

In the legislator's acceptance, the relationships between parents do not influence their obligations towards their children, whether they come from or outside the marriage. In the case of the existence of the marriage and its dissolution by divorce, with regard to the non-matrimonial effects, the question of taking protective measures towards the minor children, regarding the parental authority, housing or maintenance obligation is raised. Similar issues can be found in cases in which parents were not married but from their relationship resulted children, regardless of their nationality.The article discusses elements of judicial practice, theoretical notions related to the best interests of minors, but also elements aimed at discrimination on the basis of nationality.

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SOCIAL MEDIA SCREENING: IMPACT OF GDPR AND MACEDONIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK

SOCIAL MEDIA SCREENING: IMPACT OF GDPR AND MACEDONIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Author(s): Saso Josimovski,Martin Kiselicki,Lidija Pulevska Ivanovska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

E-recruitment has been the focus both of research and commercial use in the past decade, with the addition of social media recruitment in the recent years. Public profiles and information on potential candidate have exploded with the emergence of profiles on social network web-sites, which is highly utilized by companies and recruiters in the employment process. Despite different ethical and practical issues, there are also legal ramifications for using personal data of candidates in the recruitment process. The paper focuses on the legal aspects of screening candidates, as part of the recruitment process, more specifically on the screening via social media. Our research examines the introduction of the new GDPR Law which is in effect in EU countries since May 2018, and comparisons are made with the existing laws for data protection of candidates in the Republic of Macedonia, as a candidate member state for the EU. The research shows that screening through social media for reasons other than job performance is considered as a breach in principles through GDPR, as well as considered as discriminatory and illegal in the Macedonian Labor Law. The comparison between GDPR and Macedonian Labor Law shows strong points such as clear lines for direct and indirect discrimination, as well as weak points such as not enough guidelines for transparency, protection and control over candidate data in the Macedonian law.

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Transitions Online-Around the Block-21April
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Transitions Online-Around the Block-21April

Author(s): Ioana Caloianu / Language(s): English Issue: 04/27/2020

Today’s regional news: Slovak government pledges; North Ossetians and Bosnians protest lockdowns; a hot spot flares in Estonia; and world press freedom rankings.

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Transitions Online-Society-At the Mercy of the Epidemic
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Transitions Online-Society-At the Mercy of the Epidemic

Author(s): Tomas Forro / Language(s): English Issue: 04/27/2020

The official version is that Ukraine is managing the virus, thanks to its health workers. Many of those health workers, however, tell a different story.

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Transitions Online_Fourth Estate-In Time of Pandemic, Truth Is the First Casualty
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Transitions Online_Fourth Estate-In Time of Pandemic, Truth Is the First Casualty

Author(s): Peter Gross / Language(s): English Issue: 05/04/2020

The wave of virus disinformation underlines and magnifies the continued crisis among earnest tellers of “truth” to power.

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OSJEČKO GRAĐANSTVO U UPISNIKU GRAĐANA OD STJECANJA SLOBODNOG I KRALJEVSKOG STATUSA DO PRVOG POPISA NEPLEMENITOG STANOVNIŠTVA (1809.-1814.)

OSJEČKO GRAĐANSTVO U UPISNIKU GRAĐANA OD STJECANJA SLOBODNOG I KRALJEVSKOG STATUSA DO PRVOG POPISA NEPLEMENITOG STANOVNIŠTVA (1809.-1814.)

Author(s): Eldina Lovaš / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 19/2019

This paper analyses the Osijek citizenry between 1809 and 1814 on the basis of data recorded in the Osijek Registry of Citizens. It provides a short description of sources that facilitate research into the citizens of Osijek; it adduces the civil rights granted by the Charter of the Free Royal City of Osijek from 1809 and the requirements for obtaining citizenship. The data analysis is based on the Registry because this source provides the highest number of individual data on each citizen. By applying statistical, comparative and descriptive methods, an endeavour is made to present the number, the religious and the “national” structure, the marital status and the scope of activities of Osijek citizens. The paper comprises the period from 1809, when Osijek acquired the free royal status, until 1814 when the Osijek non-noble population was recorded for the first time. Hence, this is the first census of commoners after Osijek was proclaimed a free royal city. The proclamation of Osijek as a free royal city created the preconditions for the Osijek population to acquire civic status which resulted in a series of privileges for individuals, including personal freedom, inalienability of properties and non-payment of certain levies. The obtained data on the Osijek citizenry in this paper are the result of the analysis of the Registry of Citizens; the following conclusions can be drawn: in the period between 1809 and 1814, 569 persons complying with the requirements necessary for taking a civic oath were registered.

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THE REGULATION AND PROTECTION OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN KOSOVO FROM A LEGAL ASPECT

THE REGULATION AND PROTECTION OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN KOSOVO FROM A LEGAL ASPECT

Author(s): Bedri Bahtiri,Islam Qerimi / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2019

Children is the most delicate and important category of a family and its future and as well as for the society in general. Therefore, the state with its mechanisms are obliged to take care in creating conditions for their upbringing and welfare by looking after the best interest of the child. In Kosovo, children and young people account for 60 per cent of the population. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to invest in the protection and promotion of their rights, regardless of whether they are in conflict or only in contact with the law. Thus, the legislation needs to be reformed and harmonized with best international standards and practices, which is also currently happening in Kosovo.

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Leon Powolny. Bohater walki o polskość Śląska Opolskiego czy defraudant?

Leon Powolny. Bohater walki o polskość Śląska Opolskiego czy defraudant?

Author(s): Andrzej Szymański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2019

In the paper „Leon Powolny. Hero of fight for Polishness of Opole Silesia or defrauder?” one of fewer known episodes was presented from the honoured fighter for the Polishness of Opole Silesia. Leon Powolny – as the source materials indicate – was also a thief, defrauder who robbed the bank in which he worked. By the German jurisdiction he was sentenced to imprisonment and he most likely served that sentence. Afterwards he functioned in the minority movement at exposed posts, he was a commander of the conspiracy structures during the Second World War and he died a martyr’s death in the German prison in Brandenburg where his head was cut off by means of an axe. On the question how to bring together those two attitudes, the author with humility answers: I do not know! Perhaps wider developed archive research will allow replying such a question asked.

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Homo homini covidus sau despre virus, restricții și alți demoni

Homo homini covidus sau despre virus, restricții și alți demoni

Author(s): Ionela Cuciureanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2020

There is a pandemic with catastrophic effects worldwide, a population more or less and / or correctly informed, traffic restrictions are lifted due to the lifting of the state of emergency and an alert state is established, which in turn involves a number of restrictions. This whole framework, which can be explained by the nature of the events, seems to have a less explicable side, namely the inflammation produced in the public space by the adoption of these restrictions through Law no. 55/2020 on some measures to prevent and combat the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the normative acts issued in its application. Ah, and somewhere in the background, the Constitution is running, like a TV left open and to whom no one is paying attention any longer.

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LABOR COMPLIANCE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF LABOR RELATIONS CONTROL

LABOR COMPLIANCE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF LABOR RELATIONS CONTROL

Author(s): Elena Kiselyova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The article deals with the peculiarities of introduction of a labor compliance system as a system of measures for ensuring employer’s and other subjects’ of labor law compliance with current labor legislation and other labor regulations. Labor compliance serves as a menas of preventing labor rights violations. The labor compliance system, researched in this article, includes mechanisms of internal labor control (compulsory and voluntary). The article indicates the necessity of adopting a Law of Ukraine on labor compliance, which would provide the definition of labor compliance, state the purpose of introducing compliance control in a business organization, main tasks and the principles of functioning, the structure and composition of a compliance service at an external and internal level, the rights and obligations of comliance professionals, guarantees of their activities and the responsibility attached to their position. Expediency of introducing a compliance control department in organizations, enterprises and institutions is emphasized, with such department controling the subject at all levels, and also creating a position of a compliance specialist as a person acting in accordance with an established Compliance Program. Such measure will not only simplify the existence of organizations and enterprises, but will also significantly improve the quality of labor law. Therefore, it is believed that the theme of introducing labor compliance at enterprises and institutions is very relevant.

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PROPERTY RIGHTS AS THE SOURCE AND LIMITATION OF THE RIGHTS OF AN INDIVIDUAL, AND THE FOUNDATION OF A SOCIETY ACCORDING TO MURRAY NEWTON ROTHBARD

PROPERTY RIGHTS AS THE SOURCE AND LIMITATION OF THE RIGHTS OF AN INDIVIDUAL, AND THE FOUNDATION OF A SOCIETY ACCORDING TO MURRAY NEWTON ROTHBARD

Author(s): Stanisław Puchniewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2019

The subject of the article is the concept of political system created by Murray Rothbard. His thought is part of the philosophy called libertarianism, whose representatives recognize the right of private property as the basic and only right for the human person. From this perspective, all problems regarding the limits of individual rights and freedoms are resolved. Based on natural law, Rothbard creates a vision of stateless order in which the individual is completely free from any coercion, as long as it does not violate the freedom of other individuals. Rothbard calls his system of government anarchocapitalism or market anarchism.

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