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Судово-фармацевтичне вивчення фактів отруєння внаслідок незаконного обігу на етапі вживання фальсифікованих алкогольних напоїв

Author(s): Valeriy V. Shapovalov,Victoria Shapovalova,Valentin V. Shapovalov,S. Zbrozhek,A. Osyntseva / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 10/2016

Problem setting. Health institutions record facts that people come for treatment with health problems as a result of poisoning by counterfeit alcoholic beverages (CAB), which come to the trading network under the well-known brands that prevents consumers during visual inspection to distinguish them from quality products.Recent research and publications analysis. When conducting forensic and pharmaceutical researches found the presence of causality between abuse by the CAB and deaths due to poisoning with CAB. According to the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine, in some regions there is a constant threat of mass poisoning by the CAB because of their low quality and high availability to the public.Paper objective. The aim of the work is to examine the facts of poisoning due to illegal circulation during the use of the CAB from the position of forensic pharmacy for development of the improvement of legal, social and economic methods of proliferation to the CAB.Paper main body. Forensic and pharmaceutical examples of organized criminality members associated with illegal circulation of the CAB indicate that it is through professional actions of the police, investigators, prosecutors and lawyers who stopped criminal activities of members of an organized criminal group in Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava, Kharkiv and Lviv regions. Today in Ukraine due to free circulation of the CAB and low control on the part of prosecutors and relevant services of the national police for the circulation of alcohol products through a commercial network there are not only numerous violations of social and economic rights of citizens to have access to quality and safety alcoholic beverages and to the lack of effective protection mechanism and restoration of their rights through reimbursement for treatment. Therefore, the authors suggested proposals to strengthen criminal responsibility for illegal circulation (at the stages of production, storage, sale, transportation, etc.) with the purpose of sale or sale of the CAB by editing articles 199 and 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.Conclusions of the research. As a result of the forensic and pharmaceutical examination of the facts of poisoning as a result of illegal circulation (use) of the CAB found: ► distribution and circulation of the CAB are detected by the law enforcement agencies throughout Ukraine; ► production scale of the CAB reach tens of tons, which adversely affects the health of the population of the regions where CAB found; ► proposed legislative initiatives regarding changes and amendments in articles 199 and 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine concerning the strengthen of the criminal liability for illegal production and sales of the CAB; ► defined the future direction of research on healthcare insurance affected by the CAB and improving of the relationships in the chain "investigator – prosecutor – criminal – judge – doctor – patient (victim) – pharmacist – lawyer."

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Судово-фармацевтичне та криміналістичне вивчення фактів убивств, скоєних жінками у стані алкогольного сп’яніння

Author(s): Valeriy V. Shapovalov,Valeriy V. Shapovalov,Victoria Shapovalova,V. Radionova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 07/2015

In Ukraine from the very beginning people thought, that thewoman is the homemaker, wealth, inheritance, child health and gene pool of thenation, which is the foundation of a healthy family and society. Therefore, from awoman, of her health, the opportunity to realize their aspirations in the implementationof labor and social activities depends on the health of each individual family andsociety as a whole. In recent decades, the role of women has changed: a mother andhomemaker, she has become an active public figure that feels high physical andpsychological pressure.Recent research and publication analysis. According to researches of theSosin I.K., Linsky I.V., Minko A.I., Voloshin P.V., Maruta N.O., Chuev Y.F., MelnikA.V. on the examples of clinical practice proved that the female body is weaker thanmen’s and, unlike the latter, not accustomed to long and excessive abuse of alcohol.That is why addiction to substances among women faster than men's behavior whileintoxicated – aggressive and treatment of female alcoholism and drug addiction arelonger and harder.Paper objective. The aim of the paper was to study the statistical data from theWHO and the Department of Healthcare of Kharkiv Regional State Administrationregarding the incidence of alcoholism among young people in the European Union andthe level of alcohol consumption among women in Ukraine, the study of forensic andpharmaceutical facts concerning the murders committed by women in intoxicated stateand on the examples to show the damage that causes irregular drink of alcohol to thehuman and its associates, generalization of legal acts and proposals to reduce alcoholcirculation and increase the women's access to certain types of drugs.Paper main body. Based on examples from forensic and pharmaceuticalpractice found that women in drunk state commit illegal acts that are criminal offensesresulting in suffering her family and children, and the state holds the social andfinancial burden and severe financial losses aimed at its treatment and medical supplyall legal classification groups. According to the results of forensic and psychiatricresearch by the Linsky I.V., Minko A.I. and Shapovalov Val.V. established causalrelationships and positive relationship between the number of alcoholic psychoses,drug-addicts and the number of crimes committed on the territory of Ukraine ingeneral and in the Kharkiv region in particular. That is, women with signs of alcoholdependence, and continued abusing of the psychoactive substance alcohol are often thevictims or perpetrators of various offenses committed by intoxicated.Conclusions of the research. Forensic and pharmaceutical examination of thefacts of murders committed by women in drunk state based on criminalistics principlesshows that in Ukraine acute problem of female alcoholism. In addition, the problem isacute in the EU and the Middle East, both for men and women. Therefore, its solutionis in the plane of the improvement of legislation to limit access to alcohol for thepopulation of Ukraine as an example of Muslim countries. Experience in othercountries shows the need for amendments to certain laws of Ukraine, which wouldimpose a limitation commercial promotion of alcoholic beverages during the day,namely a ban on the sale from 9.00 pm to 9.00 am; prohibition of placing windows,shelves with alcohol on a trading floors, along with other products, they should beplaced in a secluded room, access to which is restricted to certain categories of people.Also needed the further development of interdisciplinary connections between criminallaw, criminology, medical and pharmaceutical law.

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СУДСКЕ ОДЛУКЕ

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2003

Court verdicts from various fields of law.

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Судски процес против двојице Mартолоса 1477. Године

Author(s): Đuro Tošić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 54/2007

Radivoj Raduković, from Cernica (near Gacko), and his servant, Obrad Dobranović, from Rudine, were arrested and brought before the Kotor court. They were accused of trying to take to Cernica one of the daughters of Radič Mladenović from the village of Strp, and hand her over to a sub-pasha Skender. On the other hand, a Jurašin Mladenović from Perast also complained about Radivoj, stating that he took part in his arrest and handing over to the aforementioned Skender. However, the investigation established, through the statements of witnesses and the accused, that Radič's daughter willingly accepted to go to the Cernica sub-pasha, so that he free her father from captivity, while Jurašin admitted that Radivoj did not take part in his arrest and handing over. Therefore, the court decided that the arrested Radivoj and Obrad be freed, after 44 days spent in the solitary confinement (between 10 July and 23 August 1477).

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СУДСКО-ПСИХИЈАТРИЈСКИ АСПЕКТ МЕНТАЛНИХ ПОРЕМЕЋАЈА НАСТАЛИХ ЗЛОУПОТРЕБОМ ДРОГА

Author(s): Zoran Ćirić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 68/2014

In the last few decades, mental disorders resulting from substance abuse have become a frequent phenomenon, which features diverse forms and degrees of severity. In addition to being a medical and extremely harmful social phenomenon, substance abuse (commonly known as drug or narcotics abuse) is frequently a subject matter of research in many sciences or scientific disciplines, such as medicine, psychology, sociology, legal science, etc. Drug abusers may develop diverse mental disorders, which largely depends on the type of psychoactive substance which is being abused and the method of taking narcotics (including frequency, daily dose, mode of administra-tion, etc.). In this paper, the author provides an overview of different types of mental disorders according to the applicable International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders. The disturbance of mental functions due to drug abuse (which may or may not result in the development of a mental disorder) changes the perception and behaviour of drug users. The disturbance of mental functions becomes particularly prominent in the circumstances where substance abuse has turned into a drug addiction; the basic characteristic of the dependence syndrome is an irresistible urge (craving or even compulsion) to take the substance in order to enjoy its effects again or to avoid/relieve the drug addiction crisis or the abstinence syndrome, which may be extremely painful and agonizing. As a consequence of these mental disturbances and other disorders arising from drug addiction, human behaviour may be disrupted to such an extent that a person may demonstrate some criminal conduct, which ultimately makes these mental disorders highly relevant in the field of criminal law. Given the fact that the criminal offender is a drug abuser who may have different forms of mental disorders, there is a need to consider the offender’s mental capacity (sanity), which ultimately makes these mental disorders highly relevant from the point of view of forensic psychiatry. The author’s primary goal in this paper is to present the basic postulates underlying the perception of drug abuse and drug addiction in forensic psychiatry, both from the theoretical and practical point of view. In exploring the practical aspect of this issue, the author focuses on presenting the basic principles of forensic-psychiatric expertise of criminal offenders who have been diagnosed as having mental disorders caused by drug abuse. The expertise includes different aspects of assessing mental disorders: giving professional opinions on the offender’s mental capacity (sanity), assessing the potential danger of recidivism or commission of a more serious criminal act, and giving proposals for relevant of security measures concerning the mandatory treatment of drug addicts both in outpatient clinics and in other relevant in-patient medical institutions. Given the fact that mental disorders stemming from drug abuse frequently have numerous financial, family and professional implications, the author presents some forensic psychiatric attitudes pertaining to the assessment of contractual capacity of these persons, the assessment of their working capacity (including the remaining working ability or temporary inability to work), the assessment of mental capacity for exercising the parental right or custodianship rights. In that context, the author provides the forensic psychiatric aspects of these mental disorders from the aspect of civil law. Drug abuse and drug addiction involve serious and complex socio-pathological problems which are difficult to treat/cure. This paper is the author’s contribution to casting light on these issues, primarily from the aspect of forensic psychiatry.

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СУДСКО-ПСИХИЈАТРИЈСКИ АСПЕКТ НАРКОМАНИЈА

Author(s): Božidar Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 17/1977

La narcomanie est un phénomène socio-pathologique qui se manifeste et existe à travers toute l'histoire humaine en portant les caractères des différentes civilisations, structures sociales et cultures.Le fait que le nombre des nacromans augmente de plus en plus dans le comportement criminel, ainsi que dans les rapports de droit civil conditionne la nécessité des organes de la justice d'observer la personnalité du narcoman, en tant qu'auteur des délits criminels ou des personnes dans les rapports de droit civil.Eu égard à l'existence des différences dans les approches de l'observation du narcoman sous l'aspect médico-légal s'ensuit aussi le but du travail, et dans le sens de la définition de la capacité du narcoman de comprendre l'importance de son acte, ainsi que de diriger ses actions, c'est-à-dire de s'occuper de soi-même, de ses droits et intérêts dans les diverses whases de l'état drogué et de l'absti¬nence.Le narcoman en tant qu'auteur du délit criminel peut se trouver au mo¬ment de l'exécution du délit dans l'une des phases suivantes:a) dans la phase de l'état drogué,b) dans la phase de la condition psychique du sundrome d'abstinence initial,c) dans la phase de la condition physique du syndrome d'abstinence ini¬tial,d) dans la phase prolongée du syndrome d'abstinence initial.L'estimation de la capacité de l'exercice des droits peut être, de même,dans l'une des phases suivantes:a) dans la phase de l'état drogué,b) dans la phase du syndrome d'abstinence initial,c) dans la phase du syndrome d'abstinence prolongé, d) dans la période de temps après un an d'abstinence.

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СУЂЕЊЕ У ОДСУСТВУ ОКРИВЉЕНОГ

Author(s): Saša Knežević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 66/2014

Формирање уверења cyдa о одлучним чињеницама готово је незамисливо без активне партиципације странака у доказном поступку на главном претресу. Присуством странака и осталих процесних субјеката на главном претресу омогућава се непосредно сазнавање одлучних чињеница кроз исказе тиx лица, али и кроз непосредан увид суда у материјалне изворе доказа. Утврђивање чињеничне основице судске одлуке биће отежано, ако кривичнопроцесне странке не присуствују главном претресу. Закоником о кривичном поступку Србије, предвиђени су инструменти за обезбеђивање присуства странака у кривичном поступку. Нарочито је важно омогућити присуство окривљеног у централној фази кривичног поступка. Међутим, понекад постоје важни криминално-политички разлози да се окривљеном суди и у одсуству иако се тиме одступа од појединих важних процесних начела.

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СУЗБИЈАЊЕ И СПРЕЧАВАЊЕ САОБРАЋАЈНИХ НЕЗГОДА НА ТЕРИТОРИЈИ СРЕЗА НИШ

Author(s): Radosav Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/1965

Le nombre des accidents de la circulation dans l'arrondissement de Nis est en une augmentation constante. Tandis qu'en i960 on avait enregistré 255 accidents, en 1964 leur nombre -était passé à 325. D'autre part, en i960, on avait déploré 237 victimes alors qu'en 1964 leur nombre s'élevait à 278. Enfin, le nombre des morts est passé de 15 en i960 à 32 en 1964, et celui des blessés graves de 56 en i960 à 114 en 1964. Lorsqu'on compare le nombre des véhicules avec celui des accidents, on constate qu'en i960 il y a eu 72 accidentes pour 1.000 véhicules, contre 55 en 1964, soit une diminution assez sensible. En revanche, lorsqu'on compare le nombre des morts et des blessés avec celui des véhicules, on constate qu'en i960 il y a eu 4,3 morts et 61 blessé pour 1.000 véhicules, contre 5,9 et 41 en 1964, soit une certaine augmentation du nombre des morts par rapport à celui des véhicules. Parmi les usagers de la circulation, les plus atteints sont les piétons (22,3%), puis les occupants des véhicules, (33%), les cyclistes (22,3%), les tractoristes et les conducteurs de voitures (13,6%), et enfin les motocyclistes et les charretiers. La proportion des morts s'établit comme suit: piétons (28,1%), occupants des véhicules (15,6%), cyclistes et mopédistes. Le nombre des accidents: de la circulation a influé aussi sur le montant des indemnisations versées par l'office d'assurances de Nis, qui sont en augmentation constante. Les responsables des accidents de la circulation sont le plus souvent les chauffeurs; viennent ensuite les piétons et les occupants des véhicules. La route et le véhicule jouent dans ce domaine un rôle insignifiant. Les chauffeurs provoquent le plus souvent des accidents par excès de Vitesse, parce qu'ils ne respectent pas la priorité et enfin parce qu'ils effectuent des dépassements irrégullers.Les accidents les plus nombreux sont le fait des chauffeurs professionnels. L'alcool joue un rôle important dans les accidents graves. En 1964, l'ébriété était à l'origine de 3,5% des accidents graves. Le nombre des infractions aux règles de la circulation représente près d'un cinquième du nombre total des infractions. Les peines pour ces infractions se présentent le plus souvent sous forme d'amendes qui vont de 3 à 5.000 dinars. Les peines d'emprisonnement sont rarement prononcées, et leur durée moyenne est d'environ 12 jours.Le nombre des personnes qui ont été frapées de sanctions pénnales pour avoir provoqué des accidents de la route est relativement peu élevé. Ceci indique les chauffeurs ne pas responsables de la plupart des accidents. Les peines prononcées par les tribunaux ne sont pas satisfaisantes. Il y a trop de sursis et de peines d'emprisonnement de courte durée.La procédure pénale dure assez longtemps un an environ. L'enquête sur les lieux pose un problème à part, à cause du nombre et de la nature des accidents.

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Сузбијање корупције у међународном кривичном праву

Author(s): Miodrag N. Simović,Dragan Jovašević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

Though it is an ancient phenomenon, which is present in all legal systems from the earliest times to the present, the international community, in addition to national criminal legislation, has also dealt with the problem of corruption. Thus, in the last decades, more universal (within the United Nations) and regional (within the European Union and Council of Europe) international documents establishing a system of international standards for the prevention and fighting the corruption at all levels, including the application of criminal sanctions, have been passed. By signing the international documents, certain national legislations, including, amongst others, the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, have undertaken to prescribe, inter alia, criminal liability and criminal sanctions system for perpetrators of criminal offences of corruption. This paper deals with the system of international standards for the prevention and fight against the corruption.

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Сузбијање организованог криминала у функцији европских интеграција Cрбије

Author(s): Dragan Jovašević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

Organized crime in all its forms dangerously threatens the national security of modern states, but it also represents an international problem. Therefore, great number of international documents establishing the system of international standards for legal and efficient combat against organized crime was adopted at the level of the international community (for universal and regional organizations) and individual states should implement them into their national legislation. Recently, Republic of Serbia on its road to EU invested considerable effort, especially on the normative level, to establish an effective mechanism for preventing and combating organized crime and this is the subject of this paper.

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Сузбијање прања новца у Европској унији

Author(s): Dragan Jovašević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 31-32/2010

The objective of committing a criminal activity, not only within classic but even more within organised transnational crime, is in a large number of cases to obtain illegal gain. By performing financial, banking, economic and similar activities, the illegally obtained gain is placed in legal financial flows. Realising that there is a great danger in money laundering (making legal the illegally obtained gain) the European Union takes a large number of various measures, means and procedures with the aim to prevent and stamp out such criminal phenomena. Apart from a number of legal documents (from the treaties establishing the European Union to recommendations), several specialised agencies have been established within this regional organisation with the basic task to fight against such negative phenomena. The paper analyses the legal documents and activity of the EU specialised agencies in fighting against this specific form of “financial” crime.

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Сузбијање тероризма и кривични законик Немачке

Author(s): Dragana Kolarić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

We are witnessing the time when terrorist incidents escalate all around the world. During the last several decades the international community has been working on creation of mechanisms to prosecute and punish the offenders of serious crimes such as terrorism. The states are more and more focused on harmonizing national criminal legislations with the international documents in order to unify incriminations of terrorism, as well as terrorism-related crimes. This harmonization includes also the punishments in order to prevent the terrorists to take advantage of favourable conditions which result from the differences among the national legislations. Despite great willingness and increasing consensus among the states regarding the reform and further development of legal solutions, this process faces many challenges. The central part of this paper consists of the answers to the question if the Federal Republic of Germany, faced with the threat of global terrorism, has adequate criminal provisions, i.e. if the implementation of the most important international documents has been made. This paper offers the review of the development of contemporary German criminal law in the field of fighting terrorism and gives the answer to the question if there is a harmony between the measures applied by the German criminal legislation in order to suppress terrorism as well as criteria which are considered consistent with the principles of the rule of law.

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Суспільна небезпечність діяння в системі ознак поняття «кримінальне правопорушення»

Author(s): M.I. Panov,Sergey O. Kharytonov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 150/2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the social danger of an act – a sign of the concept of «criminal offense», which actually performs the functions of the category of criminal law and is important for the entire system of concepts and norms of both the General and Special parts of criminal law. The most essential features and properties of this feature – a structural element of the concept – are considered,which reflect the social harmfulness and increased danger of this act for the values of society and social relations protected by criminal law, which are formed about these values. It is argued that the public danger of an act is organically inherent in a criminal offense, acts as its objective social characteristic,immanent to it as an objective social and legal phenomenon (fact of reality). Using a systematic approach, the author investigates the relationship and interconnection of this feature with other features of a criminal offense – with “criminal wrongfulness” and “criminal law punishability” of the act. It is noted that the social danger of an act is the social basis of criminalization and its recognition as criminally illegal and punishable. The signs of «public danger» and «criminal wrongfulness» of an act correlate with each other as the categories «content» and «form» correlate. The interrelation of the sign «social danger of an act» with the sign of «criminal-legal punishability of an act»is clarified. Attention is focused on the fact that the public danger of an act significantly affects the degree of punishability of the act, on the establishment in the sanction of the type and measure of punishment for committing a socially dangerous act provided for in the disposition of the article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code. At the same time, it is emphasized that the type and measure of punishment specified in the sanction are important formalized indicators of the degree of public danger of an act,which constitutes the content of a criminal offense and determine its severity when deciding whether to classify it (classification) as a criminal offense or a crime, and the latter to one of the categories – not heavy, heavy or especially heavy. The role and influence of the public danger of a criminal offense on the systemic and structural links between various elements of the law on criminal liability is considered.The conclusion is formulated that the sign «social danger of an act» in the structure of signs of the concept of «criminal offense» has a fundamental character, is an immanent (organically inherent)property of a criminal offense and therefore must certainly be indicated in the legislative definition of the concept of «criminal offense».

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Сутність і зміст поняття «оперативно-розшукова тактика»

Author(s): S. О. Pavlenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 14/2018

This article carried out a detailed scientific analysis of the nature and content of operational search tactics. Analysis of the vocabulary literature suggests that, despite minor differences in the interpretation of the concept of tactics, in general, this term means "an integral part of the art of war that combines the theory and practice of preparing and conducting combat." According to the results of the study, it was established that the theoretical basis for the formation of operational-search tactics was the groundwork of forensic scientists. The author's wording of the concept of “operational-search tactics” is provided as a direction of operational-search activity, formed on the basis of its theoretical principles and practical experience of entities carrying out this activity legally with the goal of fulfilling the tasks stipulated by the Law of Ukraine “On operational-search activity” Based on the analysis of the scientific heritage of scientists, it has been established that operational-search tactics in the theory of operational-search activity can be divided into general and special ones.The questions about the delimitation (ratio) of the tactics of secret investigative (search) actions and tactics of operational search activities are considered. Despite some common signs of tactics for conducting secret investigative (search) actions and operational search activities, it should be remembered that investigation tactics are traditionally considered in the framework of criminalistics, but operational search activities are the subject of the study of the theory of operational search activities. At the same time, it was noted that the tactics of secret investigative (investigative) actions, although individual in their sense, should predominantly be based on the provisions of operational investigative activity, and not criminalistics, at least taking into account the fact that the theoretical and practical operational search tactics worked over the years.It is concluded that both forensic and operational search tactics will require a high-quality update. In particular, the results of a survey of investigators and operational workers indicate the need and desirability of borrowing foreign experience in terms of education and training of investigators and operational units on tactics of identifying, preventing and investigating crimes in the field of high technologies (as noted by 81% of respondents).

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СУЧАСНЕ РОЗУМІННЯ КРИМІНАЛІСТИЧНОЇ ТАКТИКИ: ПОНЯТТЯ, ОЗНАКИ, ПРЕДМЕТ І ЗАВДАННЯ

Author(s): Victor Mikhailovich Shevchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 17/2020

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of modern understanding of criminalistic tactics, its subject and tasks. The scientific approaches to the studied concepts of «criminalistic tactics» was analyzed. The definition of criminalistic tactics is offered, its essential features are singled out. It’s substantiated that often in the special and educational literature scientists limit themselves to considering the general provisions of criminalistic tactics and coverage of tactics of separate investigative (search) actions, that is to say problems of investigative tactics, which does not really reflect the full content and structure of this section. It is proved that criminalistic tactics should study the tactics of all participants in criminal proceedings and therefore should be distinguished and investigated the following sub-branches of criminalistic tactics: investigative tactics, judicial tactics, investigative tactics, prosecutorial tactics, professional defense tactics, criminal tactics, etc. In addition, the definite essence of the concept of criminalistic tactics should take into account, on the one hand, the line of conduct of the subjects of criminal proceedings, which carry out pre-trial investigation, trial and defense (investigator, detective, prosecutor, lawyer, court (judge), etc.), whose activities are aimed at collecting, recording, seizing and examining evidence, and on the other hand − the behavior of participants in criminal proceedings, which are subject to such tactical and criminalistic recommendations and means of criminalistic tactics (suspects, accused, victims, witnesses, official witnesses, etc.) taking into account the possibilities of tactical influence on such persons in order to solve criminalistic and other tasks of criminal proceedings.

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Сучасний стан організованої злочинності в Україні

Author(s): Olena Shostko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 135/2016

The article provides analysis of organized crime in Ukraine for the period from 2006 to 2015. Based on official statistics data it has been revealed that quantitative and qualitative records of crimes, committed by organised groups (OG) and criminal associations (CA), are declining rapidly.The number of detected OGs and CAs in Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 decreased by 3,5 times,the number of detected criminal individuals decreased threefold. In particular, 466 OGs and CAs were identified in 2006, while in 2015 only 166 were identified.The number of persons convicted for crimes committed within stable organized structures were as follows: in 2013 – 587 persons, in 2014 – 492 persons and in 2015 – 228 persons. The last figure makes only 0, 2% of the total (both within and outside organized structures) convicted persons in 2015.In overall the law enforcement agencies identified the following number of OGs and CAs with transnational links in resent years: in 2014 – ten, in 2015 – four, in 10 months in 2016 – four. On average, a criminal group consists of four members. According to official records, during the period of 2014-2015 not a single gram of cocaine and heroin has been confiscated.The author observed a research of victimologist Jan van Dijk, which demonstrated that in 2003 Ukraine was among 15 countries with the highest levels of organized crime (Composite Organized Crime Index –COCI). Emphasis was made on the limitations of official statistics which does not always adequately reflect the actual level of organized crime.The aforementioned statistics for the past 10 years reflect the inefficiency of law enforcement agencies in identifying undercover, disguised criminal activity. The author explains the situation by various factors, among them one of the most important is corruption in law enforcement agencies. Comprehensive studies of organized crime latency is suggested to be conducted at the state level.

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СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ЗЛОЧИННОСТІ У ЗАРУБІЖНИХ ДЕРЖАВАХ

Author(s): Oleksandr Kolb,I. Kolb / Language(s): English,Ukrainian Issue: 3/2016

The article presents the analysis of the current state of crime abroad, identifies main tendencies of its development, and formulated evidence-based conclusions on the merits of this problem, given the crime situation that has developed today in Ukraine.

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Сучасний стан та тенденції розвитку криміналістики: актуальні проблеми сьогодення

Author(s): V. M. Shevchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 146/2019

The author discusses the debatable problems of the theory and methodology of criminalistics, analyzes the trends and prospects for its development. It is determined that the formation and modern development of criminalistics as an independent science is naturally associated with arise in the sphere of fight against crime, functions and objectives of this science, and naturally associated with the formation of a system of scientific methods. It is impossible to ensure the further development of forensic science in developing the effectiveness of organizaciono-tactical counter crime and not improving the theoretical and methodological basis of criminalistics. Recently, however, in the criminalistics literature there are opposing opinions and approaches of occurrence of the different nature of the critical judgments to the traditional theory and methodology of criminalistics, as well as criticism of the concept of general theory of criminalistics. It is increasingly possible to meet the approval of certain scientists about the so-called-my idea of "crisis" in criminalistics and its methodological problems.Proves that it is not "ideas crisis", and the idea of objective and the further development of criminalistics should dominate in forensic investigations in the light of contemporary state of development of science, traditions of criminalistics, which would become the foundation of the ideology of criminalistics thinking and identify promising areas for further research. Further research requires integrative function of criminalistics, applying systemic-structural activity, functional, process-oriented approaches, strengthening the practical orientation of forensic research that will raise modern science to a qualitatively new level of development.Is determined that the subject matter of the analysis of the current state of the trends and prospects of development of criminalistics, its theoretical and methodological foundations is the most important areas of forensic doctrine. Scientific approaches and proposals for solving the identified discussion problems of the theory and methodology of criminalistics science are formulated.

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Сучасний тероризм як соціальне явище: сутність та форми прояву

Author(s): V. Moklyak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 135/2016

The article reveals the essence of terrorism as a phenomenon of social reality through the prism of the theory. The reasons of different understanding of this phenomenon are analysed. The article provides differentiation between primary and intermediate targets of terrorist activities. Thus, the main(general, strategic, ultimate) goal of terrorism is to achieve certain political, religious or other social changes, and intermediate (tactical, local) terrorism objectives and define the specific manifestations ofit. It is noted that terrorist activity always involves the use of extreme violence or the threat of its use.Manifestations of the above mentioned violence are varied and are independent acts, the commission of which entails criminal liability. The peculiarity of violence caused by terrorism is the use of «victim target differentiation» strategy. Thus, terrorism aim at creating atmosphere of fear, terror, tension and intimidating the population, or some part of it. This state is generated 1) by the terrorist acts (the brutal violence and its consequences, the greater the psychological affect it can have on third parties); 2) random and indiscriminate nature of the selection of victims; 3) unexpected and unpredictable violence. Other features of modern terrorism are determined: mainly organized nature; close ties with organized crime;armament and conspiration; widespread use of the media and others. The article gives grounds to interpret terrorism as a separate kind of crime. It is determined that criminal forms of terrorism are covered as separate components of terrorist offenses (Art. 258-258-5 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), and other elements of crimes, which also comply characteristics of terrorist offenses (attempt on the life of the state or public figure, hostage-taking, threat to commit theft or use of radioactive materials, attempt on the life of a foreign state representative, etc.).

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Сучасні погляди на праворозуміння в контексті апгрейду кримінального законодавства України

Author(s): I. O. Zinchenko,Ye. V. Shevchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 48/2022

The authors consider issues related to contemporary views on the legal consciousness and its influence on the criminal legislation of Ukraine. The authors analyse the modern scientific thought regarding the scope and the content of categories of the law and the legislation, ascertain their correlation, and prove that the above-mentioned categories differ and match neither in size nor in content. The authors suggest using an integrative approach as the most optimal for determining an influence of the legal consciousness on upgrading the domestic criminal legislation.

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