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Powiązania miast województwa łódzkiego w systemie kolejowego transportu zbiorowego w świetle potencjału komunikacyjnego

Author(s): Szymon Wiśniewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 140/2015

The paper presents a topological characteristics of the network passenger train connections in the province of Łódź. The effectiveness of all connections between 24 cities in the region included in the network of scheduled connections was assessed based on their frequency and duration time expressed in physical, time and economic units. In addition, the communication was defined by its potential, strength and direction of its influence for each of the examined cities in the rail system. It was found that the accessibility of the towns, on the assumption of train journey, is determined first of all by the direction of the railway. The railway pattern in the Łódź province provides access to 24 out of 44 towns. The level of transport connections between the towns in region resulting from the operation of collective transport by rail is clearly conditioned by the number of potential users. This relationship is not as clear as in the public road transport. On the other hand, the location of a city in the urban network and within the region is a secondary factor.

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OSVJETLJENJE TURISTIČKIH PEĆINA LED TEHNOLOGIJOM/RASVJETOM

Author(s): Edina Hasanspahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2016

This paper aims to present the situation in the caves of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the field of illumination. There are so many benefits of the LED technology but perhaps the most important is the one that brings huge savings which are going to be presented in the paper. The cave illuminating is one of the basic tenets of the speleotourism development, so the illumination with LED technology could significantly contribute to the speleotourism development. If we add the fact that more than a half of the Bosnia and Herzegovina area is covered with karst and a lot of caves, it would mean that there have to be much more projects of tourist caves arrangement in the future.The partner in this paper is German company “Cave Lighting CL GmbH & CO KG” (www.cavelighting.com), the company which conceded their data about solutions of LED lighting installation in the tourist caves.

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Microscopic fungal assemblage colonizing deadwood in the Karkonosze and Tatra Mountains

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Microscopic fungal assemblage colonizing deadwood in the Karkonosze and Tatra Mountains

Author(s): Wojciech Pusz,Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica,Katarzyna Patejuk,Cecylia Uklańska-Pusz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The aim of the study was to determine the species composition of microscopic fungi colonizing dead wood of birch, beech, sycamore maple and sorb (Karkonosze Mountains), and black alder, mountain pine, willow, Swiss pine, sorb, sycamore maple and birch in the Tatras. The mycological analysis was conducted in 2015 and 2016 in the foothills and in the lower and upper montane zones of the Karkonosze Mounts, Karkonosze National Park, and in 2016 in the Białka Valley and Chochołowska Valley in the Tatras, Tatra National Park. For both, Karkonosze Mounts and Tatras, the dominant microscopic fungi inhabiting dead wood belonged to the genus Trichoderma. The Mycobiota of dead wood in the lower classes of decomposition was characterized by a higher species biodiversity but the lower numbers of colonies isolated.

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Wypływy wód podziemnych w dnach mis jeziornych na przykładzie Jeziora Raduńskiego Górnego (Pojezierze Kaszubskie)

Author(s): Roman Cieśliński,Jacek Piekarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 148/2017

The aim of the study was to locate and describe groundwater outflows in a selected lake basin. The second aim was to measure spring discharge and measure physical characteristics of the studied waters ( temperature, conductivity ). The time scope of the work comprised the period from January 2011 to September 2012. The spatial scope of the work included the area of Lake Raduńskie Górne located in the Kashubian Lake District in northern Poland. The study consisted mostly of fieldwork and reviewing archived materials. Four groundwater outflows were located in the course of the study. Their total discharge was 4.6 l·s-1 and ranged between 0.5 and 2.5 l·s-1. This produces an annual yield of about 145,000 m3·yr-1. This value is comparable to that for other lakes in the world. In effect, Lake Raduńskie Górne receives about 0.15% of its water from under-lake springs. This is a minute value in comparison with the lake’s total groundwater recharge ( 97 mln m3 per year ). However, it must be assumed that the actual number of under-lake springs is many times greater than that identified in the course of this study, which means that the share of water supplied in this manner is likely much higher and its effect on water chemistry and water levels in the lake is also likely much more pronounced.

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Skład chemiczny wód potoków południowego stoku masywu Babiej Góry

Author(s): Małgorzata Malata,Jacek Motyka,Adam Postawa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 148/2017

The chemical composition of the waters of mountain streams depends on natural and anthropogenic conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of physico-chemical properties of water in the streams in the massif of Babia Góra. The study selected fourteen streams located in the Babia Góra National Park and its buffer zone. Based on the results of analyses of macronutrients and micronutrients of ions, conditions determining the physico-chemical parameters of water were determined. The physical and chemical composition of stream waters proved to be conditioned by the geology of catchments, the process of dilution, water temperature and the type of plant communities as well as and the seasonality of vegetation.

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Integracja systemu zarządzania ryzykiem powodziowym i ochroną wód na przykładzie doliny Warty między Koninem a Obornikami

Author(s): Renata Graf,Kamil Jawgiel,Jan Łukaszewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 148/2017

The aim of the study was the analysis of the integration of a flood risk management and water protection system in a selected section of the Warta Valley with taking into consideration the guidelines of the Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive. The structure of the valley is comprised within a distance of 201.1 km by stretches of: an urstromtal, between the towns of Konin and Śrem, and the Warta gorge stretch between Śrem and Oborniki. High environmental values of the valley are shown, related to the presence of conservation areas and, on the other hand, a high flood hazard risk, resulting e.g. from advancing land development in the valley and its low retention capacity. The Integrated Water Resources Management guidelines conception was used in the analysis, inlcuding pointing out the directions of relations between minimizing flood risk and protection of natural values of the Warta River and its valley. Spatial distribution of the flood hazard and risk in the Warta Valley was also analyzed. A detailed analysis covered activities of a technical and non-technical character intended to stop the growth of flood risk. In the field of water conservation, the considered objectives included: achieving and maintaining a good ecological potential of waters or the risk of failing to achieve it, which is determined by a high urbanisation ratio, draining of an open-pit lignite mine, extensive morphological change in the river bed and pollution discharged into the waters from land used for agriculture. The results proved that one of the most significant factors directly impacting the environmental condition and ecological potential of the waters is the activity related to flood risk reduction. Potential threats to the functioning of NATURA 2000 areas characterized by high natural values were also indicated.

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Źródła zlewni Bystrzycy Dusznickiej

Author(s): Adam Bartnik,Marek Walisch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/1997

Opracowanie niniejsze jest próbą prezentacji źródeł zlewni górnej Bystrzycy Dusznickiej na tle budowy geologicznej i tektoniki obszaru. W opracowaniu zwrócono szczególną uwagę na termikę wód źródlanych i związek występowania obszarów źródliskowych z budową geologiczną zlewni

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Selecting appropriate forecast method on the basis of forecast accuracy- pharmaceutical company case study

Author(s): Vesna Micajkova,Vesna Georgieva Svrtinov,Vladimir Petkovski,Emanuela Esmerova / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2018

Forecasting is an essential discipline in planning and running a business. Companies make forecast regarding sales, production cost and financial requirement of the business. Sales forecast is the most important since it is a foundation of all other forecasts. Companies’ success depends, to a large extent, on the accuracy of this forecast. Therefore using the most appropriate forecast method is very important. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of three sales time-series forecasting methods: moving average, exponential smoothing and regression analysis and to present an approach for the most appropriate forecast method selection. The methods are presented using data of Alkaloid AD Skopje sales revenue for time period from 2001 to 2015. The most appropriate forecast method was determined on the basis of forecast accuracy which was measured through: Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Mean Square Error (MSE).

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Assessment of Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Using Erosion Potential Method: Case Study - Vrbas River Basin (B&H)

Author(s): Novica Lovrić,Radislav Tošić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Soil erosion is one of the most significant forms of land degradation in the Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mapping of soil erosion in B&H, as in the study area, was realized 30 years ago (1979-1985). The past decades has been marked by the changes which retained visible tracks and caused numerous changes in the intensity of erosion processes. In this paper, the mapping of the recent state of erosion intensity was performed, and then an analysis of changes was made in relation to the state of 30 years ago. The erosion potential method (EPM) was used for mapping the soil erosion and calculation of gross annual erosion and sediment yield. Erosion Map of the Vrbas river basin was made in the scale of 1:25,000. This Erosion Map counts a total of 69 topographic sections and 4,524 erosion polygons (plots). According to the Erosion Map of the Vrbas river basin, 5,666.88 km2 of the study area is affected by erosion, while 621.71 km2 are accumulating sediments. Annual gross erosion in the Vrbas river basin is 1,223,989.60 m3/year, while sediment yield is 366,088.10 m3/year. These research results are important because this is the first soil erosion map for the Vrbas river basin with EPM methodology for the whole river basin on territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results can be applied in the field of spatial and urban planning, water and soil management on the local and regional level.

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Extreme Temperature Months in Rila Mountain, Bulgaria (1960-2012)

Author(s): Nina Nikolova,Jocelin Laporte,Galina Tomova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The air temperature is the main climatic parameter which gives important information about climate change and variability. The increasing of the temperature and frequency of occurrence of extreme high temperatures during the recent years is one of the features of climate which is associated with the global climate change. The present study aims to analyze the variability of air temperatures in the mountainous area of Bulgaria and in Rila Mountain in particular by the investigation of chronological distribution of extreme cold and extreme warm months. Extreme temperature months are determined according to 10-th and 90-th percentiles of the distribution of monthly data. On the basis of the investigation of extreme temperature months during the period 1960-2012 the increase of warm and decrease of cold months are determined at annual level and also for summertime and winter-time. The results show that the warming during the summer-time (May – October) is more clearly established that in winter-time (November – April).

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Analysis of Equivalent Temperature - Case of Kragujevac City

Author(s): Nikola Milentijević,Jovan Dragojlović,Marija Cimbaljević,Dušan Ristić,Kristina Kalkan,Dragan Burić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

A more complete climate image of a site is obtained by analyzing bioclimatic indicators. In this paper, an analysis of the physiological sense of heat in the territory of the city of Kragujevac was presented. Bioclimatic considerations are based on the equivalent temperature, which represents the combined influence of air temperature and water vapor pressure. Based on these two climatic elements, the corresponding equations and the Krüger anthropo-climatic classifications, three climate types and nine physiological sensations of heat for the territory of the city of Kragujevac were isolated. Their significance in bioclimatology is that they cause different sensations of heat in healthy and sick people, and can serve as the basis for the expected types of bioclimate during the year. Urban areas are areas of higher population concentration to which the climate elements act stimulating or, on the contrary, discouraging, which depends on the person's health. For the needs of this work, a thirty-year climate period (1981-2010) was analyzed based on the data obtained from the weather station Kragujevac. There are significant historical and tourist sites and natural resources in the city and its surroundings, which can be valorized complementarily. Analyzed values of equivalent temperatures can be used for the planning of tourist activities and in means of tourist propaganda. For this purpose, this work can be a solid bioclimatic basis.

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Local Climates of Vardar, Struma And Mesta Valleys (Balkan Peninsula) According to the Modified Köppen Climate Classification

Author(s): Hristo Popov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The Köppen classification is commonly used and helpful for characteristics of different climate types and their changes. Available maps based on this classification are dealing with continental and worldwide zones. This is the reason mountainous territory of the Balkans to be defined as zones with cold or high mountain climate without further details. The main aim of the study is detail classification of the territory of Vardar, Struma and Mesta in the view of the Köppen system and establishing the inner zones variability trough time. In order to achieve this goal we use the SAT (surface air temperature) and precipitation data from meteorological stations located in key areas of the valleys. We build 30 year moving average to present climate fluctuations in these areas according to the modified Köppen classification. Results show that index changing is variable through the different periods but there has a tendency for general reduction of the annual precipitation in the whole period of observation.

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Aleje przydrożne gminy Dobre Miasto – przegląd i potrzeby uzupełnienia drzewostanów

Author(s): Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik,Piotr Dynowski,Mieczysława Aldona Fenyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Roadside-tree stands are an important and characteristic element of the landscape communities from the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship. But there is no accurate data on the current state of conservation of the different alleys and proposals for their protection. The article presents the results of field research on the inventory and synthetic characterization of tree alleys occurring in Dobre Miasto commune and the type and number of trees needed to complete individual roadside-tree stands. It was noted that, despite the advanced age of the trees and improperly conducted treatments, relatively large and dense network of line-trees stands with a large wealth dendroflora, with the vast majority of native species, has survived to this day. Additionally .place of conflict., tree alleys demonstrating additional value cultural and alleys of veteran trees and potential habitat hermit oak (Osmoderma hermit) were determined. Presented the data resulted in the creation program of local development of roadside-tree stands in the Dobre Miasto commune.

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Agrorecreational ecoparks in the quarries territory as a new type of urban production (on the example of Kryvbas)

Author(s): Taras Rudenko,Tetiana Mukha,Mariia Rudenko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The article analyzes the main conditions of formation of agrorecreational ecoparks in the quarries territory, which no longer perform their initial functions. Agrorecreational ecoparks are regarded as a new type of urban development in combination with recreational function for industrial cities. Thus agrorecreational ecoparks are researched as structural elements of both agroproductive and recreational complexes of a country. Depending on types of activity there have been established main functional subzones and their interposition according to the exploitation mode and territory security. The planning structure of an agrorecreational ecopark locates the subzones of scientific use in the middle of a park, in the most accessible places as they are main attraction for visitors. Natural landscape of recreational use subzone adjoins the scientific zone; service centers and utility zones are located along the edges of the park thus creating a buffer area. The main groups of relief forms have been analyzed, which directly affect the planning structure of the researched parks. The main types of agrorecreational ecoparks in terms of relief forms have been identified; dimensional and spatial peculiarities of organization of such territories have been determined. In the context of a complex terrain and intensive soil erosion the major component of agrorecreational ecoterritories is geoplastic relief with drainage network (columbine), which determines precipitations run-off and the water regime of the park in general. The main notions and special features of landscape columbine and geoplastics (terracing) have been analyzed. The major types of agrolandscapes under the conditions of agrorecreational ecoparks formation have been established.

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Instytucja miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego – ocena i oczekiwania zmian według gminnych władz samorządowych w Polsce

Author(s): Wojciech Korbel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

Municipal governments in Poland implementing spatial policy are obliged to act strictly within the limits of applicable laws. The land development plan is one of the basic instruments for shaping spatial policy at the local level. The legal provisions defining the manner of creating and functioning of the plan are therefore crucial for the effects of the spatial policy of local governments. The research has attempted to answer the question whether the creation of land development plan is problematic for local authorities and what systemic changes are being most expected. The research poll was prepared and addressed to a representative group of communal authorities in Poland. The article presents broad expectations of local governments regarding legal changes in the plan creation process. These changes are mostly perceived as actions aimed at procedural simplification in the area of creating orchanging local land development plans as well as correcting and explaining the errors appearing in these documents.Changes aimed at strengthening planning activities by means of additional analytical studies or to increasethe scope of the plan’s arrangements were considered by responding authorities as not relevant and unnecessary in the legal system. The collected information also allows to formulate a thesis on the inconsistency of the expectations of communal authorities with the directions of legal changes over the past years in Poland.

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Rekultywacja trzech jezior w Olsztynie w kontekście rozwoju przestrzeni rekreacyjnej miasta

Author(s): Katarzyna Parszuto,Renata Tandyrak,Jolanta Grochowska,Justyna Sieńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The article presents the range of the restoration treatments, which were carried out in three lakes in the city of Olsztyn (Lake Długie, Lake Starodworskie and Lake Krotowskie). The impact of these projects onthe development and management of tourism and recreation area has been assessed. Restoration techniques have been developed, implemented by the staff of the Department of Water Protection Engineering, the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn.

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Informaţii mineralogice din secolul al XVIII-lea privind teritoriul României în opera lui Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli, "Danubius Pannonico Mysicus: osbervationibus, geographicus, astronomicis, hydrographicis, historicis, physicis"

Author(s): Gabriela-Rodica Morărescu,Vlad A. Codrea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2011

The work of encyclopedic extension about Danube, Danubius Pannonico – Mysicus (Amsterdam, Haga, 1726), of the count Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli, founder of the Institute of Sciences in Bologna, gives valuable geomorphological and min eralogical information concerning the territory of our country, especially on the deposits bearing minerals of economic value from Transylvania.

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Nebeski znaci i zemalјske prilike: astronomske pojave, meteorološke promene i geološka aktivnost u Srbiji 1941. godine

Author(s): Miloš Timotijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2020

The movement of celestial bodies, climate changes and earthquakes have always affected people’s lives. While astronomical phenomena is mainly related only to symbolic effects on human activities, meteorological changes and geological activities have a direct impact. Interpretations of such events, especially at turning points of history, often rely on a mythical way of thinking and making conclusions. 1945 was, in many ways, an apocalyptic year for the Serbian people, but, at the same time, it was marked by extreme climate changes, earthquakes and a lunar eclipse, to which have never been attributed any special meanings. The suffering of the people after the collapse of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was of enormous proportions so that the celestial phenomena remained in the shadow of much more terrible events on Earth.

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Sila – A play about Climate Change in the Arctic

Author(s): Albert Rau / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Climate change has become one of the most urgent challenges today and the Arctic is one of thefirst places that is visibly affected. The Inuit have lived there for thousands of years, but can their culture survive in a dramatically changing environment? Sila is a play by Chantal Bilodeau that tells the stories of people who are living there and how they deal with the changing face of the north. As an issue play Sila can be a rewarding text to study in the classroom to elucidate the effects of climate change and discuss divergent views and experiences on how to take action.

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Ecuadorian Tourism Industry Competitiveness Analysis

Author(s): Nory Viña-Palomino / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The tourism industry in developing countries can present differentiated results in their levels of competitiveness. Analyzing the specific cases in this type of economy could open up the possibility of developing more efficient growth processes in the industry. The study proposes to analyze the challenges that restrict the full development of tourism in Ecuador. A literature review related to the competitiveness of destinations is carried out, identifying the potentialities and conditions for the correct development of the sector. It is identified that improvements must be made in current industry regulations, planning and decentralization processes and coordinating related actors.

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