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ГИС проект за изследване на карста в Р. България

Author(s): Georgi Jelev,Dilyana Stefanova,Petar Stefanov,Dimitar Bonev,Alexandra Stoyanova,Dema Cholakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This paper is focusing on the development of geographic information system (GIS) which aim is to facilitate the study of anthropogenic influence on karst systems in Bulgaria by analysing characteristic model areas. Five model areas are selected representing different types of karst systems in the context of the political, socio-economic, and global changes. This study is part of the project „Current impacts of global changes on evolution of karst (based on the i ntegrated monitoring of model karst geosystems in Bulgaria)”, Science Research Fund.

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Интердисциплинарните проекти на департаменти „Археология“ и „Природни науки“ на Нов български университет

Author(s): Irena Dimitrova,Boyan Dumanov,Zhivko Uzunov,Bilyana Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The aim of the work is to present the interdisciplinary projects developed and funded by the Bulgarian Science Research Found. These projects are created in Departments of Archaeology, and Natural Sciences, New Bulgarian University in the period 2014–2019.

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GREEN GROWTH, JUST TRANSITION AND DECENT WORKS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND COMBATTING CLIMATE CHANGE

Author(s): Çiğdem TUĞAÇ / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Traditional economic growth models damage natural resources to which humanity depends, causing important environmental, social and economic problems, especially climate change. Today, it is understood by countries that a new growth approach should be applied in order to ensure the sustainable use of scarce natural resources, combatting negative effects of climate change and reduce poverty while realizing economic development. The view that environmentally friendly investments aren’t cost effective is changing and countries want to take advantage of the opportunities offered by green growth. However, this process also requires a just transition. The aim of this study is to evaluate green growth, just transition and decent work concepts in the context of sustainable development and combatting climate change. In the study, it is concluded that if green growth and just transition processes are well managed, they provide significant opportunities for realizing UN-SDGs, combatting climate change and the creation of decent works.

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Olcsó élelmiszer és klímaváltozás, avagy hogyan jutottunk az értéktöbblettől a negatív értékig a kapitalista világökológiában

Author(s): Jason W. Moore / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 29/2021

Capitalism, understood as a world-ecology that joins accumulation, power, and nature in dialectical unity, has been adept at evading so-called Malthusian dynamics through an astonishing historical capacity to produce, locate, and occupy cheap natures external to the system. In recent decades, the last frontiers have closed, and this astonishing historical capacity has withered. This “withering” is perhaps most evident in capitalism’s failure to offer a new, actually productive, agricultural model—as agrobiotechnology failed to deliver on its promissory notes. Moving from bad to worse, a second set of contradictions is now mediated through climate change. Climate change, one among many ongoing biospheric shifts, is interwoven with the totality of neoliberal agriculture’s contradictions to produce a new contradiction: negative value. This signals the emergence of forms of nature that are increasingly hostile to capital accumulation and that can be temporarily fixed (if at all) only through increasingly costly, toxic, and dangerous strategies. The rise of negative value—whose accumulation has been latent for much of capitalist history—therefore suggests a significant and rapid erosion of opportunities for the appropriation of new streams of unpaid work/energy. As such, these new limits are qualitatively different from the nutrient and resource depletion of earlier, developmental crises of the longue durée Cheap Food model. These contradictions, within capital, arising from negative value, are today encouraging an unprecedented shift toward a radical ontological politics, within capitalism as a whole, that destabilizes crucial points of agreement in the modern world system: What is food? What is nature? What is valuable?

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The Chosen People: The Hudson River School and the Construction of American Identity

Author(s): Tricia Cusack / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This text considers nineteenth-century riverscapes of the Hudson in relation to the formation of American identity. It argues that riverscapes in the United States contributed to welding a national identity to a Christian one, although officially the identities were distinct. I examine the role of the Hudson River School in the creation of the ‘wilderness’ as an image of American homeland, and how this construct incorporated the iconic figure of the Euro-American Christian 'pilgrim-pioneer.’ America looked more to the future than to the past for its national narrative, and an orientation to the future was symbolized in art by the flow of the Hudson toward distant horizons, while the pioneer identity was extended to embrace the entrepreneur-developer. The pioneer has remained an iconic figure for American nationalism, but is now more firmly located in the nation’s past; Janus’s gaze has been adjusted, demonstrating the potentially fluid character of nationalist discourse.

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Imagining Rivers: the Aesthetics, History, and Politics of American Waterways. A Conversation Between Lawrence Buell and Christof Mauch

Author(s): Christof Mauch,Lawrence Buell / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This contribution features a transatlantic conversation between Christof Mauch, environmental historian and Americanist from Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich, and Lawrence Buell, literary scholar and ‘pioneer’ of ecocriticism from Harvard University. Buell’s The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (1995) marked the first major attempt to understand the green tradition of environmental writing, nonfiction as well as fiction, beginning in colonial times and continuing into the present day. With Thoreau’s Walden as a touchstone, this seminal book provided an account of the place of nature in the history of Western thought. Other highly acclaimed monographs include Writing for an Endangered World (2001), a book that brought industrialized and exurban landscapes into conversation with one other, and The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination (2009), which provides a critical survey of the ecocritical movement since the 1970s, with an eye to the future of the discipline.

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New researches about the intervertebrates from Tinca area, Bihor county, Romania, during 2021

Author(s): Aurelian Leonardo Ilie,Mariana Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

In this paper there were presented data about the invertebrates identified from the Tinca area, during 2021. There were recorded 306 species belonging to six classes and 15 orders. There were obtained ecological data of these species, unknown in the scientific literature.

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Species of mammals disappeared from the Fagaras Mountains (Southern Carpathians) and the opportunity of their reintroduction

Author(s): Adrian Mestecăneanu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The opportunity of the reintroduction of some species of mammals in the Făgăraş Mountains, after that the European bison (Bison bonasus) (Linnaeus, 1758) and the European beaver (Castor fiber) Linnaeus, 1758 reintroduction is already in progress, is analyzed in this paper. It was stated that the bobak marmot (Marmotabobak) (Müller, 1766) and the Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) (Linnaeus, 1766) most likely never lived in the area and their reintroduction is, thus, impossible, the Przewalski΄s horse (Equus przewalskii f. gmelini) (Antonius, 1920)and the Mongolian khulan (Equus hemionus hemionus) Pallas, 1775 probably lived in the historical times in the forests and could be reintroduced, but rather in the nearby plain areas, the aurochs (Bos primigenius) Bojanus,1827 existed in the area until a few hundred years ago, but its reintroduction is unfeasible, because, currently, the species is globally extinct, the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) Linnaeus, 1758 certainly lived here, but its reintroduction depends on the cause and the moment of disappearance, still doubtful, and the elk (Alces alces) Linnaeus, 1758probably survived in the area after 15th century and could be reintroduced, but without the guarantee that it will remain stable in the area.

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ПРИЗНАНИЕТО „ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ НА КЛИМАТА“ И ПОСЛЕДИЦИТЕ ЗА ЧОВЕКА

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ПРИЗНАНИЕТО „ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ НА КЛИМАТА“ И ПОСЛЕДИЦИТЕ ЗА ЧОВЕКА

Author(s): Vladimir Vlaskov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 19/2021

The study addresses two major issues of our time. The first one is relate to the halfway recognition of climate change’s problems, despite even in ever-increasing number of extreme climate events. The second one focuses on the implications for the health and life of people stubbornly left behind, taking into account only economic damage. 306 The data on the trends of the temperature regime on a global scale and in particular of Bulgaria in the last year are present. These temperatures are record at extremely low solar activity, which requires a serious rethinking of the impact of the so-called “anthropogenic” factor on the climate.

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BARNETT, LYDIA. AFTER THE FLOOD. IMAGING THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE

Author(s): Nikola Ostojčić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2021

Review of: Nikola OSTOJČIĆ - BARNETT, LYDIA. AFTER THE FLOOD. IMAGINIG THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE. BALTIMORE: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2019., 250.

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JOSIP TOMEC, VIRJE – NARODNI ŽIVOT I OBIČAJI

Author(s): Petra Somek / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2021

Review of: Petra SOMEK - JOSIP TOMEC, VIRJE – NARODNI ŽIVOT I OBIČAJI, UR. DRAGUTIN FELETAR, ODSJEK ZA ETNOLOGIJU HAZU, ZAGREB, 2021., 494 STR.

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VJENCESLAV HEROUT, ŽELJKO KARAULA, POVIJEST DARUVARA

Author(s): Petar Feletar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2021

Review of: Petar FELETAR - VJENCESLAV HEROUT, ŽELJKO KARAULA, POVIJEST DARUVARA, UR. VLADIMIR STRUGAR, ZAVOD ZA ZNANSTVENOISTRAŽIVAČKI I UMJETNIČKI RAD HAZU U BJELOVARU, ZAGREB-BJELOVAR-DARUVAR, 2021., 516 STR.

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DAGOMAR DEGROOT, THE FRIGID GOLDEN AGE: CLIMATE CHANGE, THE LITTLE ICE AGE, AND THE DUTCH REPUBLIC, 1560–1720

Author(s): Adrian FILČIĆ / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2021

Review of: Adrian FILČIĆ - DAGOMAR DEGROOT, THE FRIGID GOLDEN AGE: CLIMATE CHANGE, THE LITTLE ICE AGE, AND THE DUTCH REPUBLIC, 1560–1720, CAMBRIDGE: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2019. 364. STR.

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Sacred Water Pools of Hindu Sacredscapes in North India

Author(s): Rana P.B. Singh,Pravin S. Rana,Sarvesh Kumar / Language(s): English Issue: 44/2021

The basic metaphysical frame of life in ancient India, that of sacred water (paviṭra jala) and the notion that “Water itself is life” (jala hī jivan hai), can be illustrated with case studies of two cities. Settled continuously since 1000 BCE, the cities of Varanasi and Ayodhya have been eulogized as the salvific holy-heritage cities in India known for their ritualscapes associated with sacred waters and pools. According to the ancient treatises and tales, there were fifty-four sacred tanks (kunds) and wells (kūpas) in each of these cities, and they became important sites for purification rituals, pilgrimage, healing and festive celebration by devout Hindus. After providing descriptions of the sacred water pools, this essay in part explores traditions associated with a water-pool sacred to the Sun god in both the cities. More broadly, using ancient texts, present participatory surveys, and ethnological narration, the essay considers the long-lived sacrality of water pools in these holy cities and current development strategies involving them.

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A look at the city of Fortaleza from the perspective of NBR ISO 37120:2017

Author(s): Francisco DE ASSIS SOUZA ALEXANDRE,Maria Elisa MARCIANO MARTINEZ,Marcello CARVALHO DOS REIS,Patrícia CARVALHO DOS REIS,Auzuir RIPARDO DE ALEXANDRIA / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

This article presents, for the city of Fortaleza, the result of the indicators of five of the seventeen sections of the standard NBR ISO 37120:2017 - “Sustainable Development of Communities - Indicators for urban services and quality of life" which establishes an international standard of key indicators and encourages communities to become more proactive, ensuring that stakeholders develop and implement a management system suited to the needs of each region. This standard, launched in 2014, defines the methodology for a set of 100 indicators, divided into 17 sections, which address social, environmental and economic aspects of cities. The five sections chosen for this work were: education, health, security, shelter and transport, since they are key areas for the development of any city. Fortaleza's results, in each of these sections, are discussed and compared with those of 58 other cities available through the World Council on City Data (WCCD) database. It is, therefore, an unprecedented study, since there is no related work in the literature for the chosen city. As a result, it can be seen that, of the 31 indicators evaluated in this work, Fortaleza was below the average of the cities certified by the WCCD in 19 indicators, above the average in 7 indicators and it was not possible to calculate another 5 indicators. It is also evident that in all the sections studied there are critical points that must be evaluated by the public power for the treatment and consequent improvement of urban services and quality of life of the population of Fortaleza.

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The perspectives of sustainable territorial development in smart cities

Author(s): Karina RADCHENKO / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

Objectives This paper aims to define the perspectives and peculiarities of optimizing territorial development and increasing sustainability in a smart city context. The importance of localizing the UN SDGs, the increasing popularity of the smart city concept associated with the ICT revolution as well as the need of finding out-of-the-box solutions to resolve the challenges faced by communities make this research scope highly relevant. Prior work The previous research shows that the smart city approach implementation may have sustainability-oriented and sustainability-lacking scenarios. The smart city concept may not always have linear impacts on sustainability. It is needed to further contribute to the scientific discussion focusing on particular smart city cases to provide recommendations for municipalities on how the territorial development can be sustainably optimized. Methodology The paper considers the practical cases of the three smart cities such as Espoo (Finland), Dundee (UK) and Bristol (UK). The literature review, analysis of public sources, case study, and in-depth interviews with the representatives of these cities are used to analyze, in terms of sustainability, the dimensions such as the strategic positioning, advancements and challenges, partnership and stakeholders involvement. Results It is determined that sustainable territorial development has huge potential of being reached and accelerated within the smart city environment. However, unleashing such potential may be threatened by lack of a particular sustainability agenda, misinterpretation of smart city as only a technological issue while the sustainability and inclusivity by-design vectors are missed. Overall, the strategies and practices of territorial development in these cities were considered. The concluding recommendations are likely to be useful for municipal authorities of other territories while intentionally applying smart solutions to reach more sustainable human-centric community development that will be beneficial for the vast number of Quadruple Helix stakeholders.

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GETTING FAMILIAR WITH GREENSPEAK – A WAY OF RAISING AWARENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS THROUGH LANGUAGE

Author(s): Marina-Cristiana Rotaru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this paper is to illustrate, in some degree, how the language of sustainability has penetrated almost all domains of knowledge (science, economy, psychology, medicine etc.) as well as everyday speech. Initially part of the scientific vocabulary, numerous sustainability terms have become part of everyday language as a result of the dissemination of specific environmental information through the media (the radio, television, the written and online press) and through educational curricula. New unplanned terms referring to environmental matters (blends, for example) are now part of mainstream language, which continues to enrich itself as the result of increased interest in environmental aspects at global level.

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Ecological Tourism Development in the Mountainous Regions and Historical Railway Network Capacities. Case Study: Tehran-Mazandaran Old Railway by Crossing the Alborz Mountain Range

Author(s): Reza Kheyroddin,Sina Rahsaz,Mohammad Abbaspour Kalmarzi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Ecological tourism or ecotourism (in abbreviation)is a form of tourism intended to have a low impact on the environment and is based on the principles of sustainability in natural and historical areas with conservation characteristics. Railway tourism can be a form of ecological tourism that occurs in areas with presence of the railroad network, due to its novelty and to the proximity to natural and cultural heritage in the humid and rainy climate. This form of tourism can attract many tourists from all around the world. The methodology of this study is descriptive and analytical, and initially, characteristics and requirements have been explained with resources and library studies. The required infrastructures are the main base of tourism, one of the most significant of which, is the current situation of the transportation system (railway network). The main aim of this study is the introduction of railway tourism as a strategy for development of railroad settlements in north of Iran with ecological and sustainable tourism. As the second aim, the most significant criteria of the railway-tourism were extracted from theoretical foundation and in addition, they were prioritized based on the AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) method. Moreover, in order to understand the restrictions and main problems of the local people, interviews have been conducted. In the following section, Tehran –Mazandaran impassable mountainous railway has been introduced, which passes through the Alborz Mountains. This route has the majority of unrivalled natural and cultural attractions, traditional habitation, and rural settlements. Despite recent spatial changes in Iran, these regions remained original and traditional. Interestingly, the railway is the only accessible transport to some of these settlements, without destructive effect on the environment. As a result, the substantial criteria were specified, and the basic issues and limitations of the locals’ life have been explained from survey and interviews. Consequently, a direct relationship has been detected between railway tourism and railroad habitation development in Tehran –Mazandaran railway that contains social, economic, physical and demographic studies. Eventually, it could be easily realized which railway-tourism has the lowest ecological impacts despite other types of tourism in natural and rural areas. Therefore, every kind of effort from researchers to authorities in this field could be helpful in order to protect our environment.

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Akty prawa międzynarodowego dotyczące odpowiedzialności karnej w prawie ochrony środowiska w kontekście środków penalnych przewidzianych w prawie polskim

Author(s): Rafał Fic / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The subject of the article is, first of all, the presentation of legal acts adopted by the international community as part of the fight against environmental degradation, with particular attention to Directive 2008/99/EC of the EP and of the Council on the protection of the environment through criminal law. The most important regulations of these legal acts were analyzed, with an indication of the penal measures proposed by the international legislator aimed at protecting the legal good, which is the natural environment. The evolution of legislation in this area will also be presented. In the following part, the catalogue of criminal law tools resulting from the above-mentioned acts has been compared with penal measures used in Polish criminal law in response to crimes against the environment, with an indication of the prospects for the development of legislation in the discussed area.

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Dziecko w katastrofie klimatycznej — świadek, ofiara, aktywista

Author(s): Małgorzata Figura / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

Małgorzata Figura’s article is an attempt to capture the social roles of children when faced with the threat of the impending climate catastrophe. The introduction aims to draw attention to the need to give the floor to young people who can alert the public to changes taking place in the world. This necessity is stressed by researchers who represent children’s studies and who emphasize the importance of children’s perspective in literature and in scientific and social discourses. Figura’s analysis of selected literary texts allows us to see this turn towards the child, which at the same time is also the child’s turn towards nature.

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