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Ochrana životního prostředí a správní řád

Author(s): Ivana Průchová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/1996

The purpose of this contribution has been to analyse some problems regarding the application of the legal order (of Act No. 71/1967 Col I., on Administrative Procedures) during proceed of decision-taking by the agencies of the state admi­nistration in the sector of environmental protection. The valid legal regulations in this respect are dispersed into the legal regulations of a variety of branches, Act 17/1992 Col I. On Environmental Protection does not contain the general rules concerned with decision-taking in the sector of environmental protection. Within the framework of considerations of lege ferenda it is of great advantage to reason about gradually unifying the legal regulations, with a tendency of putting throu­ gh the so-called integrated decision-taking in questions related to environmental protection, where the administrative procedure would be limited to issuing the final decision only (permitting or Prohibiting certain activities). On the contrary, on expressing certain views, s tandpoints opinions or issuing approvals, preceding the final decision both in rem and also chronologically, there would be no need to proceed according to the legal regulations.

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Odra, czy kiedyś napisze się o niej wszystko…? Od polskiej myśli zachodniej końca XIX po połowę XX stulecia

Author(s): Grzegorz Strauchold / Language(s): Polish Issue: 92/2023

The article is devoted to the way the Oder river has been approached in the Polish, public and academic sphere over the last one hundred years and more. From the moment the so-called Polish western thought started to form to the recent years. From the partitions of Poland to Poland as an independent country. The author notes that the texts on the river up to the 1950s were strongly influenced by ideologies, which stems from the contemporary political situation. On the other hand, beginning from the end of the 1950s when the Society of the Western Territories’ Development [Towarzystwo Rozwoju Ziem Zachodnich] was established, up to more recent times, the Odra considerations have focused on very diverse themes, not only the political ones and the ones connected to the borders. These considerations, which are not the subject of this paper, definitely deserve separate research.

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Przemiany w żegludze odrzańskiej w latach 1815–1945

Author(s): Andrzej Mielcarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 92/2023

The article outlines the technical, economic and political conditions of the Oder navigation. The industrialisation caused a significant growth in cargo transportation, the greater part of which was taken over by the railways. The mechanisation of the Oder navigation on a larger scale occurred in the 1880s after the introduction of steam tugboats. In the 1880s and 1890s mass investments in the Oder navigation could be observed as well as the rebuilding of the canals leading to Berlin and the Elbe river. Additionally, Szczecin received its significant “huge waterway” to Berlin, which was completed before the World War I. All these investments were to boost the Oder navigation competitiveness against the growing potential of the Prussian railways, as well as the construction of the Mittelland Canal. On the other hand, there were some obvious limitations. They included the short navigation period and a relatively small number of days during which ships could operate fully loaded. Another negative factor impacting the full usage of the cargo ships was connected to the dominance of the exported goods over the ones that were imported to the Oder ports. Furthermore, during the 1930s crisis, the state intervention concerned freighters and the issue of limiting competitiveness on the transport market. The goal of disburdening the railways during both the World Wars was not realised to the extent it was expected and desired.

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Militarna rola rzek na śląskim obszarze działań wojennych. Zarys historyczny

Author(s): Rafał Igielski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 92/2023

The article outlines the role of rivers in the Silesian field of war activities from the early Middle Ages up to 1945 and beyond. The significance of rivers in the parallel axis for planning and realising both defensive and offensive activities transpired as early as in numerous armed conflicts led by Bolesław I the Brave and Bolesław III Wrymouth. In those times it was very important to find fords and to locate them in the castles’ proximity. Additionally, the Thirty Years’ War emphasised the significance of waterways for transportation in the longitude axis. In the subsequent periods, rivers played important roles in the actions of Frederick II’s and Napoleon’s armies, but also in the times of long-lasting peace when they became the subjects of war studies. For the last time the Silesian rivers were crossed in 1945, constituting one of the major factors of the operation.

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Dziejowa i obecna rola rzeki w życiu społeczno-gospodarczym miasta (przykład Kędzierzyna-Koźla)

Author(s): Edward Nycz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 92/2023

The article discusses the role of the river in the history of Kędzierzyn-Koźle. The city, founded in 1975, is connected with the Oder and the Kłodnica rivers, as well as the shipping channels that reach it from Upper Silesia. Although the Oder perspective is shown from the perspective of several centuries, the analysis concerns the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first centuries, showing the influence of the industry on the role of the Oder river in the life of the city and its inhabitants. The river is not only an element of the natural environment, but it also constitutes an economic, tourist and recreational potential for the inhabitants.

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Drogi wodne i żegluga śródlądowa w Polsce. Przewodnik po zasobie archiwalnym

Author(s): Marek Zawadka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 92/2023

The article is a peculiar guide to the archival materials considering waterways and inland waterway transport. It discusses both central and regional archives. The author concentrates on the archival materials from the twentieth century.

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Coordinate Transformation Using the Author’s Software in GIS Class System – Case Study

Author(s): Violetta Sokoła-Szewioła,Marian Poniewiera,Aleksandra Mierzejowska / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

In order to implement the provisions of the INSPIRE Directive, it is necessary for the Member States of the European Union to take appropriate measures to enable combining in a uniform manner spatial data deriving from different sources and sharing use of them by many users and many applications. Spatial data regarding underground hard coal mining in Poland should also be available in the national spatial reference system. Mining enterprises run a cartographic resource in the different rectangular flat coordinate systems. The standard transformation procedure does not provide the required accuracy because these are areas affected by mining activity, and the stability of points is limited, hence, studies were undertaken. The result is the development of software that can be used in Geographic Information Systems to transform spatial data from a system used in mine to the national system. The article described shortly a chosen coordinates systems used in Polish underground mines, elaborated procedure for selection of the degree and the type of a transformation polynomial in the transformation task. It presents its practical application of procedure for the area of one of hard coal mines using the author’s software elaborated in the results of above-mentioned research.

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Vegetation fires in Romania: an overview.

Author(s): Magdalena Drãgan,Gabriela Munteanu Cocean / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The main purpose of the present paper is to explore the current state of knowledge upon the occurrence and impacts of vegetation fires in Romania and to make a brief report on the sources of data concerning such events, in order to pave the road for further, more detailed studies upon the occurrence of vegetation fires in Romania. Using satellite images-based applications available at EFFIS we could observe that Romania is indeed impacted by many fire events every year. In addition, we worked with a large database provided by the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations, that includes over 150,000 entries, regarding interventions of fire brigades on vegetation fires in Romania. Among other aspects, these data showed that the main regions for such interventions were the southern and western parts of the country and that the monthly occurrence of such events corresponds to timeframes typical for clearing agricultural lands.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CARPATHIAN BASIN, ELEK BENKŐ – CSILLA ZATYKÓ (EDS.): ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN CARPATHIAN BASIN. RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE HUMANITIES – ARCHAEOLINGUA FOUNDATION

Author(s): Lajos Rácz / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2022

Review of: Environmental archaeology of the Carpathian basin, Elek Benkő – Csilla Zatykó (eds.): Environmental history of the medieval and early modern Carpathian basin. Research center for the humanities – Archaeolingua foundation, Budapest, 2021. 463 pages.

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LIFE ADRIFT: CLIMATE CHANGE, MIGRATION, CRITIQUE, UR. ANDREW BALDWIN I GIOVANNI BETTINI

Author(s): Bruno Šagi / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 18/2022

Review of: Life adrift: climate change, migration, critique, ur. Andrew Baldwin i Giovanni Bettini, Rowman & Littlefield, London i New York, 2017., 255.

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SAATESÕNA

Author(s): Igor Kopõtin / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 17/2023

Veekogud on maaväelaste jaoks olnud alati takistuseks, kuid strateegias tähendab meri vabadust ja pakub võimalusi, mida tuleb osata kasutada. Need riigid, kellel on ligipääs merele, on olnud majanduslikult edukamad kui merepiirita riigid. Näiteks võib tuua sõdadevahelise Poola Vabariigi, mis sai Pariisi rahukonverentsi otsusega juurdepääsu merele – nn koridori – ja ühtlasi tüliõuna Kolmanda Riigiga, kes kasutas seda ettekäändeks II maailmasõja alustamiseks. Leedu Vabariik vajas pärast I maailmasõda samuti ligipääsu merele, mistõttu vallutati 1923. aastal Meemel. Erinevalt Poolast ja Leedust oli Eestil väga hea ligipääs merele, mis ühest küljest andis võimaluse arendada väliskaubandust, kuid teisest küljest põhjustas suurriikide kõrgendatud sõjapoliitilist huvi meie maa vastu.

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Examining the Effects of Energy Efficiency R&D and Renewable Energy on Environmental Sustainability Amidst Political Risk in France

Author(s): Oktay ÖZKAN,Babatunde Sunday Eweade,Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The urgent need to address climate change and the depletion of natural resources has led governmentsworldwide to allocate significant resources towards research and development in cleanenergy technologies and energy efficiency. This study evaluates the effectiveness of renewableenergy and energy efficiency initiatives in reducing CO2 emissions, taking into account the influencesof natural resource availability and political risk. Using data from France spanningfrom 1985 to 2021, we employ the kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) methodology,complemented by quantile regression (QR), to analyse these relationships. Our findings indicatethat policies promoting energy efficiency and green energy have a positive impact on reducingCO2 emissions. However, the availability of natural resources and political risk exacerbate environmentalchallenges by increasing CO2 emissions. Thus, our study underscores the importanceof continued support from policymakers for renewable energy development and energy efficiencyresearch to effectively pursue Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, as the worldprepares for COP28, our findings emphasize the urgency of these initiatives in meeting globalclimate targets.

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Beauty between Space, Place, and Landscape

Author(s): Paolo Furia / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Notions of space and place are often used interchangeably in everyday speech, but they are distinguished both conceptually and historically. When put in relation to space and place, beauty reveals all its vitality and ties to socio-political issues, like: why do we consider a place beautiful and another place ugly? How do taste judgments about places influence planning, tourism, heritage policies, urban, and landscape architecture? I will develop my argument in four points. First, I will shortly pin down the main tenets of a concept of beauty that is inherently spatial, by rephrasing Roger Scruton’s insights on the beautiful and Ed Casey’s notion of ‘implacement’. Second, I will address the interconnection between the modern emergence of a quantitative and objectivist concept of space and a non-relational idea of beauty. Third, I will expose the relationship between the concept of place, idiographic and qualitative, and the emergence of a site-specific, phenomenologically based concept of beauty. In conclusion, I will show how non-relational conceptions of beauty risk to colonize aesthetic experience and I will take a stand for a relational conception of beauty against the risk of standardization of both landscape appreciation and planning.

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The Loss of Sky-Blue: Changes in the Sky-Environment

Author(s): Brit Kolditz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The main thesis to be explored is the undiscussed change in the sky-environment and the loss of sky-blue from our aesthetic reach. The concept of ‘living blue-beauty’ allows to introduce the dynamic sky-environment as a scientific subject and to use the findings to open an inter- and transdisciplinary dialogue on anthropogenic sensory pollution. The observation of increasing changes up to the possible absence of this beauty also enables to address aesthetic and atmospheric (in-)sensibility and (co-)affection for fundamental environmental changes. In the context of an unprecedented epoch of the Anthropocene, concepts such as ‘everyday’ and ‘familiarity’ are being challenged. Furthermore, the sky-environment becomes revealed as vulnerable in its natural variability. On top of that, its threatened beauty justifies the pursuit of preventing its loss for the future.

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Člověče, dýchej!?

Author(s): Nikola Novotná / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

The paper focuses on the issue of air pollution in the industrially important Most region in the 1960s. It analyses how society and government responded to increasing environmental degradation in the region within the evolving political and economic context by examining the media and changes in legislation. Inspired by Donald Worster’s environmental history framework, the paper aims to illustrate the dynamic interplay between the expansion of industry, environmental concerns and policymaking during this crucial period. By investigating the nuances of media discourse and legislative reforms, it explores how air pollution was perceived and what actions were taken to tackle it in the region, contributing to a deeper understanding of the interconnections between society, state, and ecology in environmental contexts.

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„Hloubání a voda jsou navždy spjaty“: Vzestup modré ekokritiky

Author(s): Ondřej Macl / Language(s): English Issue: 69/2024

The article introduces blue ecocriticism into Czech literary studies by reviewing Steve Mentz’s volume An Introduction to the Blue Humanities (2023). It briefly outlines the circumstances of the cultural turn to the seas and oceans around the year 2000 and its current shift from the Mediterranean and North Atlantic to the more global Pacific, as well as from the seas and oceans to the planetary water cycle. It will take a closer look at Mentz’s blue strategies, interpretations, inspirations, and problems, to conclude by considering the potential of blue ecocriticism for the (seemingly) landlocked Czech intellectual climate.

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Hitra urbanizacija na Bjelašnici: od olimpijskih iger do neoliberalnih investicij

Author(s): Leila Krivošić Dizdarević,Alma Hudović Kljuno / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2024

V prvem desetletju 21. stoletja se je območje pod vrhom Bjelašnice, ene izmed štirih gora v okolici Sarajeva, ki so bile leta 1984 prizorišče zimskih olimpijskih iger, začelo hitro urbanizirati. Da bi to območje spremenili v sodobno letovišče, so bili tam zgrajeni novi hoteli in stanovanjski objekti, čeprav brez skupne oblikovalske vizije in ob precejšnjem neodobravanju prebivalcev. Avtorici sta v članku proučevali razvoj gorskega letovišča Babin Do pod vrhom Bjelašnice in ga primerjali z razvojem podobnih zimskih letovišč v Franciji. Za študijo primera sta izbrali francoski gorski letovišči Flaine in Les Arcs, ki so ju v šestdesetih letih 20. stoletja v okviru vladnega programa Plan Neige zasnovali ugledni arhitekti, od takrat pa sta se že precej spremenili in povečali. Njuni izsledki so pokazali nekatere podobnosti v urbanističnem načrtovanju in arhitekturi Babinega Doja ter proučevanih francoskih letovišč, čeprav je med njimi šestdeset let razlike. Nekatere stavbe v Babinem Doju ustvarjajo prijetno gorsko letoviško ozračje, ker pa za to območje ni regulacijskega načrta in je zato natrpano z nastanitvenimi objekti, hkrati pa nima dovolj skupnih javnih prostorov in storitev, ki bi privabljale obiskovalce vse leto, tega gorskega letovišča ne moremo obravnavati kot primer uspešnega prostorskega razvoja. Treba bi bilo čim bolj zmanjšati nadaljnje škodljive vplive na naravno okolje, človekovi posegi v naravo pa bi morali biti bolj premišljeni in trajnostno usmerjeni.

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The rapid urbanization of Mount Bjelašnica: From Olympic Games to neoliberal investments

Author(s): Leila Krivošić Dizdarević,Alma Hudović Kljuno / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

In the early 2000s, Mount Bjelašnica, one of the four Olympic mountains around the city of Sarajevo, experienced rapid urbanization. In an attempt to create a modern mountain resort, but without a general design vision and with substantial criticism from residents, new hotels and other accommodation were built. This article offers insight into the development of the mountain resort at Babin Do on Mount Bjelašnica, comparing it with the development of similar mountain resorts in France. Case studies are the mountain villages of Flaine and Les Arcs, both created in the 1960s by prominent architects as a part of the government program Plan Neige; however, they have largely been changed and extended since then. The findings show certain similarities in the urban planning and architecture at Babin Do with the case studies examined in France, even over a period of sixty years. Although certain buildings in Babin Do create a positive mountain resort ambience, the absence of a regulatory plan that has caused overcrowding with accommodation, and the lack of common public space along with poor all-year activities show that this mountain resort cannot be considered a successful development. Further damage to nature should be minimized, and development should have been more considered and sustainable.

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Tekst, czas a przestrzeń – kontinuum relacji. Obraz Zagrzebia i Dubrownika w Księdze podróży Ewliji Czelebiego, Cyklopie Ranka Marinkovicia i sadze Pieśń lodu i ognia George’a R.R. Martina

Author(s): Armina Kapusta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2023

Space, like forms of expression, undergoes constant transformations. One may wonder about their relationships, since both space shapes the text, and text influences the perception of space as well as helps to read and understand its palimpsest, hidden elements. The article addresses the issue of time as read and written in the landscape and urban space. Using literary examples from different periods, it analyzes the presentation of Zagreb and Dubrovnik. It also seeks to point out the differences between the real and literary landscape to discover the topographical objects commemorated in texts in the contemporary urban space. The author wonders whether literature can be a burden for the semiotic landscape. Can it influence the perception of space in such a way that one does not want to see other dimensions of the landscape than those preserved in the texts?

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ZVJEŠTAJ S LJETNE ŠKOLE »EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL AND ISLAND ENVIRONMENTS: NATURAL RESOURCES, THEIR USES AND PERCEPTIONS (15TH-18TH CENTURIES)«

Author(s): Igor KRNJETA / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 19/2023

U Ljubljani se od 29. lipnja do 1. srpnja 2023. održala interdisciplinarna ljetna škola pod nazivom »Eastern Mediterranean coastal and island environments: natural resources, their uses and perceptions (15th-18th centuries)« u organizaciji Žige Zwittera i Pauline Guena. Domaćin ljetne škole bio je Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Ljubljani.

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