Pozemková reforma v politike dominantných politických strán na Slovensku v období 1.ČSR (s ťažiskom v 20. rokoch)

Author(s): Pavol Martuliak / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

In the First Czechoslovak Republic, Slovakia remained its backward agrarian part because of its less developed economic structure. The Slovak agriculture suffered from unequal distribution of land, which caused the “hunger for land” among the poorest farmers – a majority of the Slovak population. The land reform, expected to solve this problem, was carried out according to laws issued by the Parliament, usually in agreement with the Agrarian Party’s policy. The study briefly outlines the development and results of the reform. It also shows the relations and political attitudes of Hlinka's Slovak People's Party and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia to the land reform and its accomplishment in Slovakia. The focus is on the 1920s.

K pôsobeniu agrárneho politického hnutia na Slovensku v rokoch 1918 – 1938

Author(s): Natália Krajčovičová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Pri vzniku slovenského agrárneho politického hnutia sa rozhodovalo nielen o konštituovaní agrárnej strany na Slovensku a jej ďalšom politickom osude, ale vzhľadom na jej význam na slovenskej i československej politickej scéne aj o smerovaní celého politického vývoja v medzivojnovom období a jeho neblahom vyústení v roku 1938.

Archeologický antropolog odkrývá historii lidské kultury. Mě zajímá zemědělský pravěk a počátek domestikace zvířat

Author(s): Marie Prachařová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Interview with Marie Prachařová.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE IN SOUTH MORAVIA FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE LANDSCAPE, LANDSCAPE FUNCTION AND THE PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND RESOURCES

Author(s): Marek Havliček,Hana Skokanová,Bořivoj Šarapatka,Renata Pavelková,Patrik Netopil / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on identification of rare landscape structures in model areas of South Moravia with traces of traditional and regionally conditioned ways of farming, assessment of their significance in the protection of agricultural land resources, environmental protection, and provision of eco-system services. The potential of future use of these areas, the possible sustenance of traditional ways of farming, or the possible renewal of extinct landscape structures are other key topics of the paper. The aim of the paper is to find the answers to the following research questions: What are the surviving rare historical landscape structures in the model areas with respect to the categories of land use, how are they being currently managed? How are the surviving historical landscape structures in the model areas protected in the view of the environmental and landscape protection? What are the options of renewal of historical landscape structures?

Venkovský cestovní ruch v kontextu reality venkovského a městského prostoru

Author(s): Jiří Šíp,Astrida Blanařová,René Petráš,Karel Nejdl / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Venkovský (rurální) cestovní ruch, který lze považovat za jednu z doplňkových alternativ udržitelné existence venkovského prostoru, je produktem dlouhodobých kontinuálních restrukturalizačních procesů na venkově evokovaných snižováním nároků na plochy obdělávané zemědělské půdy i nároků na námezdní pracovní sílu v zemědělství. Potřeba pravidelné údržby kulturní krajiny vyvolává poptávku po nových alternativních programech včetně cestovního ruchu. Stále více rostoucí fenomén venkova a restrukturalizace jeho funkcí přináší pozornost odborné veřejnosti, která se začala podrobněji zabývat studiem restrukturalizací vzájemných vazeb a perspektivou trvale udržitelného rozvoje mezi venkovem a městem. Rostoucí počet výzkumných studií a regionálních analýz evokuje otázku, jak vymezit pomyslnou hranici venkova, jak oddělit venkovský prostor od městského urbanizovaného a suburbanizovaného území, jak jsou na sobě závislé, jak se navzájem propojují a jak roste fenomén cestovního ruchu na venkově. Tyto aktuální studie procesů inovací, marketingových technologií včetně digitalizace kontinuálně obohacují související mezinárodní i domácí terminologii cestovního ruchu, kterou je třeba optimalizovat. Velice často se dostáváme do prostředí formulačního chaosu, který evokuje nekonečnou diskuzi o používání českých a cizích terminologických označení v Česku.

Nehmotné kulturní dědictví jako východisko pro tvorbu produktů venkovského cestovního ruchu – případová studie turistický region Střední Morava a Jeseníky

Author(s): Eva Schwartzhofová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Venkov se v současné době potýká se změnami, jako jsou pokles zemědělské výroby, nedostatek služeb, stárnutí populace nebo snižující se počet obyvatel. Rozvoj venkova je často dáván do souvislosti s cestovním ruchem, který je považován za významný nástroj obnovy a rozvoje postižených venkovských oblastí. Česká republika má velký potenciál pro rozvoj venkovského cestovního ruchu, avšak v porovnání se zahraničím není zdaleka na tak vyspělé úrovni. I proto je, jak uvádí Šimková (2013a), na rozvoj venkova v současnosti vynakládáno poměrně velké množství prostředků, které napomáhají zhodnotit jeho potenciál pro rozvoj domácího cestovního ruchu. Kapitola je věnována problematice využití kulturního dědictví ve venkovském cestovním ruchu, a to na příkladu turistického regionu Střední Morava a Jeseníky.

СВЕТОВНАТА ИКОНОМИКА – В ПРЕЛЮДИЯТА КЪМ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛНИ ПРОМЕНИ

Author(s): Dimitar M Ivanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Effects of Financial Accounting Harmonization on Agribusiness

Author(s): Lukáš Moravec,Jana Hinke,Gabriela Kukalová,Zuzana Tichá / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Financial accounting is the most important tool for determining the financial position and performance of agricultural business. However, this is increasingly subject to the harmonization process. The first effort to harmonize financial accounting in Europe took place in the 1950s after the signing of the Treaty of Rome, and has been ongoing since then. Harmonization is currently being promoted through EU directives that are changing national legislation. The aim of this contribution is to quantify the impact of important changes (in financial accounting between 2004 and 2017) on the financial position and performance of agricultural business. The impact of the changes was quantified using the average values of a sample of 100 selected entities across the Czech Republic (i.e., joint stock companies, limited liability companies and cooperatives with primary agricultural activity). Average values are presented in the tables so that the effect of the change on the balance sheet and profit can be demonstrated. The data were obtained from the collection of commercial register documents. Important changes (specific for agriculture) have been found: valuation of assets, reporting of preferential limits, depreciation of permanent crops on foreign land and valuation of inventories of own production, reporting a change in their amount.

Muğla-Menteşe İlçesi’ne Mübadillerin İskânı Meselesi (1923-1930)

Author(s): Seher Akça / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Cumhuriyet döneminde Balkanlardan Anadolu’ya birçok göç yaşanmıştır. Bu göçlerin en yoğun yaşandığı yıllar mübadele dönemi olmuştur. Bu mübadele döneminde Anadolu’dan Yunanistan’a 1.200.000 kişi giderken Balkanlardan Anadolu’ya da 400.000 kişi gelmiştir. Bu gelenlerin 4.968 kişisi Muğla İline ve bunun da 459 kişisi Menteşe İlçesi’ne iskân edilmiştir. Bu mübadillerin iskânı sırasında sorun yaşanmaması için dönemin hükümet önce İmar ve İskân Vekâleti kurmuş ve vekâlet de her il ve ilçede İmar ve İskân Komisyonları oluşturmuştur. Muğla’da da Vali’nin başkanlığında bir komisyon kurulmuştur. Bu komisyonun; yerleşim yerlerini tespit etme, sağlık sorunlarını çözme, taşınma işini düzenleme ve ev, arsa, zeytinlik gibi malların dağıtımını adaletli bir şekilde yapma gibi görevleri vardı. Mübadele olayının bazı avantajları ve dezavantajları olmuştur. Muğla-Menteşe İlçesi’ne Rodos Adası Kavala, Drama, Tikveş gibi yerlerde tarımla uğraşan kişiler gelmiş ve bu da bölge tarımının gelişmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Ancak, gidenler Menteşe İlçesi’nde zanaat ve ticaret ile uğraşan kişiler olduğu için bu da bölgede ticaret ve zanaat faaliyetlerini olumsuz etkilenmesine neden olmuştur.

СЕНЗОРНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА НА ИНОВАТИВНИ ЗДРАВОСЛОВНИ КРЕКЕРИ, ОБОГАТЕНИ С ИНДУСТРИАЛЕН ВТОРИЧЕН ПРОДУКТ ОТ ПРЕРАБОТКАТА НА ДОМАТИ

Author(s): Milena Nikolova,Rosen Chochkov,Silviya Topleva,Valentina Chonova,Tsvetko Prokopov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report investigates the effect and health aspects of addition of an industrial waste from tomato processing on the sensory characteristics and some chemical properties of innovative crackers. It was established that the products with the addition of 5% industrial waste from tomato processing have the best quality characteristics, pleasant and specific and well accepted by consumers. The products are a good source of dietary fiber and proteins, making them suitable for the wellness lifestyle of the modern generation.

ДОВЕРИЕ НА ПОТРЕБИТЕЛИТЕ В БИО ХРАНИТЕ

Author(s): Rozalina Braykova,Darina Naydenova,Aneta Toneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The healthy behavior pattern of modern man undoubtedly includes increased interest, demand and consumption of organic food. Personal and family health are among the main determinants of consumer choice of organic food, as cited in many scientific studies. The aim is to study the factors influencing consumer trust in purchasing organic food. In Bulgaria, Dobrich District from November 2020 until April 2021 an anonymous survey was conducted among 150 consumers about their attitude towards buying organic food. The results were processed using Jamovi, version 2.2.5. The conclusions were established at confidence level α= 0.05. Consumers' knowledge of organic food labeling is associated with their choice based on the special labeling logo (p< 0.001). There is a statistically significant difference between men and women in the recognition of organic food through information on the packaging that the food is certified as organic (p=0.042) and when indicating the label ‘European leaf’ for the designation of organic food produced in the EU (p=0.040). The belief that organic food is of high quality and healthy is positively related to consumers' awareness of the logo they use in the European Union (p=0.047). Organic food consumers are informed and educated, looking for guarantees of origin. Researches supported by data indicating higher trust in organic food can be used to develop governments policies to promote them and increase consumer attitudes towards it.

ОПОЛЗОТВОРЯВАНЕ НА ОТПАДЪЦИ ОТ НАР – НЯКОИ СЪВРЕМЕННИ АСПЕКТИ

Author(s): Vanya Zhivkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the paper was to present some current aspects related to the utilization of pomegranate waste. The search for ways and the development of various strategies for the effective management of agricultural waste, including pomegranate waste, is among the promising environmental directions. The research of scientific literature carried out in this paper gives reason to conclude that the utilization of pomegranate waste is an actual and promising modern scientific direction in which intensive research is carried out, such as the development of adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from wastewater, or the use of various methods for the extraction of bioactive compounds from these wastes.

Brač u Prvome svjetskom ratu: prema agrarnom raspletu

Author(s): Josip Vrandečić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to present dynamics of political and every-day activities on the island of Brač during the First World War. It presents the war-related problems of the populace - shortage of manpower and dependence on vineyards as the main economy of the island. The author pays special attention to the agriculture of the island and argues that it was focal point for the local population who suffered food shortages. According to Dalmatian journals and the Bol municipal archives, population was loyal to the regime until 1917 and then started to profess their allegiance to future Yugoslav state. The period after the war did not fulfill their hopes, because the structural problems such as poverty, migration and lack of modernization, continued.

Challenges and Strategies Regarding Biodiversity Conservation as a Result of Current Climate Changes

Author(s): Cecilia Șerban,Carmelia Mariana Dragomir Bălănică / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter discusses the intricate relationships within biodiversity and the severe impacts of current climate changes. The diversity of living beings and ecosystems is crucial for life on Earth, contributing to water purification, plant pollination, air cleansing, climate regulation, and soil fertility. The chapter highlights the significant threats posed by climate change, such as droughts, floods, landslides, and extreme weather events, which affect various sectors including water, food security, health, and forestry. It addresses the need for innovative strategies to conserve genetic biodiversity and ecosystems in response to these challenges. The chapter also covers the historical responses of species and ecosystems to environmental changes, the role of natural regulatory mechanisms in climate mitigation, and the implementation of nature-based solutions to address climate challenges and protect biodiversity.

New Insights on Food Waste Management

Author(s): Dimitrie Stoica,Claudia Veronica Ungureanu,Angela Stela Ivan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter, authored by Dimitrie Stoica, Claudia Veronica Ungureanu, and Angela Stela Ivan, delves into the pressing issue of food waste management. The authors discuss the necessity of balancing global economic growth with the preservation of natural resources, emphasizing the expected increase in global food demand by 2050. The chapter differentiates between food loss (FL) and food waste (FW), highlighting the stages in the food supply chain where each occurs. It examines the causes and impacts of food waste at household and HoReCa sector levels, stressing the environmental, economic, and social costs associated with FW. The chapter also explores the role of digital technologies such as IoT, AI, and big data in reducing food waste, enhancing sustainability, and promoting efficient resource use. It concludes by discussing innovative solutions like smart packaging, stock inventory optimization, and food sharing apps that help manage and reduce food waste.

Пазарен потенциал на био продуктите в Европа

Author(s): Yana Danailova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The popularity of organic products worldwide is increasing due to the perception that they are cleaner and better for both people and the environment than conventionally grown ones. In the last 10 years the market of organic products in the European Union and in particular in Bulgaria is growing exponentially and ahead of the market for conventional products. More people are starting to include products of organic origin in their consumer basket. This is due both to the desire for healthier, cleaner and more environmentally friendly food, and to the increasing supply of organic products on the market. The number and size of farms that grow organic products, as well as traders and shops that offer them, are increasing. The rapid increase in sales of organic products shows the rise of consumer demand and the success of measures to maintain demand. The growth of the demand and purchase of organic food was particularly strong during the pandemic COVID-19, as a result of which consumers paid more attention to health problems and their relationship with food quality, as well as the higher food consumption at home. For the programming period 2023-2027, part of the CAP strategic plans include various programs to support organic farming in the EU.

Korporacje w procesie finansjalizacji środowiska przyrodniczego.

Author(s): Hanna Pondel,Yanina Dymitrowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The processes of commodification, privatisation, and securitisation of natural environmental components are strongly evident in the socio-economic sphere. The aim of the chapter is to present and assess the place of transnational corporations in the financialization of the natural environment, with a focus on two areas – deforestation and land grabbing. Currently, a significant portion of deforestation is attributable to consumers in wealthy countries, with approximately a quarter of global forest loss resulting from deforestation driven by resource extraction and the expansion of large industrial corporations. Land grabbing is a consequence of changes in land management as a factor of production and the increasing importance of land as an investment and speculative asset. The interest of global entities in environmental goods is primarily associated with the potential benefits that presence in this market can bring, compounded by issues with the real valuation of environmental resources, weak effects of available regulatory instruments, and the weaknesses of global organizations. The analysis of the research problem was conducted based on literature studies, using descriptive statistical methods.

Potential of No-Till Technology for Environmental Protection

Author(s): Anton Blagoev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Reducing the negative impact of agricultural practices on the environment is essential. There is a growing need for the use and adoption of environmentally friendly and environmentally sound technologies in agriculture. Encouraging the adoption of agri-environmental practices will increase crop productivity, minimise labour time, improve biological control, reduce erosion, improve soil structure, increase infiltration and water retention properties and achieve environmental sustainability. The wide range of conditions under which the minimum tillage system works successfully worldwide are its economic, social and environmental advantages. No-till technology is often characterised as a means of tilling the soil and growing different crop species with positive environmental externalities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the importance of using the agroecological practice of no-till and its impact on land resources as well as its secondary environmental impacts. A literature review of the author's views related to the definitions of No-till technology is conducted. It is most commonly defined as no-till, minimum tillage or a technology such as planting in soil without prior preparation. The palette of benefits that agroecological practice brings to the soil, the environment, agriculture and farmers is rich, namely: does not disturb soil composition; improves the functions that occur in ecosystems; increases the availability of crop residues. Increased availability of crop residues and cover crops on cropland increases biomass production, with the maximized yield serving to store more C in the soil; improves water conveyance functions, moisture retention, and reduction of surface runoff and erosion, increases heat throughout the soil world; production quantities obtained are comparable to those of intensive tillage; reduces both labor time and the use of fuels and pesticides; minimizes depreciation of the equipment used; reduce investment in purchasing attachments; smaller capacity of the machinery and equipment used; reduce and simplify labour requirements; easy matching with crop rotation and improved nutrient cycling.

Consumer Perceptions towards Local Products: The Case of Kosovo

Author(s): Ekrem Gjokaj,Diana Kopeva,Sokol Sallahu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Kosovo's agricultural development is influenced by favorable policies and attributes relevant to consumer demand. The more we know about the important attributes of the local consumer towards agricultural products, the better policies are designed to support farmers and value chains to adapt to changes in consumer preferences. Empirical insights gleaned from research on consumer preferences for both agricultural products and locally sourced goods offer invaluable evidence. This empirical foundation equips policymakers with the knowledge required to strategize improvements within the national and local food and agricultural systems. It also lays the groundwork for the conceptualization of a forward-thinking, consumer-centric agricultural model that is characterized by innovation, productivity, and responsiveness to consumer expectations. These expectations encompass various facets, such as food availability, ease of access, safety, high quality, taste, and other locally pertinent consumer attributes. The primary aim of this study lies in the comprehensive analysis of consumer preferences concerning local food products. It seeks to delineate the pivotal attributes that guide consumers in their decision-making processes. Additionally, the study aims to identify the informational and institutional gaps that must be addressed to bolster consumer confidence in locally produced food items. In doing so, it aims to provide policymakers with a robust foundation upon which they can construct a visionary concept for a consumer-driven agriculture framework. This framework should stand as an essence of innovation, productivity, and adaptability, aligning closely with consumer expectations regarding food accessibility and simultaneously addressing the unique consumer attributes that hold national relevance. Kosovo's agricultural development is involvedly tied to the interplay of conducive policies and attributes resonating with consumer demands. The study comprehensively explores these essential attributes, and its findings set the stage for crafting policies that offer substantial support to farmers and value chains. This support is vital for their ability to navigate evolving consumer preferences. By conducting research into consumer preferences, we offer empirical evidence that serves as a guiding compass for policymakers in their mission to enhance national and local food and agricultural systems. Furthermore, it ignites the spark of innovation, productivity, and responsiveness in the realm of consumer-driven agriculture. Ultimately, this pursuit aligns the agricultural sector with consumer expectations, ensuring that it thrives in an environment defined by accessibility, safety, quality, taste, and other locally relevant attributes.

Digital Content on the Customer Journey in Agricultural Business

Author(s): Nikolay Koychev Vankov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The report explores the pivotal role that digital content plays in shaping consumer behavior in the agricultural business sector. It underscores how digital content impacts the entire customer journey, from the initial exposure to a brand, through the decision-making process, to the eventual purchase and ongoing consumer engagement. The research delves into the marketing funnel, a key model for understanding how businesses can guide potential customers through various stages-awareness, interest, evaluation, decision, and loyalty-ultimately transforming them into loyal advocates of the brand. In agribusiness, where traditional practices have long dominated, the integration of digital strategies has become indispensable. The report identifies several strategic components of the marketing funnel that agricultural enterprises can leverage to optimize their digital presence. These components are essential not only for attracting new customers but also for maintaining long-term relationships with them. By utilizing various digital channels such as social media, content marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), and targeted advertising, agricultural businesses can engage their audience more effectively at different stages of the customer journey. One of the core findings of the research is the importance of creating a cohesive digital strategy tailored to the specific needs of agricultural businesses. This involves selecting the right mi of digital channels and tools to reach potential customers, raise awareness, and eventually drive conversions. The study emphasizes that, in today's fast-evolving digital environment, agricultural enterprises cannot rely solely on traditional marketing techniques. Instead, they must adopt digital tools that allow for better personalization and interaction with customers. This not only enhances customer satisfaction but also builds stronger brand loyalty. Furthermore, the report highlights the critical role that innovation and technology play in modern agribusiness. The adoption of cutting-edge technologies, such as data analytics and automation, can significantly enhance the effectiveness of digital marketing campaigns. Investing in analytical tools allows businesses to track consumer behavior and finetune their marketing strategies for maximum impact. In addition, training staff in digital technologies is key to ensuring that these strategies are implemented effectively. In conclusion, the report recommends that agribusinesses expand their digital presence by adopting innovative technologies and developing comprehensive digital marketing strategies. This includes investing in tools that provide insights into consumer behavior and offering training programs to build digital competency within the workforce. By doing so, agricultural enterprises can improve their competitiveness, foster customer loyalty, and thrive in the rapidly changing business environment.