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THE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN SERBIA: ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES

Author(s): Aleksandar Šarković,Slobodan P. Cvejić,Natalija Bogdanov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The identification of environmental awareness in this paper was conducted through its basic dimensions: attitudes, behavior and willingness of the respondents to participate in solving environmental problems. The paper focuses on understandings, attitudes and motivations that influence the decision of farmers regarding key issues related to the environment and agricultural production. In the empirical section, this paper assesses whether and how environmental practices follow environmental attitudes of the respondents. One of the hypothesis is that formal education, as an important determinant, has a significant impact on the attitudes regarding environmental protection and the application of positive environmental practices. What was also examined was the extent of and the manner in which information in the field of agriculture and environmental protection, influences the attitudes, practices and involvement of farmers in preserving the environment.

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PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF FAMILY FARMS IN SERBIA AND EU COUNTRIES

Author(s): Radojka Maletić,Blaženka Popović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The analysis of the production capacities of family farms holds an important place in an effort to perceive the economic and social factors which are important for their development. The agriculture of the Republic of Serbia and the agricultures of the countries in the region have a similar trait consisted in the participation of a large number of small estate farms. The ownership structure of family farms is one of the key factors of agricultural business efficiency. In the conditions of small-estate ownership structure, small farm area is a limiting factor in the application of contemporary agrotechnical measures. Apart from crop production, livestock fund has also had negative results per hectare of used area in the process of transition in the Republic of Serbia. It is reflected on the low level of agricultural productivity, as well as on negative financial results of the farms. The paper provides a comparison between family farms production capacities and the EU-28 countries, in order to be able to take necessary and timely measures and to reform and structurally adjust the agrarian sector to the demands of the EU.

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Zmiany produkcji rolniczej w Polsce w latach 2000–2014

Author(s): Mariusz Matyka,Stanisław Krasowicz,Jerzy Kopiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The aim of the study is to discuss the situation of agricultural production in Poland and its connection to the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Agriculture sector in Poland in the years 2000–2014 underwent dynamic changes in its organization and intensity of production. CAP played an important role in this context, as its instruments accelerated and strengthened transformation and restructurization of Polish agriculture. Those changes deepened significant regional differences in agricultural production, leading to its concentration, polarization and specialization.

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МУЛТИФУНКЦИОНАЛНО ЗЕМЕДЕЛИЕ И РЕГИОНАЛНО РАЗВИТИЕ

Author(s): Plamena Iovchevska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2006

The aim of this article is to find the genesis of the connection between multifunctional agriculture and regional development and also the actuality of their interconnection. The multifunctionality of the agriculture is given by the branch’s role in production of the essential agricultural products for both individuals and the society, its significance in preserving the environment, diversification of the production, safeguarding of the cultural identity, of the landscape etc. All these quantity characteristics of the multifunctional agriculture determine not only its place in the economy of the rural areas, but also its considerable impact on the national economy.

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Зміни біохімічної активності чорнозему опідзоленого під впливом вирощування гречки в умовах ведення традиційної і органічної систем землеробства

Author(s): Ganna Tsygichko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 04/2017

The research identified changes in biological activity of Ukrainian forest-steppe chernozem podzolized under the growing of buckwheat both as the main crops and as the crops of predecessor indicators for enzyme activity and processes of ammonification and nitrification abilities in different farming systems. It was established that the use of buckwheat for the organic system contributed to the increasing of enzymatic activity and ammonification and nitrification abilities of chernozem podzolized

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Фітотоксичність субстрату породних відвалів кам’яновугільних шахт за впливу попелу теплоелектростанцій і гумату калію

Author(s): Yaroslav Shpak,Iryna Zapisotska,Volodymyr Baranov,Olha Terek / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 03/2017

The influence of ash from the Dobrotvir thermal power plant dumps and potassium humate "STB-45" on the phytotoxicity of the rock dumps substrate of coal mines in Chervonograd mining region has been researched. Sudan grass Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) has been used as a biotester. The increase of the stem height, leaf area, length and mass of roots under the influence of the addition of ash dumps to the substrate has been discovered. Application of the humate only has increased just the leaf area and the mass of roots. Adding ash with humate significantly increased the value of all the studied morphometric parameters and the influence on the mass of roots was more effective than under the use of the ash only. It has been found out that adding humate increases chlorophyll a in leaves. Adding ash and humate with ash demonstrated increasing chlorophyll a together with the simultaneous reduction of feofityn a. Increased values of morphometric parameters of the Sudan grass, increase of chlorophyll content, combined with the reduction of feofityn, indicates the reduction of stress for plants, caused by phytotoxicity. It has been discovered that the use of coal ash from thermal power plants together with potassium Gumat "STB-45" for reducing phytotoxicity of dumps is more effective than the use of just one of the meliorants.

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Використання нетрадиційної сировини при виробництві борошняних кондитерських виробів як прогресивний напрямок створення продуктів підвищеної біологічної цінності

Author(s): Janа Bachinska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 02/2017

This paper examines the impact of the use of alternative vegetable raw materials in the manufacture of pastry products with high biological value; it presents the results of evaluation of commodity of the developed products and compares them with the main samples presented in Kharkiv trade network. The feasibility of using a mixture of fiber and pumpkin seeds in technology of pastry production to extend the range of confectionery products of high biological value and products with reduced calories has been proved. Adding the mixture of fiber and pumpkin seeds to biscuits and cakes positively affected the chemical composition of the ready-made product, saturating it with useful and necessary to human body mineral elements, vitamins, dietary fiber.

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Comparison of the Suitability of Contiguous Fallow-forest Lands for Cassava, Yam, Cocoyam and Sweet Potato Production in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria

Author(s): Charles Asadu,Alfred Dixon,Ginika Ajogu,Miriam Ugadu,Ifeoma Edeh / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2017

This analysis compared the suitability of contiguous fallow-forest lands for cassava, yam, cocoyam and sweet potato production in Nsukka, south-eastern Nigeria. The fallow plots were brought into cultivation in 1998 under the IITA-UNN long-term collaborative research. The sole cassava plots were grown to cassava only continuously for five years and then left to fallow. Soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm depth in triplicates using an auger and core sampler from the seven representative fallow plots previously grown to sole cassava from 1998–2003 and under fallow till date as well as the adjacent forest land. The objective was to use the soil qualities as recovered during the fallow period and those from the original adjacent forest to determine their current suitability for the production of the four crops. Using the FAO’s principle of limiting conditions revealed that after 13 yrs of fallow, the plots grown to sole cassava was classified as highly suitable (S1) for sweet potato production but moderately suitable (S2) for cassava, yam and cocoyam production. The remnant forest land was highly suitable for sweet potato production but moderately suitable for cassava, yam and cocoyam production. The dominant soil limitations are organic matter, low cation exchange capacity and exchangeable potassium for both cassava and yam production. The major limitations to cocoyam production are low available phosphorous, base saturation and soil pH. If these constraints are addressed adequately by soil nutrient management programmes all the plots will scale up to S1 class for the four crops.

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Оцінка інтродукції Albizia julibrissin Durazz у місті Херсоні

Author(s): Tatiana Boiko,Pavel Boiko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 01/2017

The article raised questions diversification of ornamental plants for landscaping of Kherson city. We consider the effectiveness of widespread use in gardening Kherson city highly ornamental exotic species albutsiya lankaran. The rapid growth of plants, indiscriminateness to soil fertility, the ability to abundant seed and coppice restoration, resistance to the conditions of urban areas makes albutsiya promising for widespread use in gardening. In the course of the studies found that albutsiya lankaran rated as mild winter-hardy and moderately drought-resistant species, in desert climate conditions regularly damaged but recovered. Maximum decorative displays at the correct location: maximum light and moderate soil moisture. The plant shows high resistance to diseases and pests.

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Productivity, Profitability and Resource Use Efficiency: A Comparative Analysis between Conventional and High Yielding Rice in Rajbari District, Bangladesh

Author(s): Md. Yahia Bapari / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2016

The study was analyzed the determinants, costs and benefits and resources allocation of both conventional and high yielding rice cultivation over the Rajbari district of Bangladesh. Data were accumulated from 300 regular rice growers of conventional and high yielding varieties and random sampling technique was applied for selecting the respondents from the study area from which information was collected through pre-tested questionnaire. Cobb – Douglas production function and gross margin were mainly used to determine the productivities and profits of both rice and the marginal value of the product was highly recommended to derive the optimal use of the resources. Results obtained by applying ordinary least square method showed that the most important factors of production in the study area were irrigation, labor, fertilizer and insecticide costs whose elasticities were 0.904, 0.048, 0.045 and 0.044 respectively and insignificant factors were seed and ploughing costs whose elasticities were – 0.009 and 0.030 respectively for high yielding rice. On the other hand, irrigation, insecticide, seed and ploughing costs of elasticities 0.880, 0.589, 0.116 and – 0.127 respectively were the important factors and minor role playing factors were labor and fertilizer costs whose elasticities were 0.098 and 0.077 respectively for conventional yielding rice. The core message from productivity analysis was that the irrigation was key variable which played a positive and vital role in producing rice of both varieties. All variables (resources) were economically misallocated in the production activities of both varieties along the study area but high yielding rice was more profitable than conventional one. Results also showed that the farmers of the study area produced rice of both varieties in the inefficient range of production. Continuous supply of electricity, flexible credit and improving the existing resources were the prime policy recommendations of producing more rice efficiently in future in the study area.

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Innovative integration relations opportunity for development of Polish agribusiness and increase competitiveness of the economy

Author(s): Roman Chorób / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2017

The main objective of this paper is to present the concepts, principles of operation and the benefits of effective functioning of innovative integration links, which are the structure of the cluster. The study attempts to evaluate the impact of these forms of links to regional and local development, indicate the conditions for the development of these compounds in the context of the processes of globalization, as well as their impact on the growth of innovation and competitiveness of the economy. Due to the multifaceted problems taken, as well as the limited volume of the article, the focus is mainly on some issues related to clustering. Considerations supported by the results of own research, conducted in the province of Podkarpackie. The surveyed farmers indicated the main factors encouraging them to enter into the structure of the cluster, ie.: a reduction of unit costs of production, the possibility of contracting the purchase of products, the ability to increase the scale of production and joint sales and shared business risks. While the representatives of processing companies among the assets to encourage the accession exchanged the following: greater competitiveness cluster entities, a significant reduction in transport costs, the possibility of co-financing of innovative activity, faster flow of information and knowledge and geographical proximity to suppliers/customers. Operation and expansion of these relations should be a key element of competitiveness and intensifying the development of not only individual entities or regions, but also the entire economy.

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Znaczenie lokalnej żywności oraz krótkich łańcuchów dostaw w kształtowaniu zrównoważonego rozwoju rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich w Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Joanna Michalczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2017

The aim of the article is to indicate the importance of local food and short supply chains in the implementation of the concept of the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas, and to present the European Union’s actions in this field. These actions are concentrated in the Common Agricultural Policy. When preparing the text, the descriptive method and an analysis of the literature were utilised. In the context of diverse challenges facing the economy of the modern world, the development of local food systems, meaning production, processing and trade in a relatively small area, is particularly important. It brings an important contribution to solving the problems arising from progressive globalisation and constitutes a significant element of sustainable development around the world. Focusing attention on the development of local food systems in the agricultural policy of the European Union allows its main objectives to be realized, in particular the preservation of food security and safety, through maintaining local production capacity, ensuring a transparent process of food production and caring for sustainable development of the entire agri-food sector, among others.

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Фізичні властивості овочів як основа прийняття рішення щодо їхньої технологічної переробки (на прикладі кабачків)

Author(s): Tetyana Anatoliyivna Nepochatykh / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 08/2017

The article is devoted to the study of physical properties (porosity, physical and true density) of zucchinis of different kinds. Close relationship between these indicators were proven theoretically and practically. It is recommended, considering the dependence of the true density of vegetables on the moisture content, take into account the ratio of bound and free moisture in them, because their density is different in size. This is especially important for the rate of process of diffusion of sugar syrup into raw material during the production of candied fruits.

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Koncepcja zrównoważonej intensyfikacji rolnictwa w państwach Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Jakub Staniszewski / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 02/2017

The article presents the European context of the concept of a sustainable intensification of agriculture. The main premise of the idea is to increase agricultural yields with a concurrent limitation of adverse environmental impact by using modern technologies. This concept seems to be especially relevant in light of the challenges currently faced by the European Union and its aims defined in the Europe 2020 strategy. Although the agricultural sector in the EU countries operates within the framework of a single European model of agriculture, there are significant differences in methods and yields among individual countries. The dividing line between the “old” member states and those who joined the EU in 2004 is clearly visible and the differences determine particular countries’ varied approaches to the concept of sustainable intensification. Whereas in the EU-12 countries it should consist chiefly in improving the economic effects without a deterioration of the state of the natural environment, the EU-15 countries will rather focus on the ecologization of production methods while maintaining the current economic results.

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Jakość i bezpieczeństwo żywności w Polsce

Author(s): Joanna Omieciuch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2016

The aim of the article is an attempt to answer the question whether in the last dozen years, the level of food quality and food safety in Poland has improved or perhaps deteriorated. There is a common belief in the high quality of Polish food. Other researchers find that high quality applies to a small part of the food sector (traditional, regional, and organic products). Some authors say that on the food market we have to deal with the problem of systematic deterioration of the food quality. This is evidenced by even a different kind of “food scandals” and the counterfeiting of food. The analysis showed that it was difficult to clearly assess the level of food quality and food safety. The author uses the typical economic test method in this study. The author analyzed literature of the subject, including many selected reports and audit reports of various organizations which examined food quality and food safety in Poland. The paper presents selected issues, because the extensiveness of the topic does not allow to deal with all aspects of food quality and food safety.

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INFLUENCE OF STABILIZED SEWAGE SLUDGE ON THE YIELD OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM)

Author(s): Borisz Czekus / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The author has examined the application of different doses of stabilized-hydrated sewage sludge in two potato varieties in field conditions. Next to an unfertilized plot, he followed the growth, development and yield of varieties Agria and Aladin on soil treated with an amount of 50 t/ha and 30 t/ha of sludge from wastewater treatment plant in Subotica. He found that the highest yield was achieved at the variety Aladin (44.5 t/ha), when applying 30 t/ha of sludge. Agria produced 29.65 t/ha of tubers with the same amount of fertilizer. In both varieties the yields were higher on plots fertilized with 50 t/ha than on unfertilized soil. It was found that, in contrast to fertilizing with manure from 50 t/ha, half the amount of stabilized sludge produced similar, if not higher yields. In the future it will be possible to substitute or supplement manure with stabilized sludge under controlled conditions

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Вафельні торти поліпшеного амінокислотного складу

Author(s): Roksolana Boidunyk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 11/2017

The article presents the results of the study of the amino acid composition of newly developed wafer cakes with adipose fillings combined with natural additives. The appropriateness of the using non-traditional raw materials (powder of willow herb, poppy oilcake, carob), as well as skimmed milk powder in order to increase the biological value of wafer cakes and improve their amino acid composition is proven

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The Use of Moringa Leaves Extract as a Plant Growth Hormone on Cowpea (Vigna Anguiculata)

Author(s): Malami Muhammad Maishanu,Muhammad Murtala Mainasara,Sanusi Yahaya,Audu Yunusa / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2017

The use of Moringa oleifera leaves extract as plant growth hormone on cowpea plant (Vigna unguiculata) has been studied at the biological garden of Usmanu Danfodiyo university, Sokoto. An extract was made by grinding young moringa leaves and diluted with water at the ratio of 1:30 25 mls, three blocks were made labelled M, F and D, with three replications each, the extract prepared was applied on block ‘M’ only, while a small pinch of synthetic fertilizer (Urea) was applied in block ‘F’ and a control treatment was set up using distilled water, which applied to each plant in hill D. results indicates that in the 3rd week of observation the cowpea plants treated with moringa extract have the highest mean of stems, number of leaves and branches, length of leaves and branches, and thickness of stem. Then followed by those treated fertilizer mean and finally those treated with distilled water this result shows that moringa leaves extract has an improving effects on the growth of cowpea. Moringa leaf extract (MLE) is rich with numerous growth hormones, particularly zeatin that has been reported to increase the crops yield in the range of 10-45 %. Moringa leaf juice also contains micronutrients in sufficient quantities and suitable proportions that increase the growth, yield components and yield of a variety of crops.

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ОСНОВНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ФОРМ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ У СІЛЬСЬКІЙ МІСЦЕВОСТІ

Author(s): Nataliya Hudina,Anatoliy Vermenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2013

The world outlook and general theoretical aspects of the problems and perspectives of development of social personnel activity forms in rural regions and training of social service staff in high school according to specifics of social care for different groups of clients are described.

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CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR USE OF DEGRADED AND UNPRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURAL LAND IN UKRAINE

Author(s): Natalia Stoiko,Olha Stadnytska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The article presents a conceptual model of the formation of an effective organizational and economic mechanism for the use of degraded and unproductive agricultural land. To achieve the strategic goals of the model, a complex combination of administrative, organizational and economic tools is recommended. The emphasis is made on creation of a state ecological fund, introduction of conservation easement and ecological propagation.

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