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Cultural and Creative Entrepreneurs in Financial Crises: Sailing Against the Tide?

Author(s): Elsa Fontainha,Elisabetta Lazzaro / Language(s): English Issue: Special-1/2019

We focus on a number of idiosyncrasies of cultural and creative entrepreneurs (CCEs) to study CCEs’ capacity of resilience under times of downturn (economic, financial and debt crisis). We analyse CC firms’ demography (born and dead), trends and performance and the association between subsidies received and firm survival. We look at mostly micro firms in a country where CCEs are particularly challenged from the financial perspective, namely Portugal. We exploit the unique availability of accounting micro data at private firm level in a time span of 8 years (2004-2011), which allows to include the effects of the latest financial crisis, and to understand the evolution of the economic success criterion. The obtained results about the impact of subsidies on survival are interesting in both CCEs and policy perspectives, suggesting a positive impact of subsidies in periods of downturn, and negative impact of subsidies in periods of growth of the economy. Further, CC firms revealed to be more dynamic than other firms in other sectors.

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Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Göçmenlerin Girişimcilik Faaliyetlerinde Farklı Sermaye Biçimlerinin Rolü

Author(s): Suvat Parin,Ali Rıza Kılıç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

The phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship as a result of the migration process can be defined as the selfemployment of migrants within various relationships and contexts in the host country. Approximately four million Syrians who came to Turkey after the civil war that began in Syria in 2011 have been living in various cities in Turkey. While Syrian immigrants were waiting to return to their homeland, the civil war has been going on for more than ten years. This situation makes the desire of Syrian immigrants to stay in Turkey permanently, increased. In parallel with this trend, a significant increase is observed in migrant entrepreneurship activities in Turkey. In this context, this study aimed to explain how different forms of capital play a role in the processes of Syrian immigrant entrepreneurs’ transformation into business owners. The study aims to reach Syrian migrants who arrived in Turkey after the civil war in Syria that began in 2011 and who owned a business in the Esenyurt district. In this study, by using qualitative research methods and techniques, the experiences of Syrian migrant entrepreneurs are tried to be understood and interpreted. As a result of the study, it has been seen that different forms of capital play a role in different levels of the entrepreneurial activities of immigrants.

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Ankara’daki Suriyeli Göçmen Girişimcilerin Covid-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Karşılaştığı Sorunlar

Author(s): Hilal Barın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

While costing the lives of more than two and a half million people around the world, Covid-19 also deeply affects migrants. Precautions taken against Covid-19 in Turkey continue to affect Syrian immigrant entrepreneurs as well as Turkish citizens. This study focused on the problems that Syrian -micro-scale- entrepreneurs in the Altındağ region of Ankara face during the Covid-19 pandemic. We interviewed Syrian immigrant entrepreneurs who participated in the "Entrepreneurship Support Program" of the Turkish Red Crescent. In this study, one of the methods and techniques of qualitative research, descriptive analysis, was used with semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with Syrian immigrant entrepreneurs. Based on the approaches to immigrant entrepreneurship and the theory of disadvantage, how they were affected from the precautions taken against the Covid-19 were discussed. In the end, first, the type of support that Syrian immigrant entrepreneurs need to minimize the problems they experience was determined. Then, the mechanisms to support immigrant entrepreneurs and the policies to be developed in this direction, cooperation and responsibility sharing with the European Union and neighboring countries, and solutions to support the entrepreneurship ecosystem were evaluated.

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Hatay’daki Geçici Koruma Altındaki Suriyelilerin Girişimcilik Deneyimleri

Author(s): Fırat Tekbaş,Olgu Karan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

Due to its geographical location migration has been a usual and customary phenomenon for Turkey in every period of history. The effects of the Arab Spring, which erupted in 2010, spread to Syria in 201 resulted in civil war. Later, with the intervening of international actors, it became a global issue and turned into one of the most asylum seeker creating social events in modern history. As a result of these events of Syrians who fled the civil war took refuge in neighboring Turkey, which is a great part in or used as a transit country for migration to Europe. In this study, the effect of entrepreneurship on the adaptation processes of Syrians was analyzed by evaluating the data obtained from the Syrians who had chosen being entrepreneur from Syrians under Temporary Protection. In the selection of the subject of study, less research is done on Syrian refugees and harmonization processes compared to other subjects. In this context, in-depth interviews were conducted with 32 Syrians, including 30 tradesmen, in 3 districts of Hatay (Kırıkhan, Reyhanlı and Antakya). In the light of the data obtained, the sub-problems suggested were evaluated. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that Syrian people, both personal and institutional relations with the host country, develop more easily, because of the cultural and historical background of the province of Hatay regionally, and the importance of symbolic capital and social networks in making an entrepreneurship decision.

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Evaluating the Linkage Between Employee Training Programmes and Prosocial Organizational Behavior

Author(s): Hassan R. H. Elkhdr,Aysun Kanbur / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of employee training programmes on prosocial organizational behaviors. Empirical research was performed with the employees of Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO). Questionnaire technique was used for gathering the data. At this juncture, accepted scales in the literature related to variables were utilized. Prosocial organizational behaviors were identified in the literature as prosocial organizational behavior, role-prescribed prosocial behavior, and prosocial individual behavior while employee training programmes were examined in terms of motivation for training, benefits of training, and support for training. Variables of this study were accepted using these classifications and hypotheses were tested through correlation and regression analyses. All the hypotheses were supported and the findings that have been obtained provide that motivation for training, benefits of training, and support for training have a significantly positive effect on prosocial organizational behaviors of employees working at Libyan oil sector and specifically employees of AGOCO. The findings of the study will be beneficial for the Libyan oil sector and other sectors to improve their strategy regarding employee training programmes and prosocial organizational behaviors.

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Örgütlerde Kişisel İtibarın Önemi ve Örgütlere Sağladığı Faydalar: Bir Literatür Taraması

Author(s): Benan Gok / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

A personal reputation is a perceptual identity in which an individual shows obvious personal characteristics and achievements and reflects the behavior that the individual reports directly from observed or secondary sources. In today's competitive world, the concept of reputation is frequently used in organizations. The importance of personal reputation, which is the micro level of reputation, especially has significant effects on an individual's career, human resources decisions, and business results. It has been determined that the studies on personal reputation in organizations continue to add richness to the relevant literature in the international business literature, and there has not been enough research in the national literature. In this study, the conceptualization of personal reputation, which is seen as inadequate in national business literature, and how reputations are developed and how they spread to an organization are examined through various theories. It is also explained what benefits personal reputation brings to individuals and organizations. Finally, a general assessment was made, and recommendations for future research were presented.

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Formy zatrudnienia a stres w pracy – badania porównawcze przeprowadzone wśród pracowników banków w Polsce i w Rosji

Author(s): Kinga Zajdler,Jerzy Kaźmierczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2021

Objective: The main aim of this paper is to assess the relationship between employment forms and occupational stress of bank employees in Poland and Russia. Research Design & Methods: The empirical study was conducted in the years 2016–2019 among bank employees in Poland and Russia. A survey of 2,746 bank employees was used. Findings: The article’s first hypothesis – that in Poland and Russia, bank employees under a contract of employment are less stressed than bank employees based on other forms of employment – was rejected on the basis of the results of the Mann-Whitney test. The test showed that working under an employment contract resulted in a higher level of stress. The second hypothesis – that in Poland and Russia, open-ended bankers are less stressed than fixed-term bankers – was only confirmed by the current form of employment in Russia (subindex 2). More important factors causing a higher level of stress included the number of hours actually worked. Implications / Recommendations: Stress remains one of the most negative work-related factors affecting employee health. Banks should consider different methods of supporting employees and reducing stress. Contribution: The contribution of this study to the literature is its in-depth analysis of the level of stress involved in various types of employment. Until now, no attempt has been made to compare Poland and Russia in this context.

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Logistyczny system gospodarowania odpadami na przykładzie Ekospalarni w Krakowie

Author(s): Dorota Dziedzic,Kacper Wrona / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2021

Objective: Using the example of the Eco-incineration plant in Cracow, the article presents modern solutions that enable the creation of an optimal and logistically properly functioning solid waste management systems. Research Design & Methods: The subject was approached using a literature analysis, logical inference analysis, analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of waste management, and a description of the factors determining them. Findings: The use of innovative solutions in the transport, segregation, and processing of solid waste significantly improves the logistic waste management systems. Implications / Recommendations: The article concludes that implementing smart city solutions contributes to better urban management, facilitates life for inhabitants, and reduces the city’s negative impact on the environment. Hence such solutions are recommended. Contribution: The publication justifies the conducting of research on the impact of technological innovations used in urban management and smart cities. Practical conclusions can be used to improve the quality of logistics processes in cities.

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Ефективност на функционирането на отрасъл „Операции с недвижими имоти” в България

Author(s): Sabrina Kalinkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The useful result of the functioning of a national economy is a consequence of the synergistic effect of the potentials with which its elements function. The “Real estate operations” sector is one of these elements, the effectiveness of which is the subject of this report. The bases for conducting the survey are the economic data for the industry, provided by the National Statistical Institute of the Republic of Bulgaria. And in the role of a "filter" for evaluating this data, the well-known economic laws are adopted.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF BANKRUPTCY OF THE COMPANIES WITH THE HELP OF THE ECONOMIC-FINANCIAL INDICATORS

Author(s): Denisa Gae / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2020

The article aims to assess the risk of bankruptcy of companies by the method of scores, depending on which assesses the possible financial difficulties they face. As the term of risk can be permanently connected to the term of profitability, the capacity of companies to make a profit is to be further estimated. With the help of the most relevant economic-financial indicators, the analysis of profit, economic and financial profitability is projected; of self-financing capacity and self-financing. The risk of bankruptcy is one of the most relevant risks, because, through its manifestation, companies can be eliminated from the market, obstacles can be reached in the organization of the entire system, which can affect expenses, sales and gross profit. Throughout the analyzed period, the economic-financial performances are followed, at the level of a relevant company from Romania, depending on which certain risk prevention measures can be taken.

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EVALUATION OF TRADING MODELS ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET

Author(s): Julian Dimitrov / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2020

A trading strategy that applies in Foreign Exchange Market (Forex) represents a set of instructions which perform opening or closing the trading positions. The set of instructions is a numerical model of trading process. Both in the general case of applied numerical models and in the modeling of trading processes in Forex there is large errors of the parameters. However, these models are presented by continuous dependencies. To dealing with this problem in practice applies sensitivity analysis as local measure of the effect of a given input on a given output. The estimation is made by computing the sensitivity coefficients as partial derivatives at the input parameters. In this paper we evaluate the uncertainty in trading models when the calculations of model parameters are made. The main concept is based on the opposition of the principle characteristics in the modeling of processes in technics and in Forex. An example is made when the volatility is predicted by calculation with the formula of exponential moving average (EMA).

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METAHEURISTIC HYBRIDIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND METHODS

Author(s): Andreea-Mirabela Stefan / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2020

Lately, more and more investors are fans of easy gains, and the easiest way is to invest in stocks, even if the risks they have to take are very high, but these are not the last problem. The real problem for investors is to find the right price formula and, for that, they have to build forecast models, to make some assumptions for default variables, which are difficult to understand. To refine the prediction process, researchers have developed hybrid models for forecasting. A well-known class of these techniques is in the area of metaheuristics. The purpose of this paper is to present the hybridization process and hybrid algorithms. Also, another goal is to reveal some possibilities of metaheuristics, such as hybridization of algorithms.

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Independent financial expert members on audit committees, earnings management and the role of female directors

Author(s): Anis Ben Amar,Nourhen Sayadi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Research Question: What is the impact of the presence of expert and independent members within the audit committee on earnings management? What is the impact of the presence of expert and independent women on the audit committee on earnings management? Motivation: A number of studies have empirically examined the impact of audit committee financial expertise on earnings management. However, the results have been mixed (Ben Amar, 2014; Zalata et al., 2018). Some studies find a negative impact, while others find no significant association (eg. Yang & Krishnan, 2005). Moreover, examining all of this work allows us to observe an ongoing debate concerning the type of expertise that is most associated with earnings management. Idea: This paper examines the impact of independent financial expert members on the audit committee on earnings management. Moreover, the presence of female financial experts on the audit committee is necessary for the effectiveness of internal control mechanisms to mitigate earnings management. Hence, the impact of female financial experts on the audit committee on earnings management is also examined. Tools: This study uses a sample of 280 French non-financial companies listed on the CAC All Tradable index for the period 2008-2018. Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) regression method is used to estimate the econometric models. Findings: Based on a panel of 3080 French firm-observations from 2008 to 2018 period, a negative effect of the audit committee's financial expertise on earnings management was observed. We also find that the proportion of female independent financial experts on the audit committee is significantly associated with less earnings management. Contribution: Our findings expand the literature on the relationship between audit committee structure and earnings management and provide guidance for regulatory bodies in some countries, due to the further integration of types of expertise related to audit committee members. Thus, regulators need to intensify their efforts on the optimal characteristics of this control mechanism.

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The association between Activity-Based Costing and performance: Empirical evidence from Moroccan companies

Author(s): Karim Charaf,Ahmed Fath-Allah Rahmouni,Mohamed Sabar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Research Question: Can the adoption of ABC have a positive impact on the performance of the company?Motivation: We have observed in the literature that studies on the impact of ABC on performance most often focus on financial performance. We want to explore this theme by studying, in addition to financial performance, non-financial performance.Idea: This study attempts to study the impact of ABC on performance.Data: Data was gathered using a multi-item questionnaire survey on large companies. To obtain rich data, three semi-structured interviews were conducted with management controllers. In total, 62 companies responded to the questionnaire.Tools: We used two types of tests to analyze the data: the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests and the median test.Findings: The results indicate that, overall, companies that have adopted ABC have improved their performance significantly. Indeed, its adoption has a positive effect that is more important than the traditional method on the non-financial performance of companies. However, a direct relationship between ABC and financial performance has not been confirmed.Contribution: Previous studies have focused on the effect of ABC on financial performance with inconclusive results. Our contribution has been to demonstrate the positive impact of ABC on non-financial performance. We have also concluded an indirect relationship between ABC and financial performance, which happens precisely through improving non-financial performance. We also concluded the importance of the time variable in evaluating the link between ABC and performance. The expected benefits from ABC depend on time and cannot be delivered immediately and simultaneously.

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Services in Global Value Chains – An Insight into the Current Situation in the EU Member States

Author(s): Ines Kersan-Škabić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Global value chains (GVCs) consist of many production processes and phases/tasks that take place in different countries. The studies of the global value chains are mainly focused on manufactured products, often neglecting the role of services. In this paper, the emphasis is on the service sector, trade in services and the measurement of their participation in GVCs in the EU member states. There are four different ways, "modes of supply", to deliver services from a producer to the final customer. Official statistics include some of these modes, whereas some are hidden within the manufacturing process. According to the descriptive statistics analysis and presented data employed, it is clear that services trade is undervalued; services represent the majority of value added in the EU's GDP, but less than half of foreign trade; domestic value added in the service sector is higher than in manufacturing, which indicates the importance of domestic resources in the creation and export of services. EU industries are highly serviced and, interestingly, services contribute to more than 30 per cent of manufacturing production, with a higher share of foreign services.

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Job and Organisational Level Aspects of Work in Slovenia

Author(s): Ana Arzenšek,Suzana Laporšek,Valentina Franca / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Marginalised groups of workers in Slovenia are traditionally most affected by labour market uncertainty, but increasingly middle-class and upper-class workers are experiencing the same. Furthermore, new work forms have given rise to ethical, psychological and legal dilemmas. In this paper, we examine the concept of decent work and focus on job-related and organisational aspects of work in Slovenia. In the empirical part of the paper we therefore focus on working time, work organisation and co-operation within teams, work-life balance, health and stress, and overall satisfaction with working conditions. Our results evidence that new work forms increase insecurity and consequently diminish worker well-being; and this is most experienced by younger, agency and self-employed workers in Slovenia. This suggests that the development of multilevel and multifaceted measures which take into account socio-psychological and legislative factors to address labour market segmentation is necessary, especially when addressing the needs of those forced to work atypically.

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Odnos lokalne zajednice prema razvoju mračnoga turizma

Author(s): Sanja Dolenec,Ksenija Vodeb / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2021

The attitudes of local communities towards the development of dark tourism are still underexplored. This thorough analysis of the scientific knowledge available in renowned databases in the period from 2013 to 2019 aims at explaining the role of local communities in dark tourism, the advantages and disadvantages of its development, and the understanding of the conditions needed for its acceptance and support. The analysis has determined that every practice of dark tourism is conditioned by the context within which it was created, and that it has economic, socio-cultural and environmental advantages and disadvantages. The support of the local community for the development of dark tourism is crucial for its continuous existence, and it can depend on the management strategies and the benefits that dark tourism provides. The research results contribute to the corpus of literature, and may inform strategic guidelines for dark tourism management, as well as benefit the wider community through awareness of the necessity of prevention of tragic events. Further research on the topic should create management strategies of dark tourism that are acceptable to local communities.

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ALIGNMENT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY BUSINESS MODELS FOR FRAMING NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Dzintra Atstaja,Natalija Cudecka-Purina,Raisa Hrinchenko,Viktor Koval,Janis Grasis,Rudite Vesere / Language(s): English Issue: 42/2022

Circular economy offers opportunities to boost jobs and tackle climate change. The article reflects aspects of the impact on the environment through sectoral policies to support the circular economy because current business as usual model, based on the linear economy principle leads to a staggering inefficiency in nature resources are managed, with increased pollution, loss of ecosystems and substantial losses of value with each product disposed. This requires a change not only in consumer behaviour but even more on the resource extraction and material production side. The purpose of the research paper is to develop a decision-making matrix providing a step-by-step approach for the policymakers.

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COOLING AND HEATING OF THE FLUID IN THE CYLINDRICAL VOLUME

Author(s): Stanislav Tkachenko,Olha Vlasenko,Nataliia Rezydent,Dmytro Stepanov,Nataliia Stepanova / Language(s): English Issue: 42/2022

Experimental studies of the non-stationary heat exchange in the system «environment I – body II» have been carried out. It is established that in the body II, which consists of the fluid and thin-walled metal envelope, the characteristic features of the regular thermal mode occur, i.e., cooling (heating) rate of the body II- m = const; heat transfer coefficient between the water (environment I) and body II is practically stable α1 = const; uneven temperatures distribution coefficient in the body II ψ = const. This new notion of the heat transfer regularities in the body II is planned to apply for further development of the experimental-calculation method for the forecasting of the heat exchange intensity in the compound fluid media with limited information regarding thermophysical and rheological properties.

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES EVALUATION OF BANANA FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES: A REVIEW

Author(s): Surya P. Gairola,Yogesh Tyagi,Nitin Gupta / Language(s): English Issue: 42/2022

In today's fast-developing world, the use of composite materials is closely related to environmental pollution, renewable and biodegradable resources. A researcher is looking for environmentally friendly materials. Natural and synthetic fibres come in a wide range of shapes and sizes. Natural fibres include jute, straw wheat, rice husk banana fibre, pineapple leaf fibre, cotton, Sisal, Coir, Oats, and Bagasse. Every year, 13.5 tonnes of banana fibre are produced in India. Teabags, paper, and polymer composite reinforcement are just a few of the applications for banana fibre. This article focuses on the manufacture of banana fibre with epoxy and a variety of other natural fibres. By combining banana fibre with some current technology, waste will be reduced, and energy efficiency will be increased, all while supporting sustainability. Banana fibres are covered in this work, along with their uses, applications, and mechanical qualities, as well as how banana fibre might improve mechanical properties.

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