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A STUDY OF THREE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT ADAPTATIONS OF WUTHERING HEIGHTS

A STUDY OF THREE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT ADAPTATIONS OF WUTHERING HEIGHTS

Author(s): Diana-Nicoleta Ciucu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The intention of the paper is to demonstrate the way in which the feminine in Wuthering Heights films is rendered on screen. The author of the article is interested in the feminine, the role of women and the way in which they were received in the society of those days. The research is focus on analysing Wuthering Heights adaptations in terms of their fidelity (or lack of it) to the source text; moreover, it is aim to also address this issue in terms of intertextuality with reference to the layering process, the adding and / or altering of previous film adaptations of the text. The partial conclusion so far is that Wuthering Heights film adaptations imply both recognition and remembrance (of the novel), while also carrying an individual aura within them in terms of the way in which the original material is filtered and staged.

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ОТ ПОДЛИСТНИКА НА ВЕСТНИКА ДО КНИГАТА: ИЗ ГОТОВАТА ЗА ПЕЧАТ КНИГА „МОЯТ БУРГАС – РЕПОРТАЖИ“ ОТ АТАНАС ДЖАВКОВ (1944–1946)

ОТ ПОДЛИСТНИКА НА ВЕСТНИКА ДО КНИГАТА: ИЗ ГОТОВАТА ЗА ПЕЧАТ КНИГА „МОЯТ БУРГАС – РЕПОРТАЖИ“ ОТ АТАНАС ДЖАВКОВ (1944–1946)

Author(s): Maya Gorcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The paper examines the transition between the medium of literature and the newspaper and vice versa based on the editorial model of literary supplements in the newspaper “Burgaski Phar” (Burgas Lighthouse) and its successor “Naroden Phar” (People’s Lighthouse) from the period 1937– 1946. The process can be traced in the materials which were offered by the young reporter Atanas Dzhavkov. Five pieces from 1944 and 1946 come out with an announcement that they are from the ready-to-be-book My Burgas – Reports. After 1946, the author would become a well-known professional writer under the pseudonym Boris Aprilov. The publication is accompanied by the text The New City from the planned edition, prepared for printing with the assistance of students Pavlina ekova, Daniela Maneva and Nedelina Gyocheva (ULSIT).

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„Peržengti kaustančias ribas...“: keli Vandos Zaborskaitės biografijos papildymai

„Peržengti kaustančias ribas...“: keli Vandos Zaborskaitės biografijos papildymai

Author(s): Žydronė Kolevinskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2023

The article presents the years of work of the literary scholar, Professor Vanda Zaborskaitė at Vilnius University and at Vilnius Pedagogical Institute from 1966 to 1994. The famous activity of Vilnius University Department of Lithuanian Literature, along with the witch-hunt which led to Zaborskaitėʼs arrival at the Pedagogical Institute, is well-documented and extensively reflected upon. The main sources of the article are the minutes of the Department of Lithuanian and Foreign Literature of Vilnius Pedagogical Institute (later renamed as Lithuanian University of Education), as well as the published ego-documents of Vanda Zaborskaitė – her correspondence published in the book This is me, I write... (2019) and her diaries presented in the book Dienoraščiai 1941–2010 (2019). The archives of the Department of Lithuanian and Foreign Literature are stored in Vilnius, at the current Academy of Education of Vytautas Magnus University. Vanda Zaborskaitėʼs personal file in this archive contains 100 pages. The years of work at Vilnius Pedagogical Institute, her knowledge of the school life, as well as her desire to reform the schools of the already independent Lithuania contributed significantly to Zaborskaitėʼs commitment to the work with teachers and schools, along with the involvement in Lithuanian education. The nearly three decades of the work of Professor Vanda Zaborskaitė at Vilnius Pedagogical Institute reflect both her personal change and Lithuaniaʼs move towards freedom. Although, of course, in spirit, she remained first and foremost a representative of Vilnius University and the department which was being dismantled at the time. However, her firm position, exceptional competence, high criteria for literary education, uncompromising opinion, encouragement of critical thinking and confidence allowed the people of the Department of Lithuanian and Foreign Literature of the Pedagogical Institute to unite for the future of the school, for the survival of the studies of the Lithuanian language because, for her, the studies of the Lithuanian language represent the consciousness of ‘Lithuanianness’. The issue raised in the article is reflected in the quote by Vanda Zaborskaitė in the title: “to go beyond the boundaries of what is painful.” The author of the article is interested in what kind of boundaries Vanda Zaborskaitė crossed, and how she did that. Are all boundaries crossed? And how does the (non-)crossing of boundaries create new boundary situations?

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Žemininkai Vilniuje: santykis su daugiataučio miesto erdve

Žemininkai Vilniuje: santykis su daugiataučio miesto erdve

Author(s): Mindaugas Kvietkauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2023

The article examines the relationship between the generation of žemininkai (a literary movement; its name can be roughly translated as ‘representatives of land’) and the multi-ethnic Vilnius urban space since 1940, when the young representatives of this generation moved to the regained capital of Lithuania. Previous studies of their work stated that the experience of Vilnius had a significant impact on the cultural consciousness of this generation, but they never analysed the process of development of their ‘Vilnius identity’ and urban discourse, the meanings of the city that it emphasised, and the manifestations of the relationship with the multi-ethnic urban environment and the cultural ‘other’. The article presents socio-cultural analysis of the poetic and ego-documentary texts of four žemininkai authors who reflected on their Vilnius experience – Pranė Aukštikalnytė-Jokimaitienė, Kazys Bradūnas, Vytautas Mačernis, and Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas, as well as the autobiographical testimonies of the literary scholar Vanda Zaborskaitė. Their initial attitudes seem to be similar – ethnocentric and monological, whereas the urban imagination is dominated by the axis of the Lithuanian-European cultural meanings, and the spatial images are distilled from the signs of the local cultural ‘Other’. However, as early as during the war years, and especially in the post-war period, a shift in the individual attitudes of some of the žemininkai is evident. The initial nationalistic schemes are loosened or questioned, and signs of the ‘Other’ are integrated, which is first of all manifested in their poetry and poetic prose about Vilnius.

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Uždaros visuomenės fenomenologija Antano Vienuolio „Paskenduolėje“: antropologiniai profiliai

Uždaros visuomenės fenomenologija Antano Vienuolio „Paskenduolėje“: antropologiniai profiliai

Author(s): Jūratė Levina / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2023

The inquiry formulates the fundamentals of the hermeneutics of narrative against the background of the history of reception of the work under examination, “The Drowned Girl” by Antanas Vienuolis, and draws on the relevant phenomenological descriptions and resources of structural analysis to foreground the operative mechanisms of closed society. Such mechanisms are foregrounded on three planes: (1)social, of the rules of relationships between people, which in the story constitute a hierarchal system of power relations modelled on the structure of the traditional family of the agricultural holding, (2) significative, comprising sense-making discourses (traditional customs and Christianity) whereby the culture, in this story, configures the world without transcending corporeally perceivable horizons of the actually lived present, and (3) anthropological, where sociocultural praxis and self-perception are grounded in the essentially unhuman nature which the culture tries to assimilate and erase without recognising its essential otherness. This threefold configuration emerges at the crossroad of the (author’s and reader’s) Modern and (the represented) archaic cultural self-conceptions, which produces the conflict of interpretations and facilitates both the cathartic effect and the ongoing process of sense-making. All these configurations are derived from the story’s poetics, simultaneously exposing the discursive operative mechanisms of closed society.

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Trumpoji draminė forma Kosto Ostrausko ir Juozo Erlicko kūryboje

Trumpoji draminė forma Kosto Ostrausko ir Juozo Erlicko kūryboje

Author(s): Neringa Klišienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2023

Short dramatic forms have become theatrical objects that are not easily identifiable. They act as a symbol of questioning the foundations of the conventional drama and a reflection on the dramatic genre in general. The article focuses on its ambiguous treatment and its actualisation in the context of contemporary Lithuanian dramaturgy. Micro-drama, miniature, one-shot drama, or ‘dramatized’ proverbs and sayings – these are the playwrights’ own denominations indicating a kind of tendency which emerged at the end of the 20th century, or, at least, the search for an original term or word. At the same time, however, this effort also signals the inscription of short-format dramatic texts into a certain mediatic area of literature and theatre, which is primarily seen as a sign of a certain bargain with the reader. The article does not look at short-form texts so much through the prism of theatrical evolution, but rather focuses on the mechanism of short-form writing. The question is whether (and how) such ‘mutations’ of dramatic writing maintain a specific theatrical mode of operation (the plot, the character etc.) when they enter the dynamic field of the short form. It is concluded that its mechanism is related to maximum cost-effectiveness and economy of language, and, through the reduction of the aforementioned dramatic triad, the function of the perceiver and his/her interpretative work are radicalised.

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De la prédominance de la langue française dans l’expressivité littéraire en Afrique francophone: cas de Wandi Bla! de Konan Roger Langui

De la prédominance de la langue française dans l’expressivité littéraire en Afrique francophone: cas de Wandi Bla! de Konan Roger Langui

Author(s): Métou Kané / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2023

Languages are equivalent in that they are, in essence, perceived as a means of communication within a given group. However, this primary functionality is not the essence of our thinking. It is, of course, important, but it includes a beyond that interests us: the representativeness of language on the literary chessboard. The latter seems crucial to us because, from an analytical point of view, it contributes to creating a hierarchy between the languages of the world. This fame is necessary for certain African cultures that thirst for literary expressiveness and whose languages are very often unknown at the level of world literature. And this is the basis of their inability to carry their rich culture into a process of accomplished literacy. The Baoulé language suffers from this deficiency. For example, Baoulé, Konan Roger Langui’s mother tongue, struggled to promote Attoungblan. This explains the poet’s choice of the French language as the language of writing in order to achieve this. This explains the poet’s choice of the French language as the language of writing in order to achieve this. Obviously, the scope of languages sometimes determines the choice of writers. Wandi Bla! attests to this. Through this poetic creation that puts orality at the service of writing, the work takes on an intercultural dimension.

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From the Other Shore: Exploring Home and Spatial Duality in Leïla Sebbar’s Le silence des rives (Silence on the Shores)

From the Other Shore: Exploring Home and Spatial Duality in Leïla Sebbar’s Le silence des rives (Silence on the Shores)

Author(s): Nassima Amirouche / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

The duality of here and there is a recurring motif in Maghrebian exile literature, which revolves around the experiences of North African immigrants who reside in Europe. This dualistic framework underscores the sense of displacement and cultural alienation that many immigrants experience in their new homes, as they find themselves straddling two cultures and struggling to find a sense of belonging in either of them. Leïla Sebbar’s novel Le silence des rives portrays the last day in the life of a Maghrebian immigrant in France, whose life is fraught with unfulfilled promises and shattered dreams. The present article examines how spatial duality and the here-there dichotomy serve as the main device for the exploration of the lives of the novel’s characters. This article also highlights the argument that the notions of “home” and “belonging” are not merely physical, but also emotional and psychological. The concept of spatial duality, as developed by Gaston Bachelard, provides a valuable framework for understanding the intricate relationship between exiles’ experiences of physical and psychological space. The postcolonial reading perspective also elucidates the complexity of (im)migrant subjectivity and the discourse of belonging.

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Albanian literature in the english-speaking world

Albanian literature in the english-speaking world

Author(s): Robert Elsie / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2022

This article is about the translations of Albanian literature into English from 1596 to 2008, providing a register of translations along with the context of the works. Being one of the translators and researchers of this literature, Elsie, along with the list of translations, highlights the importance of the writers and their translated works, and at the same time, explains the cultural politics and shows the need for translation of Albanian literature as a necessity for the integrations in the transnational culture.

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Social Criticism of Albanian Literature (The Introductions of Fan S. Noli)

Social Criticism of Albanian Literature (The Introductions of Fan S. Noli)

Author(s): Besnik Jaha / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2022

This article is about Albanian social criticism comprehending Fan Noli as a representative example, namely his introductions about the works he had translated. Known as the greatest Albanian translator, Noli is also an important critic. With his interpretations of the world masterpieces he brought into Albanian, Noli became a representative of a type of criticism according to the sociological method, social criticism.

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The autobiographical discourse in Kadare’s novel (on the novel Twilight of the Eastern Gods)

The autobiographical discourse in Kadare’s novel (on the novel Twilight of the Eastern Gods)

Author(s): Mirjetë Sadiku / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2022

A little has been written about the novel Twilight of the Eastern Gods. Many researchers who have written about Kadare’s work either mention this novel in passing or do not mention it at all. In this survey, we tried to give an answer to the novel’s problems with special emphasis on the autobiographical discourse. Many researchers of Kadare’s work agree that Twilight and Chronicle in Stone have strong autobiographical discourse. He includes facts from his own life, such as his student life in Moscow, his friends at Gorki Institute, the case of Fadeyev and Pasternak, etc. In addition, Kadare also gives a picture of life under the Soviet communist government with special emphasis on the many problems faced by writers at that time, giving us the profile of some writers who were entirely at the service of that regime. Twilight can rightly be taken as evidence of life under the communist regime. The whole atmosphere of that time is reflected in it. He decides to reflect on the difficult life of the writer under the dictatorship by taking examples from reality, such as the case of Fadeyev and Pasternak.

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Keller’s legends in albanian

Keller’s legends in albanian

Author(s): Naim Kryeziu / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2023

This article talks about Gottfried Keller’s book of stories titled Seven Legends, and about its translation into Albanian. Here we discuss Keller’s fame and importance in Swiss literature. This book is a reinterpretation of Christian legends. So, the context of the author and the texts, as well as the narration technique and the intertextual connections of the legends are analysed.

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Empathy and the reader (Zef Pllumi’s memoir)

Empathy and the reader (Zef Pllumi’s memoir)

Author(s): Leonora Shatri / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2023

Although the first use of the term empathy refers to the kinaesthetic engagement with objects of art, today, the old Einfühlung encompasses a variety of definitions taken from various perspectives of human knowledge. The issue presented here concerns the particular correlation between empathetic responsiveness and memoir, which is explored primarily by attempting to reach apprehension of its particular nature and, secondly, by identifying potential empathy-based responses evoked by certain narrative situations of referential basis and narrative techniques. The importance of testimonial literature created after the fall of communism in Albania, which constitutes the poetics of personal, primarily lies in its reliability as a reconstruction of collective memory and identity through the individual memory, transcending individual events and experiences by evoking universal affective states. In this sense, Live to Tell, a narrative of repression and resistance, is the paradigm of Albanian literary testimony. The assertion of whether literature impacts prosocial behaviour as a result of empathetic evocations on its readers has not yet attained scientifically conclusive support. Despite this potential pragmatic quality, it is suggested here that the importance of empathy should be seen in its relation to the significance of a certain literary work, as long as it is considered a cognitive and affective path, at the end of which the reader will reach a higher moral ground. Transcending its particularity, Live to Tell attains universality through the ethics it provokes, regarding this a distinctive value of our shared humanity.

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Oration on Voltaire

Oration on Voltaire

Author(s): Victor Hugo / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2023

On the one hundredth anniversary of Voltaire’s death, Victor Hugo, the famous French author and poet, delivered this eloquent tribute in memory of the great French wit, dramatist and philosopher.

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The Labyrinth of Literature

The Labyrinth of Literature

Author(s): David Damrosch,Ag Apolloni / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2023

Interview with David Damrosch by Ag Apolloni.

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The Past, Present and Future of Art

The Past, Present and Future of Art

Author(s): Andreas Huyssen,Ag Apolloni / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2023

Interview with Andreas Huyssen by Ag Apolloni.

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„Tvrđava“ Meše Selimovića – amblematski znak socijalističkog estetizma i primjer modusa modernističke proze sa junakom apsurdnog iskustva

„Tvrđava“ Meše Selimovića – amblematski znak socijalističkog estetizma i primjer modusa modernističke proze sa junakom apsurdnog iskustva

Author(s): Lejla Vesković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2024

Na primjeru jezičko-stilskih struktura romana „Tvrđava“ Meše Selimovića ukazivaće se na temeljne postulate poetike socijalističkog estetizma, bez namjere da se pruži sveobuhvatna analiza svih značenja iskazanih ovim romanom. Djelo pripada kategoriji romana koji su modelovani oko tzv. junaka apsurdnog iskustva koji je utemeljio Ivo Andrić u „Prokletoj avliji“, a koji su dalje, između ostalih, uobličavali Mihailo Lalić u „Lelejskoj gori“, Ranko Marinković u „Kiklopu“, Slobodan Novak u „Mirisi zlato i tamjan“ i Vladan Desnica u „Proljeće Ivana Galeba“ (Kazaz 2010, 40). Dakle, Selimovićev roman posmatra se kao amblematski znak čitave poetike socijalističkog estetizma, ali i kao primjer za potkategoriju unutar ove poetike koja je, prema Kazazu, nazvana „romani modelovani oko junaka apsurdnog iskustva“.

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Meša Selimović’s Novel “The Fortress” as an Emblematic Representation of Yugoslav Socialist Modernism

Meša Selimović’s Novel “The Fortress” as an Emblematic Representation of Yugoslav Socialist Modernism

Author(s): Lejla Vesković / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Drawing upon my dissertation research on the subversive tactics of Yugoslav literature in the period of late socialism, I will analyze the poetics of Meša Selimović’s renowned novel “The Fortress,” published in 1970. Before delving into this research, my studies focused on Russian and English literature, and I did not have an insightful knowledge of the topic. My goal was to read the classics of South Slavic modern literature and trace how the dissident authors of late Yugoslav socialism subverted the monolithic bureaucratic order. After spending substantial time researching this issue, I came to the conclusion that opposed my initial hypothesis. To my great surprise, I recognized the considerable similarity between the prevalent socialist norm and the dissident literature produced in Yugoslav socialism.

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Emotional Transportation and Identification in Screenwriting: A Pilot Study

Emotional Transportation and Identification in Screenwriting: A Pilot Study

Author(s): Kirsi Reinola / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2023

Within the academic domain focused on the artistic practice of screenwriting, this exploratory study assesses the presence of emotional transportation and character identification processes within the solitary screenwriter’s creative imagination during the writing process. Screenwriting research is facing a dichotomy of the screenwriter who embodies both the role of a narrative specialist and that of a visual storytelling poet. Screenwriters often work in isolation, even in collaborative projects, leading to a tension between solitary work and collaborative roles. Narrative theories in screenwriting have mainly centered on identification of the audience, neglecting the screenwriter’s perspective. However, screenwriting can serve as a platform for experimentation and a reflection of new ideas, insights, and hands-on experience, meeting the demand for a systematic understanding of the writer’s processes. The results of this study provide preliminary insights into the mechanisms of emotional transportation, identification, and eureka moments in screenwriting practice. The study suggests that the transportation effect in writers is induced by a feeling of security, which arises from the limitations of the assignment. The data also suggests that pressure can lead to more original dramaturgical solutions. As such, this experimental pilot study already sheds light on the screenwriter’s artistic process. Yet, it has limitations, including a small number of informants and the novelty of the research method.

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The Seasons by James Thomson and the Baltic German Poetry about the Seasons in the Era of Baltic Enlightenment

The Seasons by James Thomson and the Baltic German Poetry about the Seasons in the Era of Baltic Enlightenment

Author(s): Kairit Kaur / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Since 2016 one of my research topics has been the Baltic German reception of English poetry through the lens of cultural historical book collections in Estonia. One of my findings has been that James Thomson’s The Seasons belonged among the most often received works of English poetry by Baltic Germans in Estonia, after James Macpherson’s Poems of Ossian and John Milton’s Paradise Lost and followed by Edward Young’s Night-Thoughts. (Kaur 2018: 375) Except for Milton’s, these works are almost unknown to modern Estonian readers. Therefore a few words to introduce Thomson and his famous work should be said. James Thomson (1700–1748) was an 18th century Scottish poet and playwright. Son of a Presbyterian minister, he studied at the College of Edinburgh to become a minister (1715–1719). However, very soon he found that preaching was not his calling and moved in 1725 to London to commit himself to literary work. There he created his poetic tetralogy in blank verse Winter (first published in 1726), Summer (1727), Spring (1728) and Autumn, which appeared together under the title The Seasons in 1730 (revised version in 1744). Enthusiastic, patriotic and full of love for flora, fauna, people, landscapes and everchanging weather conditions of his surroundings, but also of the wider world, it was received with great admiration by his British compatriots. But not only them: a new fresh interest in nature and especially in the phenomenon of the seasons as well the wish to describe and express them through poetry and other artistic means can be traced in Europe. Some years before Thomson the famous Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi had created his violin concerto The Four Seasons (1718) and a German poet and senator from the city of Hamburg, Barthold Hinrich Brockes, had started to publish his series Irdisches Vergnügen in Gott (Earthly Delight in God) (1721–1748) in which he meticulously described many objects from and views of nature as God’s creations, inspired by English and Dutch physical theology

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