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The article examines the admissibility of cassation in the field of labour law cases and social security cases, which are classified in simplified proceedings and, as the case may be, heard in those proceedings or heard without the application of the provisions on those proceedings. The paper refers to the current wording of the Polish Civil Proceedings Code and also discusses the legal situation prior to the amendments of the Polish Civil Proceedings Code of 2017 and of 2019, as well as provides de lege ferenda comments.
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This paper is aimed at introducing the social and legal status of the cook in the ancient Rome, especially in the period of the republic and empire. The author seeks in it for the answers to the following questions. What image is drawn in the light of the preserved extralegal and legal sources? Was cocus someone respected or despised? For what purposes did he associate with other cooks? Who cocus optimus was and who cocus mediocris was and how did it affect, if he was a slave at the same time, the responsibility of the seller? The image of a cook, which is drawn on grounds of preserved literary, epigraphic as well as legal sources is very diversified. Sometimes this profession was depreciated at Romans’, some other time generated very positive reactions. This article consists of two parts. The first one basing on extralegal sources: literary or epigraphic, presents the sociological portrait of a cook. The second one analyses the selected legal aspects of this profession basing on, most of all, the preserved juridical sources especially CTh. 7,13,8 and D. 21,1,18,1.
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By taking paid annual leave, the employee remains passive with respect to his or her work function, and the employer is faced with the need to reorganize the work process. The established procedure for the use of paid annual leave should take into account the interests of both parties to the legal relationship.The article provides a historical overview of the rules for the use of paid annual leave according to a pre-established schedule. The analysis of the historical development of the regulation of the use of paid annual leave shows that the Bulgarian labour legislation knows both regimes.It is in the interests of employers to establish the predictability of an employee's absence. Employees may regard the requirement to plan the taking of paid annual leave as a restriction on their rights. Scheduling of leave brings clarity and predictability to the exercise of the right to paid annual leave and is therefore in the interest of both employees and the employer.
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