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Tłumacze i ich biografie – pytania metodologiczne

Tłumacze i ich biografie – pytania metodologiczne

Author(s): Markus Eberharter / Language(s): English Issue: 47/2023

This article considers the methodological issues of research in Translator Studies, that is, concerning translators themselves and their biographies. Above all in the perspective of the cultural turn of the 1990s, which led to a new understanding of both the translators themselves and their role in intercultural communication, undertaking and clarifying the principles of such research seems to be a consistent step in the theoretical development of the discipline of Translation Studies. The article lists and defines the most important aims and objectives of biographical research on translators. Also presented are specific research models and paradigms, which can be used to reconstruct and describe so-called translator biographies. Finally, the author considers to what extent it is advisable to combine facts about the life and activities of translators into larger and coherent biographical narratives. In this respect Translation Studies could benefit from the conclusions of Biographical Studies, particularly regarding the reliable and adequate use of data collected in biographical research.

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Zapisana w cudzym archiwum: re/dekonstrukcja postaci Bolesławy Kopelówny na podstawie spuścizny Zygmunta Żuławskiego

Zapisana w cudzym archiwum: re/dekonstrukcja postaci Bolesławy Kopelówny na podstawie spuścizny Zygmunta Żuławskiego

Author(s): Joanna Sobesto / Language(s): Polish Issue: 47/2023

The main aim of the paper is to present the private and professional biography of Bolesława Kopelówna – a female translator from English active in the interwar period (1918–1939) in Poland. Unusually prolific as a translator, criticized by her contemporaries and then forgotten, Kopelówna authored dozens of translations from various genres: including fiction, children’s literature, and romance novels. She was also an interpreter and worked in the field of specialized translation. She traveled often and was engaged in the socialist movement in Poland.As an official archive of Kopelówna does not exist, I would like to re/deconstruct her biography through Zygmunt Żuławski’s – her friend and colleague – personal papers: letters to Kopelówna, diaries and some enigmatic traces of her own presence in his archive. By applying tools from translation history, especially contemporary findings on archives of female writers, I attempt to answer the question why Kopelówna was so intensely criticized. Microhistorical study on female translator, through the extension of the notion of an archive takes part in the discussion on the potential of translation history in literary history and cultural studies.

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Asymetrické užití tzv. formálních a neformálních pozdravů a rozloučení v české a francouzské části 
korpusu InterCorp

Asymetrické užití tzv. formálních a neformálních pozdravů a rozloučení v české a francouzské části korpusu InterCorp

Author(s): Magdaléna Lapúniková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 29/2024

The contrastive study describes the most frequent greetings and saying goodbye used in the Czech and French language, and defines and evaluates the ways in which they can be translated. In the present study, the data were gathered from the parallel corpus InterCorp. The research includes an interlinguistic questionnaire survey carried out in the Czech Republic and France. The results of this survey showing the assessment of polite phrases by native speakers of either Czech or French are confronted with the findings of the contrastive analysis to identify and characterize in detail potential translation problems between French and Czech especially in terms of the use of formal and informal greetings and saying goodbye.

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La langue bugulienne: sa formation et ses caractéristiques

La langue bugulienne: sa formation et ses caractéristiques

Author(s): Edyta Sacharewicz / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2023

The aim of this article is to analyse Ken Bugul’s written language and its specificities. This Senegalese writer, like most French-speaking authors, has had to define her own written language, which becomes a mixture of French, the language of the coloniser, and Wolof, her mother tongue. The author of this article also draws attention to three experiences in Bugul’s personal life that have influenced her literary language, called by Christian Ahihou “la langue bugulienne”.

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ЛИЧНИТЕ НАПАДКИ КАТО ЕЛЕМЕНТ ОТ НЕУЧТИВОТО И АГРЕСИВНО ПОВЕДЕНИЕ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАТА РЕЧ

ЛИЧНИТЕ НАПАДКИ КАТО ЕЛЕМЕНТ ОТ НЕУЧТИВОТО И АГРЕСИВНО ПОВЕДЕНИЕ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАТА РЕЧ

Author(s): Elena Krejčová,Nadezhda Stalyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Impoliteness refers to a characteristic form of language use in communication that contradicts acceptable patterns or deviates from expected communication. Impoliteness is perceived mainly in the context of social rules of communication and valid conventions, and impoliteness arises from the violation of given constructed conventions. It is part of manipulative communication and is the opposite of cooperative communication. The problem of linguistic impoliteness can be addressed using several methods – quantitative analysis, conversational analysis and pragmalinguistic analysis. In the present study, we examine the manifestations of linguistic impoliteness in the context of political communication. In the text, we look at examples of the use of an ad hominem argument (argument against the person/personality) in Bulgarian political debates in Parliament. It is one of the most frequently used techniques in disputes between political opponents and, accordingly, one of the most frequently indicated when it comes to a manipulative suggestive effect on the audience or on the opponent.

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Kaip mokoma(si) stiliaus

Kaip mokoma(si) stiliaus

Author(s): Laima Nevinskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 18/2022

Šios knygos dalies tikslas – išanalizuoti, kodėl mokytojai taiso su stilistine raiška sietinus moksleivių kalbos variantus, ir pamėginti paaiškinti priežastis, kodėl moksleivių rašiniuose atsiranda tokios, mokytojų požiūriu, taisytinos raiškos. Lietuviškoje literatūroje stilius daugiausia nagrinėjamas rašinių vertinimo kontekstuose, pavyzdžiui, analizuojant rašinių taisymus arba apklausiant mokytojus (Miliūnaitė 2015; Smetonienė, Petrėnienė 2016 ir kt.). Šiuose tyrimuose įvardijami kai kurie probleminiai didaktikos aspektai, pvz., stiliaus vertinimo nenuoseklumas, skirtingų kategorijų „klaidų“ painiojimas, tačiau pats stiliaus mokymas ir taisymai kritiškai nereflektuojami. Moksleivių rašymo gebėjimai lietuviškoje literatūroje paprastai vertinami neigiamai, jų rašymo „prastėjimas“ siejamas su mažėjančiu skaitymu ir informacinių technologijų įtaka, nebandant sieti moksleivių stiliaus pasirinkimų su jų kognityvine raida ar sociokultūriniu rašymo kontekstu. Rasti tik pavieniai bandymai analizuoti rašymo kokybės veiksnius rašymo mokymo didaktikos aspektu (pvz., aštuntos klasės moksleivių rašymą nagrinėjantis Salienės (2011) straipsnis). Skirtingai nei Lietuvoje, tarptautinėje literatūroje egzistuoja platus su stiliumi susijusių rašymo tyrimų (writing, composition) laukas, apimantis labai įvairias temas, pvz., rašymo kontekstai ir praktikos, daugiakalbystė ir rašymas, rašymo mokymas, rašymo elementai, individualus rašymo procesas, žanras ir rašymas, rašymas ir technologijos, raštingumo modalumai ir kt. (žr. apžvalgą iš Juzwik et al. 2006). Taip pat atlikta nemažai tyrimų apie rašymo gebėjimų raidą, sukurti teoriniai jų raidą aiškinantys modeliai. Šie tyrimai leidžia įvertinti rašymo mokymą(si), taip pat ir stiliaus atžvilgiu, platesniame teoriniame ir sociokultūriniame kontekste. Skirtumas nuo Lietuvos tyrimų yra ne tik temų įvairovė, bet ir nevertinamasis požiūris, matomas jau iš tyrimų temų, bei dėmesys rašymo didaktikai.

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Работата върху поетичния текст в детско-юношески хор във връзка с музикалната интерпретация

Работата върху поетичния текст в детско-юношески хор във връзка с музикалната интерпретация

Author(s): Dzhulia Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

This paper aims to examine the specifics of working on a poetic text with children’s and youth choirs regarding the musical interpretation of a piece. Working on the lyrics has two aspects - the children’s emotional experience with the meaning of the lyrics and the delivery of the intention behind the words to the listeners, determined by achieving clear diction and articulation. Accordingly, methods and approaches for reaching those objectives are presented, and the peculiarities of working on foreign language lyrics are mentioned.

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CULTURAL TRANSLATION: AN ANALYSIS OF DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING PROVERBS FROM ENGLISH INTO ARABIC

CULTURAL TRANSLATION: AN ANALYSIS OF DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING PROVERBS FROM ENGLISH INTO ARABIC

Author(s): Halima Nine / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2024

This paper aims at exploring the translation of cultural aspects in proverbs and investigating the strategies employed to transmit cultural specificities to the target reader. Using selected proverbs from Mohamed Attia’s Dictionary of Common English Proverbs translated from English into Arabic, this study employs Venuti's theory of domestication and foreignization along with Newmark’s cultural categories in an attempt to examine the translator’s role in dealing with cultural differences between English and Arabic. The findings reveal that both domestication and foreignization can be employed in the cultural translation of proverbs, with domestication predominating in conveying religious terms and foreignization prevailing for historical terms.

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LES SEQUENCES PROTOTYPIQUES DE JEAN-MICHEL ADAM DANS LES TEXTES NON-LITTERAIRES

LES SEQUENCES PROTOTYPIQUES DE JEAN-MICHEL ADAM DANS LES TEXTES NON-LITTERAIRES

Author(s): Cristina-Ileana Cândea-Axinte (Bălos) / Language(s): French Issue: 37/2024

According to linguist Jean-Michel Adam’s theory, literary texts have a sequential structure and five prototypes of basic sequential patterns can be identified, as following: narrative, descriptive, argumentative, explanatory and dialogic. Literary texts are composed of heterogeneous sequential structures, combining several prototypical sequences. One cannot speak of homogeneity of sequences in this type of texts. We aim to demonstrate that, while having an explanatory purpose, scientific writings such as a summary of a doctoral thesis belonging to the field of language sciences, abide by the same rules and are therefore not homogenous.

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Рекламний текст у сфері освітніх послуг: лінгвопрагматичний аспект (на матеріалі української та китайської мов)

Рекламний текст у сфері освітніх послуг: лінгвопрагматичний аспект (на матеріалі української та китайської мов)

Author(s): ZHANG MENGWEI / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2023

The article discusses the linguistic features and pragmatic potential of advertising texts in the fi eld of educational services. The most important factors that shape educational advertising have been identifi ed, in particular, the specifi c object of advertising, an expressive target audience, the polycode character of the text and the types of advertising for strategic purposes. The features of the structure of advertisements for language courses as well as the semantic load of language units in terms of semantics and belonging to parts of speech in accordance with the elements of the repeating model of the advertising text are analyzed in detail. Language means also described. To expand upon the idea of this type of advertising text, Ukrainian and Chinese advertisements of language courses have been studied, with partiular reseach interest paid to the diff erences in the implementation of pragmatic potential at diff erent language levels.

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Communicative and functional intentionality of femininity and masculinity: Grammar and semantics

Communicative and functional intentionality of femininity and masculinity: Grammar and semantics

Author(s): ANATOLII Zahnitko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article discusses the communicative and functional intentionality of femininity and masculinity in terms of grammar and semantics. The research aims to analyze the communicative and functional orientation of femininity and masculinity, examining their relationship and/ or lack of correlation with feminine and masculine forms, and their manifestations in discursive practices. The article proposes distinguishing trends in contemporary feminization by diagnosing traditional- normative and gender-sensitive approaches to naming female individuals based on social status, profession, and title. Additionally, it seeks to determine the key factors driving public demand for the use of derived feminine forms. By comparing the functioning of feminine forms in the German language, the article identifi es the main psychological, social, pragmatic, cognitive (including cognitive-behavioral and cultural-historical) factors that burden the national memory with noun forms for the nomination of female individuals in the modern Ukrainian language.

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Constructions agrammatisées mono- et polysynonymiques dans les romans de San-Antonio

Constructions agrammatisées mono- et polysynonymiques dans les romans de San-Antonio

Author(s): Anastasiia Lepetiukha / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

In this research, mono- and polysynonymic constructions are considered as transforms of a virtual primary syntagm or proposition which are actualised in the form of grammaticalised (conventional in language and discourse) and typical (non-conventional in language and conventional in discourse) and atypical (non-conventional in language and in discourse) agrammaticalised co(n)textually pertinent preferential options. In grammaticalised utterances, expression prevails over expressiveness, while in agrammaticalised structures, expressiveness predominates over expression. In this article, the procedure of inverse reconstruction (discourse → language) of the primary structure is used. An "alternative" linguistic experiment is conducted, consisting of the replacement of a synonymic utterance by another in a discursive fragment that is analysed in order to justify the co(n)textual pertinence of the preferential option. During the research, typical and atypical agrammaticalised mono- and polypredicative quantitatively equacomponential, redundant, and compressed structures and bi and polysynonymic bi- and polyagrammaticalised preferential options (typical/atypical agrammatisation + typical/atypical agrammatisation) at the level of a syntagm or utterance are distinguished. It is revealed that in the novels of San-Antonio, monosynonymic atypical agrammaticalised utterances predominate. It is concluded that the actualisation of typical and atypical mono- and polypredicative mono- and polysynonymic agrammaticalised constructions, the result of the transformation of morphologically, syntactically and semantically balanced primary structures, where the predominance of expressiveness over expression sometimes leads to dissyntaxy, is one of the idiostylistic features of San-Antonio, who uses ludic strategies to facilitate or complicate the identification of his communicative intention and the interpretation of the information by the reader.

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O stylu przemówień sądowych Eugeniusza Śmiarowskiego z lat 1920–1925

O stylu przemówień sądowych Eugeniusza Śmiarowskiego z lat 1920–1925

Author(s): Anna Wojciechowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXII/2023

The research explores the speeches by Eugeniusz Śmiarowski entitled “Defence Speeches” and published in 1926 (1920-1925). The texts under investigation follow a genre pattern of a court speech. The analysis focuses on the stylistic aspect of the genre pattern and is based on the assumption that the language choices of the subject of the statement, predicted within the genre, depend on various aspects. The aim of the article is to show the factors affecting the style of E. Śmiarowski’s speeches. Findings prove that the author’s linguistic choices were influenced by the historical, social, and biographical contexts. The stylistic shape of his speeches is fundamentally consistent with the art of judicial eloquence. Distinguishing features should be associated with the situation (the beginnings of Polish independence), the topic of the case, and the subject’s attitude towards the world, and with the structure of speech. Mainly in its framework parts (in the introduction and conclusion), one can see the subjectivity, the privacy of the subject of the statement, and the means of emotionalising the utterance. The research fills a void in the literature since Śmiarowski’s speeches have not been examined before. It would be interesting to compare the texts with the speeches of other prominent court speakers from a century ago.

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Język i styl powieści pt. Pokraj Andrzeja Saramonowicza – rekonesans

Język i styl powieści pt. Pokraj Andrzeja Saramonowicza – rekonesans

Author(s): Katarzyna Wyrwas / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXII/2023

The article as a research reconnaissance contains an analysis of the language and style of Andrzej Saramonowicz’s novel Pokraj. The author discusses selected determinants of the original language of the novel, e.g., vocabulary, metaphors, comparisons, and significant proper names. Much attention was paid to intertextual references, such as the imitation of clearly recognisable forms (drama, film script, radio news, religious texts), recalling texts related to a common theme in the form of a collage and the use of quotes and paraphrases, the accurate reading of which depends on the cultural competence of the readers. The presented analyses show the author’s procedures that build a specific humour, serve criticism, parody, and satire.

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Trojański koń panegirystów. Studium staropolskiej popularności pewnego toposu

Trojański koń panegirystów. Studium staropolskiej popularności pewnego toposu

Author(s): Radosław Grześkowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXII/2023

This article is a first comprehensive monographic study of the topical comparison to the Trojan horse, discussing its origins and its most important panegyric uses in Old Polish orations and poetry. Today, when the phraseologism ‘Trojan horse’, associated with treachery, false gift, or internal enemy, is unambiguously pejorative, the positive connotations of 16th- and 17th-century texts may seem incomprehensible. Meanwhile, old authors commonly imitated Cicero’s formula (De oratore II 22,94), who likened the school of the famous speaker Isocrates to the Trojan horse, from whence many illustrious Greeks emerged. The numerous examples collected in the article prove that this comparison was commonly used in Polish literature until the end of the 18th century in three main contexts, i.e., to praise a humanist and teacher (e.g., professor of the Krakow Academy Szymon Kociołek, the bishop of Kraków Samuel Maciejowski), to praise a university (e.g., the Kraków Academy) or school (e.g., Jesuit colleges), and to praise an illustrious family (originally royal, princely and magnate families, with time the comparison began to be used in praise of minor noble families). The article also discusses the obscene reinterpretation of this topos.

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Stanisław Gajda – uczony, humanista, mistrz, kolega i przyjaciel

Stanisław Gajda – uczony, humanista, mistrz, kolega i przyjaciel

Author(s): Maria Wojtak / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXII/2023

Wieść o śmierci profesora Stanisława Gajdy szybko obiegła środowiska akademickie w Polsce i za granicą, napełniwszy smutkiem licznych przedstawicieli nauki – nie tylko językoznawców. Dzięki swojej wieloaspektowej działalności i postawie życiowej opolski lingwista był bowiem znany szerokiemu gronu naukowców. Zamknęło się życie uczonego o niekwestionowanym autorytecie, dla wielu mistrza, dla innych mentora, ale też dobrego kolegi i przyjaciela. O szacunku dla mistrza świadczy choćby styl zredagowania jubileuszowego biogramu przez Jolantę Nocoń (2016: 11–13), a sylwetkę wybitnego badacza, organizatora życia naukowego i przede wszystkim przyjaciela kreśli we wspomnieniu Stanisław Dubisz (2023: 7–11).

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Jubileusz Profesora Bogusława Wyderki

Jubileusz Profesora Bogusława Wyderki

Author(s): Ewa Malinowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXII/2023

Profesor Bogusław Wyderka obchodził jubileusz 70-lecia urodzin i 45-lecia pracy na Uniwersytecie Opolskim (wcześniej Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna). W życiu naukowym i publicznym Profesor odegrał i ciągle spełnia ważną rolę. Jego zainteresowania badawcze związane są przede wszystkim z językoznawstwem historycznym, śląskoznawstwem i stylistyką.

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Budzyńska-Daca Agnieszka, Rusin dybalska renata (red.), dyskursy polityczne w polsce i czechach po roku 1989. Gatunki, Strategie Komunikacyjne, Wizerunki Medialne / Politické Diskurzy V Polsku A Česku Po Roce 1989

Budzyńska-Daca Agnieszka, Rusin dybalska renata (red.), dyskursy polityczne w polsce i czechach po roku 1989. Gatunki, Strategie Komunikacyjne, Wizerunki Medialne / Politické Diskurzy V Polsku A Česku Po Roce 1989

Author(s): Kamil FRANKOWSKI / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXII/2023

Review of: BUDZYŃSKA-DACA AGNIESZKA, RUSIN DYBALSKA RENATA (RED.), DYSKURSY POLITYCZNE W POLSCE I CZECHACH PO ROKU 1989. GATUNKI, STRATEGIE KOMUNIKACYJNE, WIZERUNKI MEDIALNE / POLITICKÉ DISKURZY V POLSKU A ČESKU PO ROCE 1989. ŽÁNRY, KOMUNIKAČNÍ STRATEGIE, MEDIÁLNÍ OBRAZY, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 279 s.

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Ассоциативные колоративы-композиты в современном русском языке

Ассоциативные колоративы-композиты в современном русском языке

Author(s): Irina V. Elyntseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

The article is devoted to associative composite color names in the modern Russian language (on the material of the National Corps of the Russian Language). The constituent components of these lexemes are perfomed of colorative adjectives (their stems), which are formed from the names of fairly common realities. They call color using associative connections with them. Being independent linguistic units, these color names are often combined with the word цвет(а) (color), which, in our opinion, is due to the style of the text. The groups of nominations are distinguished depending on the type of their components and the kind of connection between them. The conclusion is made that coloratives of this category are in demand by native speakers of the Russian language and are widely used in speech practice.

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Особенности межкультурной коммуникации в контексте делового взаимодействия представителей разных корпоративных культур

Особенности межкультурной коммуникации в контексте делового взаимодействия представителей разных корпоративных культур

Author(s): Tatiana Pochinok / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

The article examines the problem of the implementation of intercultural communication in the context of business interaction between representatives of multinational corporate cultures. The author affirms that representatives of different cultures for the implementation of effective business communication and the development of rational management decisions need to have sociocultural competence, namely to know about the ethnopsychological peculiarities of the representatives of different linguocultures and be able to consider this knowledge in the process of intercultural communication. The article presents ethnopsychological peculiarities and models of behavior of representatives of Western and Eastern cultures as a comparative analysis. As an example, the author examines in more detail the implementation of the ethnopsychological peculiarity of positive perception on the example of the representatives of the American and Russian-speaking cultures.

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