"Chvála básnického umenia" (Laudes artis poeticae, 1461) z pera Levočana Christophora Petschmessingsloera

Author(s): Mária Novacká / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2008

The article deals with the activities of an important fraternity of pastors from Spiš (Szepes, Zips) region founded in 1204 who resided in Levoča (Lőcse, Leutschau), especially with the work of one of its members, Christoph Petschmessingsloer. In addition to providing information on the life of the author of The Praise for the Art of Poetry (Laudes artis poeticae) from 1461, the study describes the circumstances of the origin of this work. The greatest attention is paid to an analysis of the text of this lecture on the art of poetry and an assessment of its rhetorical characteristics that represented an introduction to Satires by the Roman satirist Decimus Junius Juvenalis. For its first part, the poetic praise of art and poetry is characteristic; the second part speaks of rhetorical and poetic technique, verse forms together with terms of poetic expression. The work is concluded with a mythological story inspired by Ovid's Metamorphoses about nine muses that represent nine human activities and methods of the acquisition of knowledge.

(Ne)moć reči

Author(s): Slaviša Orlović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3-4/2016

Počev od 2009. godine u Ivanjici se svake godine krajem avgusta održava Nušićijada. Reč je o kolaž festivalu satkanom od muzičkih koncerata, pozorišnih predstava, sportskih događaja, performanasa, izložbi i filmskih projekcija, začinjen ceremonijama i paradom kostimiranih građana kao svojim zaštitnim znakom. Ona predstavlja spoj kulture i zabave, tradicionalnog i modernog, mladosti i iskustva, individualnog i kolektivnog. Poznato je da je Branislav Nušić bio odličan besednik i da je napisao jedan od najboljih priručnika za retoriku na srpskom jeziku Retorika – nauku o besedništvu. Imajući to u vidu u okviru Nušićijade u Ivanjici počev od 2012. godine organizuje se Besedničko veče: „NUŠIĆ I REČ“. Ono se sastoji iz dva dela. U prvom delu ugledna ličnost iz javnog života po pozivu govori „Besedu o Nušiću“ na temu o Branislavu Nušiću kao besedniku i teoretičaru retorike. U drugom delu „U slavu reči“, nastupaju revijalno najuspešniji takmičari u besedništvu u Srbiji u tekućoj godini. U ovoj rubrici Hereticusa objavljujemo besede dr Slaviše Orlovića, redovnog profesora Fakulteta političkih nauka Univerziteta u Beogradu i studenata Olivere Ševo, Stefana Dragićevića i Bojane Petrović, koje su održane 27. avgusta 2016. u Ivanjici. Na kraju je beseda dr Đorđa Sibinovića notarima Srbije. [...]

(Re) deifniranje stilske obilježnosti u književnom tekstu

Author(s): Tin Lemac / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8-9/2020

In this paper we discuss about cathegory of style marks in literary text. This cathegory was primarly noted in linguistic stylistics and reffers to the status of one linguistic element which is in deflection of the grammatical norm of some language. Her application and formalization in literary stylistics are in the middle of some very problematic points which we discuss in this paper. After discussion of legitimity and possibility of this analytical method in literary stylistics, we propose theoretical model in which we redefine this cathegory and use it in analysis of literary text. Theoretical and methodological frame of this paper is based on linguistic stylistics, literary stylistics, poetics, stylistic critic and estehtics.

(Roz)mowa jako ekspresja słowa w epifanii współbycia „twarzą w twarz”. Inspiracje Lévinasowskie

Author(s): Jan Wadowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

Based on Emmanuel Lévinas’s Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority, the article comprises a tentative reinterpretation of the concept of (Con)versation. The latter is conceived as an expression rather than a result of the relation obtaining between human persons. The relation in question cannot be thematized, but—due to consciousness adjustment—it gives rise to Interconsciousness. By participating in (Con)versation and staying ‘face-to-face’ with another, a human person rediscovers her subjectivity, which manifests the core of the metaphysics of love. It is only within the realm of the latter that the dimension of ethics comes to light. Therefore the command, “Do not kill me,” is preceded by the words, “I want you to live,” which signify the fact that, in its unselfishness, being has transcended itself. In this context, it turns out that the fundamental relation, the one that marks (Con)versation, springs from the realm of the Word, which is God himself.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF KEYWORDS IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE CORPORATE PRESS RELEASES FROM EUROPEAN COMPANIES: INSIGHTS INTO DISCURSIVE PRACTICES

Author(s): Hanna Teresa Skorczynska Sznajder / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

This study provides insights into discursive practices through a comparative study of keywords in English-language press releases from British, Spanish and Polish energy companies. Even though corporate press releases have been extensively researched, there is a lack of cross-cultural and corpus-based studies in this field. In the present research three corpora of approximately 120,000 words each, containing English-language press releases from British, Spanish and Polish energy companies, were used. The keywords were identified with the Wmatrix tool (Rayson 2009) and the reference corpus consisted of business periodical articles. The analysis of corpus keywords usually provides insights that would be difficult to gain by means of manual analyses of texts or qualitative approaches. The results obtained in this study show notable differences between the corpora with regard to the keywords identified. The use of more general meaning keywords by British companies or more technical keywords by Polish companies suggest that lexical choices might be indicative of different discursive practices used to reach stakeholders and the general public.

A Country for Old Men: The Pitfalls of Conservative Political Analysis During Crises

Author(s): Anatoly Reshetnikov / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

I would like to start this reply to the latest forecast by the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) with a small literary digression. Besides its poetic beauty, Y. B. Yeats’ ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ became one of the poet’s most lauded works for managing to express his acute reflexivity about the problem of aging. Observing the world around him, Yeats’ character understood with astounding clarity that it no longer belonged to him. Moved by this realization, he decided to set off to a different realm, a metaphysical world of immortal culture and spirituality, poetically represented as Byzantium. This critical reflexivity about the fragility and finitude of one’s earthly life indeed secured Yeats a place among his fellow literary classics in ‘the artifice of eternity’.

A humanizmus az igei tudomány szolgálatában (I.)

Author(s): Dezső Buzogány / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2020

When speaking of Reformation and Humanism, we tend to connect them to each other. But as we come closer to the essence of each, we discover their substantially different nature. The gist of Humanism is the human nature. On statues and paintings of the Renaissance the man is portrayed as a great, powerful, almost almighty person. On the other hand, Reformation places God, Christ, salvation, reconciliation etc. at the centre of its teaching. Humans are included too, but only as sideliners, as weak, infirm, needy, helpless figures. Nevertheless, Reformation has benefited to a significant extent from Humanism via its emphasis on the grammar for mastering the languages of the Scripture (Hebrew and Greek), dialectics striving to a better understanding of the scriptural message, and rhetorics as a substantial technical help spreading the Gospel. Therefore, teaching these disciplines at the universities of the Reformation has become of major importance during the 16th century.

A humanizmus az igei tudomány szolgálatában (IV)

Author(s): Dezső Buzogány / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2020

A syllogism (Greek: συλλογισμός – “conclusion, inference”) is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. Aristotle defines the syllogism as “a discourse in which certain (specific) things having been supposed, something different from the things supposed results of necessity because these things are so”. The Aristotelian syllogism dominated Western philosophical thought for many centuries in the Middle Ages. But the history of syllogistic thinking does not end with the Middle Ages. It continued to be used even by the church reformers of the 16th century. Thus, alongside a dialectic way of thinking, it contributed to the development of the new dogmatics coined by the church reformers in the 16th century.

A humanizmus az igei tudomány szolgálatában (V.)

Author(s): Dezső Buzogány / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 5/2020

This overview of Melanchthon’s dialectic is far from being complete. He continues to present the rules of scientific thinking and the theoretical and practical methods. But the short survey, which covers the essence of his scholarly view, shows a clear intention and effort on his behalf to “domesticate” the classical (pagan) science of thinking in view of their adoption by the Protestant churches. He believed that by doing so, he was advancing the science of the Word, as far as the preparation to the church service is concerned. He was aware that the classical scholarship of humanism could improve Protestant theology, which was to become more erudite, while enriching church sermons with more depth and substance. The overview also shows Melanchthon’s deep commitment to pedagogy, and his concern to be useful to both his students and pastors by elaborating on and strengthening the specific Christian theology of the century. By this he inscribed his name forever into the memory book of the Protestant science and pedagogy.

A Quest for Originality in Latin Poetry of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Observed in Manuscripts of the Seventeenth-Eighteenth Centuries

Author(s): Živilė Nedzinskaitė / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were the time when literature in Latin written by professors and students of Jesuit colleges flourished in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This trend was the outcome of the Jesuit educational model. The main disciplines in colleges were poetics and rhetoric. The classes of these two disciplines not only aimed at teaching theoretical rules, acquainting the students with the prevailing literary canon, and pointing out the differences between genres, but also encouraged students’ individual creative work, as it was independent writing that was a proof of students’ ability to apply theory in practice. Student writing was strongly influenced by the theory of imitation, which was very popular at the time. Resorting to manuscript material from the colleges of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the article focuses on varying degrees of influence of the imitation theory on students’ individual creative work: it shows the relation between imitation and the literary tradition, the rules of rhetoric, and imitation of canonical authors; it also places emphasis on the quest for individual expression. The author observes that some texts composed by students are on a par with the best poetic works of the well-known poets of that time.

A RETORIKA ÉS AZ ÉRVELŐ ESSZÉ TANíTÁSA

Author(s): Ildiko Csaszi Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2017

Nowadays it is becoming increasingly important to convince others, to acquire the skill of debating in a cultured way, and this issue has to be met in school. In this study the author presents the importance of rhetoric, gives a short historical account of public speakers and researchers of different ages, then summarizes the rhetorical knowledge present in today’s education, focusing mainly on the presentation of preparing for one of the tasks of the graduation exam, that is the argumentative essay.

A Steep and Rocky Path to Brexit: Creative Metaphors in British Political Discourse on Brexit

Author(s): Lejla Aljukić / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2019

This paper examines the emergence of metaphorical creativity from the creative elaboration of the single walking journey metaphor, which is used in British political discourse for the conceptualisation of Brexit. Using the cognitive linguistic theory of conceptual metaphor, three instances of creative metaphors are analysed at the level of conceptual domains and metaphor scenarios, as well as metaphorical stories activated by those metaphors, which, according to Ritchie (2017), seem to be crucial for the complete comprehension of creative metaphors. Special attention is given to contextual factors that motivate the emergence of creative instances of the walking journey metaphor, as well as the rhetorical force with which they shape political reality.

A TOUCHY SUBJECT: THE TACTILE METAPHOR OF TOUCH

Author(s): Mirt Komel / Language(s): English / Issue: 82/2016

The article proposes an interpretation of metaphors and metaphoric discourse through the perspective of touch. The article first deals with metaphors of touch in the history of western philosophy (especially traditional metaphysics from Plato to Hegel) in order to produce an operative category of touch that will allow, in the second step, to grasp the tactile quality of the metaphors. If metaphors are usually (rhetorics, politics, literature) regarded as a specific form of language able to not only touch the subject matter in the most suitable way but also touch on the target subject (listener/reader), then it is precisely because there is a certain haptic quality involved in language itself, discernible especially in the discourse of those who know how to best exploit metaphors in their endeavours.

Acts of Translation - Acts of Interpretation: Paraphrasing and the Hermeneutics of Translating

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Author(s): Adriana-Cecilia Neagu / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2008

The study examines the act of translation and the exercise of paraphrasing positing the latter as a mode of enhancing language-processing skills. With paraphrasing seen as a key pre-translation step, the paper argues the case for its use in the translation classroom as a tool for refining reading comprehension and textual interpretive strategies, and consequently boosting performance in translation practice.

Affectivity, Hypochondria, and Piles. Biological Reasoning and Metaphors of Illness in the Hungarian History of Ideas

Author(s): Béla Mester / Language(s): English / Issue: 57supl./2012

“Illness as metaphor” has become a widespread expression used in writings of history of ideas, since its first appearance in the essay of Susan Sontag. The present paper offers an analysis of its use in the 19th-century Hungarian culture. At first, it is distinguished the use of diseases and bodily conditions as a cause of the author’s ideas in interpretations, from the illness-metaphors of S. Sontag, and from the body-metaphors of the early modernity. In the second part it is detailed the bodily self-reflection of the 19th-century Hungarian authors in context of the ideas incarnated in their works, and the images of their contemporaries, described by them, using bodily symptoms as causes of the ideas of their reviewed books. In the focus of the analysis are the memoirs of Gusztáv Szontagh, a distinguished critic of the second quarter of 19th century, edited by the author of this article for publication. Szontagh has used the patterns of the bodily determination of the ideas describing a large scale of authors, creating a New World made of words, only, in literature, philosophy, and politics. This complex system of ideas has lost its connections with the theory, and had become an element of the political rhetoric in the second half of the 19th century, and in the first half of the 20th century. An outlook for this afterlife is the topic of the epilogue of the present article.

Aktuelnost Nušićeve retorike

Author(s): Jovica Trkulja / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3-4/2014

Branislav Nušić belongs a small group of intellectuals in Serbia who were committed in their work on oratory and rhetoric. The result of that work is his book Retorika (Rhetoric) published in 1933. The author analyses in this paper 1) the place of Nušić’s Rhetoric in Serbian scholarship on oratory; 2) Effectiveness of Nušić’s combination of classical rhetoric and experiences of new applied rhetoric; 3) Topicality and relevance on Nušić’s rhetoric. Analysing virtue and disadvantages of Nušić’s book, the is the first modern textbook of rhetoric in Serbian language, that it has obtained numerous supporters in public opinion, and that it has remained the best-read handbook of applied rhetoric. With the book Nušić has left a lasting mark which is deep and relevant at the same time. He believes that his contribution to rhetoric is equal to his contribution to Serbian literature and theatre. In spite of some of its shortcomings and limits it has made an educative mission in Serbia. At the end the author points out that Nušić has very much contributed that rhetoric, as a skill of public appearance and ability of persuasion, becomes a foundation of ever increasing contemporary skills aiming at transmitting certain messages (adds), at making bridges of co-operation between different cultures, and at cultivating language and style of everyday life and public appearance (speech culture).

ALEXANDRU PHILIPPIDE AND THE TYPOLOGY OF RHETORIC FIGURES

Author(s): Gabriela Crăciun (Buican) / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 10/2017

The study focuses on classifying the rhetoric figures that appear in Alexandru Philippide’s poetry. The figures are defined, placed in a time context and eventually exemplified. Each rhetoric figure is shaped according to the poet’s thoughts and beliefs. The rhetoric figures are a mark of the poet’s style.

Aliens in Love: Testing Bloom’s Theory of the Anxiety of Influence

Author(s): Tõnis Parksepp / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

The article aims to test the universality of Harold Bloom’s theory of the anxiety of influence. Underneath Bloom’s favourite tropes (Kabbalistic, psychoanalytic, Shakespearean, Miltonian, Blakean etc.) lies a diachronic system of misreading, which can be useful in analysing texts without any direct connections between them. By comparing two culturally distant but rhetorically similar prose texts, Friedebert Tuglas’s short story At the End of the World (1915) and Stanisław Lem’s novel Solaris (1961), this article suggests that it is possible to overcome the accustomed boundaries of national literary histories. Both of these stories depict a communication error when humans are confronted with the unknown other. The texts have alternative figures describing the alien and similar tropes presenting the human. To explore the potentiality of figurative kinship between the two authors who are strangers to each other is not an ill-fated quest, but a search, which would eventually allow us to see some hidden patterns that literary studies usually miss.

AN ACTOR’S SPEECH TOOLS IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Author(s): Zane Daudziņa / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

In the 21st century, it is hard to imagine actors’ speech tools without technical aids. Society’s rapid adoption of life on the Internet furnished by modern technologies is creating a fast progressing explosion of knowledge. These new standards undoubtedly influence and determine the development of theatrical language, and thus actors’ speech.

Anaforički potencijal nekih lingvističkih sredstava u savremenom srpskohrvatskom jeziku

Author(s): Snežana Bilbija / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 2/1984

The central purpose of this article is to present some anaphoric processes in contemporary Serbo-Croat. The processes discussed are viewed only with respect to the linguistic context in which they are carried out either by means of proforms or null proforms. The term proform is used to cover such linguistic expressions as third person pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, certain adverbs etc. Null proforms are divided into two subtypes: the first includes cases arising from ellipsis under the condition of superficial identity between the antecedent segment and the segment to be anaphorized: the second covers cases which result from the deletion of constituents retrievable from the context. The possibility of free variation between some proforms and some null proforms is also mentioned in this article.