"Chvála básnického umenia" (Laudes artis poeticae, 1461) z pera Levočana Christophora Petschmessingsloera

Author(s): Mária Novacká / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2008

The article deals with the activities of an important fraternity of pastors from Spiš (Szepes, Zips) region founded in 1204 who resided in Levoča (Lőcse, Leutschau), especially with the work of one of its members, Christoph Petschmessingsloer. In addition to providing information on the life of the author of The Praise for the Art of Poetry (Laudes artis poeticae) from 1461, the study describes the circumstances of the origin of this work. The greatest attention is paid to an analysis of the text of this lecture on the art of poetry and an assessment of its rhetorical characteristics that represented an introduction to Satires by the Roman satirist Decimus Junius Juvenalis. For its first part, the poetic praise of art and poetry is characteristic; the second part speaks of rhetorical and poetic technique, verse forms together with terms of poetic expression. The work is concluded with a mythological story inspired by Ovid's Metamorphoses about nine muses that represent nine human activities and methods of the acquisition of knowledge.

Argomentazione: idee, problemi, interrogativi

Author(s): Artur Galkowski / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 43/2005

Artykuł jest głosem w dyskusji na temat znaczenia i zasięgu zjawisk związanych z procesem argumentacji w komunikacji językowej oraz wkładu tego procesu d o ogólnej charakterystyki dyskursu. Wyjście od założeń starożytnej myśli retorycznej, w szczególnym stopniu odnoszącej się do arystotelesowskiej sztuki mówienia, skłania do przybliżenia, a nawet włączenia teorii argumentacji do programu badawczego lingwistyki tekstu, której genotyp niewątpliwie zawiera klasyczne źródła. Stąd też teza o charakterystycznej koncepcji tekstualizacji korzystającej z technik argumentowania w wypowiedzi ustnej i/lub pisemnej oraz stanowiącej rodzaj dyskursu argumentacyjnego. Proces powstawania, emisji i odbioru tekstu o charakterze argumentacyjnym wpisuje się w szeroki plan zachowań społecznych. Argumentacja, podobnie jak retoryka klasyczna, zapewnia przekazywanej informacji głęboką i skuteczną logiczność, co przyczynia się do osiągnięcia pragmatycznego celu założonego przez twórcę/uczestnika aktu argumentacji. Charakter społeczny argumentacji sprawia, że większość praktyk językowych można rozpatrywać w kontekście ich funkcji argumentacyjnej lub metaargumentacyjnej. Funkcjonalność technik argumentowania gwarantuje w wielu sytuacjach zamierzony przebieg aktu mowy w planie illokucyjnym i perlokucyjnym. Argumentacja okazuje się wreszcie wyznacznikiem intencjonalności wypowiedzi, będąc tym samym jednym z ważniejszych elementów, które pozwalają się prefigurować i realizować w komunikacji językowej.

Ars bene dicendi w „Mowie na nabożeństwie żałobnym za ś.p. Henryka Sienkiewicza” wygłoszonej przez ks. Bolesława Wróblewskiego w kościele farnym w Wieluniu 27 XI 1916 r.

Author(s): Grzegorz Majkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 14/2014

W artykule ukazano retoryczne mechanizmy treści w Mowie na nabożeństwie żałobnym za ś. p. Henryka Sienkiewicza. Tekst ten został wygłoszony przez ks. Bolesława Wróblewskiego w kościele farnym w Wieluniu 27 XI 1916 r., w czasie trwania I wojny światowej. Nadawca odwołuje się do wartości narodowych i chrześcijańskich. Retoryczne mechanizmy treści ujawnione w tekście, to wspólnota świata, emocjonalność odbioru, uproszczone wartościowanie, bezalternatywność wyboru. W tekście perswazja dominuje nad informacją. Mowa na nabożeństwie żałobnym… jest nie tylko hołdem złożonym wybitnemu polskiemu pisarzowi – Henrykowi Sienkiewiczowi, ale także manifestacją uczuć patriotycznych. Jest tekstem, który należy do dyskursu żałobnego i jednocześnie w pełni wpisuje się w dyskurs religijno-patriotyczny. Decyduje o tym kontekst sytuacyjny (pierwsza wojna światowa) i społeczno-kulturowy.

Belâgat Kitaplarinda İstitbâ / İdmâc Sanatinin Tarif ve Tasnifi

Author(s): Muhittin Eliaçik / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 10/2017

In the rhetoric books are described literary arts under the ‘muhassinat-i lafziye and manewiya’ called with examples. In the section of bedi of this books literary arts has been described. In this books metonymy, metaphor, simile, allusion is described in the beyan part. Consisting of bedi, beyan, meani sections in the number of rhetoric books there has been a significant increase after the Tanzimat. The source of rhetoric books Siracuddin-i Sekkaki's Miftah and its summaries and commentaries has been. However, many new art are included in Miftah's commentaries and summaries. Although some rhetoric books have attempted to present their own descriptions and classifications, they have not usually gone beyond the main source. One of the literary arts located in rhetoric books also is istitba. This art has with this name in the Miftah and in its commentaries; however in some books has with name idmac. The fact that this art is included in only two of the Ottoman rhetoric books causes it to be regarded as an art that is not considered very much. In this article art of istitba will be examined in comparative form in the books of rhetoric.

Biblijne wzory osobowe jako tworzywo homiletyczne

Author(s): Ignacy Kosmana / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 15/2010

The article based on the studies of three authors (Benedict XVI, M. Baranowski (OFMConv), G. Ravasi) presents selected Biblical personal examples and shows how to use them as homiletic material. The selection is extended by the author’s personal reflection and gives some suggestions of topics. It also encourages the preachers to enhance spreading God’s word based on the splendid examples of Biblical figures. There is an abundant and illuminating pageant of figures.

Bułgarski język religijny / bułgarskie języki religijne? Zarys problemu

Author(s): Mariola Walczak-Mikolajczakowa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

The article shows a complicated religious situation in Bulgaria. In analytical part, the attention is drawn to characterization of Orthodox tradition of literary activity, so it can be compared to attempt of normalization of language (based on dialect so-called Paulicjanie), which was taken by Catholics in the turn of the XVIII and XIX century. Analyses of language which is used in our times by both Christian denominations indicate that nowadays the main difference between discourse, within Orthodox and Catholicism, depends on different, rhetorical orderliness of the text.

Cultures of Communication – Cultures de la communication

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Romania

Our creed

Cultures de la Communication / Cultures of communication reflects the constant concerns of the Department of Communication Studies, Faculty of Letters, University of Bucharest: to study in detail the structures, the functioning and the forms of communication, to participate in the international scientific movement which shares the results of research in the field of communication.

The very title of the journal proves that its editors, focusing their attention on the specificity of communication in different fields of the social practice, consider that only the diversity of points of view in their apprehension can lead to a general image of the matters in the respective fields. That is why they intend to bring in the journal’s pages researches on the theory of communication, researches on the different forms of communication, researches on historical manifestations of communication, etc., all of them from various perspectives.

Cultures de la Communication / Cultures of communication is therefore interested in publishing studies, chapters from doctoral theses, reviews, etc. coming from different cultures of the world having elaborated different cultures of communication; according to the journal, teaching is continually mutual.

Notre crédo

La revue Cultures de la Communication / Cultures of communication reflète des préoccupations constantes dans le Département des Sciences de la Communication de la Faculté des Lettres, Université de Bucarest: étudier en détail les structures, le fonctionnement et les formes de la communication, participer au mouvement scientifique international dans le domaine de la communication.

Le titre même de la revue montre que ses initiateurs, en prêtant attention aux spécificités des processus de communication dans divers champs de la pratique sociale, estiment que seule la diversité des points de vue puisse fournir une image appropriée des problématiques attachées aux domaines respectifs. C’est pourquoi ils se proposent d’attirer dans les pages de la revue des contributions en théorie de la communication, portant sur les diverses manières de communiquer, sur diverses hypostases historiques de la communication, etc.

La revue est intéressée à publier des études, chapitres de thèses de doctorat, comptes rendus, etc. témoignant de la diversité culturelle des approches de la communication et réalisés dans diverses cultures du monde ayant élaboré une diversité de cultures de la communication; d’après la revue, chacune peut offrir des enseignements à toutes les autres.

Dyskredytowanie oponentów politycznych za pomocą benefaktywnych aktów mowy – na podstawie analizy wystąpień posła w polskim parlamencie

Author(s): Magdalena Jurewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

The article presents methods of expressing put-downs in parliamentary speech in which the speaker uses so-called benefactive speech acts, including, among others, wishes. Based on an ironic statement by an opposition MP in the Polish parliament, it shows how an initially benefactive speech act can be changed into criticism of a political opponent, leading to a put down. The article also presents discussions from selected research papers by Polish academics containing definitions of wishes and problems with systematising these speech acts. Finally, a comparison is made of speeches in the Polish and German parliaments where, in material previously researched by the author, no instances of the ironic use of wishes to put down a political opponent were noted.

Ekspresja trajektorii w figurach wędrownych – próba kinetyczno-literackiej optyki

Author(s): Magdalena Skrzypczak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2014

The article undertakes the problem of the rhetoric of walking (particularly the way of walking), travelling, experiencing the space and – what is most important – wandering figures as literary and anthropological devices that can be used for analyzing and interpreting literary spaces as well as private trajectories and individual paths. In accordance with the literary and social research of Jean-Francois Augoyard, Michel de Certeau and Joanna Ślósarska, the main thesis of the article is that the figures of speech are the same for both the language and the space. In addition, the article is an attempt of checking whether the way of walking and “tasting” the space (step by step) could inspire new possibilities of interpretation. It tries to apply wandering figures in practice, which is exemplified by Description of a struggle (1912) – one of the earliest stories by Franz Kafka.

Eufemizmat në ligjërimin publik shqiptar dhe raporti i tyre me të vërtetën

Author(s): Gilman Bakalli / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 1/2016

In this essay we will discuss about how euphemisms are used to describe the reality. Knowing that euphemisms appear in different lingual structures, it is important to differentiate some of the main categories where they are used. Firstly we will analyze some of the main functions of euphemisms and after we will discuss on some lingual types, their role in the semantic change, their comparison with the discursive acts and at the end analyzing their relationship with the truth and falsity.

Funkcja paratekstu w prozie retorycznej (na przy- kładzie pism Jana Śniadeckiego)

Author(s): Magdalena Smolen-Wawrzusiszyn / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

The paratextuality is one of the transtextual relations distinguished in Gerard Genette’s typology. This relation is considered to be one of the most privileged area of pragmatic dimension of the work and its influence on the reader. According to Genette’s theory, paratexts are thought to be texts which surround a central text, i.e. titles, subtitles, intertitles, introductions, prefaces, editorial remarks etc. The article undertakes problems concerning functions of paratextual elements in the rhetorical prose as oriented to influence persuasively. As the research material there are taken journalistic writings and orations (i.e. applied rhetorical prose) of Jan Śniadecki – an outstanding representative of intellectual and cultural life at the turn of eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The analyzed paratextual units of texts (titles, subtitles, intertitles, and prefaces) enabled to observe that those units make a significant space in constructing rhetorical utterances – they introduce the reader into an atmosphere of rhetorical persuasion, and announce a tone and quality of discourse (polemicity, instructiveness, emotionality, and suggestiveness), as well as they signal persuasive strategies chosen by the author to realize aims of his utterances (e.g. self-creation of the sender through a topos of modesty, arguments appealing to experience and attitude of care).

Gde sada? Ko sada? Kada sada?

Author(s): Dejan Ilic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 63.9/2001

Pišući o postupcima koje autor može da upotrebi u nastojanju da svoj izmišljeni, prozni svet nametne čitaocima, odnosno da na neki način primora čitaoce da u taj svet poveruju, Vejn But u svojoj Retorici proze posebno pažljivo analizira roman Tristram Sendi Lorensa Sterna. Odbacujući primedbe pojedinih kritičara prema kojima Sternov roman jeste fragmentaran, nedovršen, vremenski ispreturan i isprekidan niz narativnih jedinica te mu otuda nedostaju jedinstvo i celovitost i ne može se drugačije opisati do kao “‘luda’, ‘puko čudačka’, ‘papazjanija svaštica’” (But, 1976: 245), But tvrdi da pažljivo oblikovan “glas”, odnosno lik pripovedača u Sternovom romanu stvara čvrstu osnovu na kojoj onda počiva i integritet fikcionalnog sveta Tristrama Sendija. […]

GHADA AMER SANATINDA YASAK HAZLAR

Author(s): Gülcan Senyuvali Demirtas / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 47/2018

Due to taboos in many societies, the female sexuality is a forbidden theme. According to the psychoanalysts, however, what is forbidden stimulates desire and this is why forbidden pleasures are more often yearned for. Some feminists furthermore refer to the abundance of female pleasures and endeavor to make this more visible. One can observe a quite similar approach towards constructing a rhetorical language in the work of Ghada Amer. In her work, Amer takes as her subject the female claiming her own pleasure, using quite a unique depictive style. At the same time, Ghada Amer’s work owes to the inheritance and nourishment she derives from numerous sources of cultural richness. The artist, besides employing text and script in various ways in her production and using visual excerpts from popular culture, makes also use of imagery from pornographic magazines or schoolbooks depicting drawings of women in various poses. This article aims to analyze the process of transformation of the female into a plastic language in the work of Ghada Amer as the subject, rather than the object, of desire.

Grecka historiografia antyczna

Author(s): Roman Krawczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2013

In the Greek world in the first millennium BC, historiography was mainly limited to tales about the past of one's own family and their relations with other families. In the beginning, these tales were passed down orally, and with time, they began to take written form. It was not until the beginning of the 5th century BC that we may speak of what we today understand as proper antique historiography. This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the author concentrates on the early stage of writing down tales about past events by Ionian logographers. In the second part, the output of the most prominent representatives of antique Greek historiography including Herodotus of Halicarnassus (490-425 BC), Thucydides of Athens (460-ca. 400 BC), Xenophon of Athens (432-353 BC) and Polybius of Megalopolis (200-ca. 118 BC) is analyzed. The third part of this paper describes two currents in antique historiography, namely, rhetorical and biographical historiography.

Introduction

Author(s): Virginia R. Dominguez / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

An introduction to this special issue of RIAS on walls, in light of President Trump’s proposal to build a tall and beautiful wall along the US-Mexico border and the multiple concerns it raises, this essay, like this issue of RIAS as a whole, provides comparative background on walls built at different times in the past and in different locations around the world, exploring their intended efficacy and questionable results, their transformation over time into sites of tourism, uncertain peace, and unstable truces. Raising questions about both rhetoric and materiality, it suggests that the matter does not just concern Trump’s views and policies but, rather, much more general views in the US toward Mexico and Mexicans. The essay raises the specters of both racism and imperialism in the rhetoric and proposals coming from the White House, and it seeks to use contributions from scholars in Italy, Israel, Mexico, the U.S., Hungary, South Korea, Denmark, and Canada to put it all in broader perspective.

Između retorike i poetike - Mustafa Novalić, Pobratimstvo

Author(s): Mirsad Kunic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 2/2005

Istorija mi diskursivnih praksi daje za pravo da pojmove retorika i poetika shvatam po potrebi kao oponentne po potrebi kao komplementne pojmove. Naime, ako u najkraćem retoriku definiram kao umijeće govora, onda ću, stavljajući na probu sopstveno retoričko umijeće, poetiku definirati kao – govor umijeća. Vremenom su se ova dva pojma približavala da bi strukturalisti sredinom XX stoljeća retoriku definitivno stavili u funkciju poetike.

KELIONĖS RETORIKA: PERSVAZIJOS INSTRUMENTAI LIETUVIŲ KELIONIŲ LITERATŪROJE

Author(s): Gabriele Gibaviciene / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 33(38)/2018

Rhetoric which in the context of this research is seen not only as a structure of text but also as a structure of thought is presented in the article as a new universal way of researching Lithuanian travel literature discourse. Three popular Lithuanian travel books are chosen for this research – Kelionė į Jeruzalę (Journey to Jerusalem, 1601) by Mikalojus Kristupas Radvila Našlaitėlis, Svečiuose pas 40 tautų (At the Company of 40 Nations, 1935–1936) by Matas Šalčius, and Sapnuoju, kad einu (Dreaming the Path, 2014) by Jokūbas Vilius Tūras. The article presents the research of three persuasion tools ethos, logos and pathos in Lithuanian travel literature and how they are involved in successful communication process. The article reveals exactly how trusting the author and presenting actual traveller’s experience is connected with stimulating audience’s emotions and what part in this process is taken by the journey itself. The article also analyses how the enthymeme is involved in achieving persuasion and how it captures traveller’s views, communication guidelines and common features of different travel texts.

Kurumsallaşma Sürecinde Retorik Stratejilerinin Rolü: Türkiye’de Sigortacılık Sektörünün Kurumsallaşması Üzerine Niteliksel Bir Analiz

Author(s): Mustafa Gökoglu,Erdem Kirkbesoglu,Sule Tuzlukaya / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the role and effectiveness of rhetorical strategies in the process of institutionalization. Rhetorical strategies present continuity with regard to institutionalization of certain social phenomena in society and are classified as Pathos, Logos and Ethos (Aristotle 1991). When considered from this point of view, institutional actors representing the important sections of the society produce effective texts through the discourse they use and ensure dissemination of the ideas regarding social phenomena they defend. In the study, insurance industry was taken into the scope of research to present in company with which rhetorical strategies institutionalization takes place. In accordance with the idea that different strategies might be dominant in different contexts, the findings put forth as a result of the study indicated that the institutionalization process in insurance sector followed the order of Pathos, Ethos and Logos strategies.

Lauriniho traktáty z hľadiska dobových kritérií literárnosti

Author(s): Erika Brtánová / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2008

The study deals with the treatise ‎work of the Nitra canon Johann Laurini of Račice from the first half of the 15th century. The author briefly makes clear Laurini's sympathy for the ideas of the Reformation and his interest in the opinions of Jan Hus. She focuses on the analysis of the most significant treatises from his literary work: Treatise on Bishop's Virtues and Treatise on Repentance; however, Laurini's authorship is not confirmed in the second case. The author assesses both texts from the point of view of their correspondence with the characteristics of treatise as a genre typical of that period – the classic aspects of which are subjectivity, straightforwardness and systematic ‎interpretation. Taking into account the significance of the rhetoric typical of those times as a key to understanding of biblical texts and teachings of doctrinal and ethical issues, she observes Laurini's approach and interpretation. Both treatises are in accordance with the understanding of the genre typical of that period. Treatise on Bishop's Virtues is a critical analysis of biblical pericope and perpetuates one of the preaching methods. Treatise on Repentance deals with an issue of a strictly church-legal nature and reminds us of confession by its reckoning of sins.

Les Fondaments Theologiques De La Rhetorique Arabe Entre Muʿtazilites et Achʿarites

Author(s): Abdessamad Belhaj / Language(s): French / Issue: 2/2007

Loin d’être une méthode conçue dans le but de persuader, la rhétorique arabe est liée à deux questions de prime importance pour la théologie islamique: les attributs de Dieu et l’inimitabilité du Coran. Dès lors, il est nécessaire d’aller chercher les origines de cette rhétorique dans les débats théologiques opposants les Muʿtazilites aux Achʿarites. La rhétorique a eu dans la pensée islamique la fonction de mettre en lien les mots et les sens comme la théologie se chargea de définir le lien entre l’essence et les attributs. Les Muʿtazilites, niant les attributs ont développé une conception de la rhétorique centrée autour des mots et de leur usage dans la langue arabe. Quant aux Achʿarties, affirmationnistes qu’ils sont, ont accordé l’importance aux sens et à leur dépassement de l’usage fait de la langue. L’influence greco-chrétienne s’est faite inviter dans ces débats, particulièrement chez les Achʿarites, par l’intermédiaire du concept du kalām nafsī , notion stoïcienne de parole intérieure précédant la parole extérieure.