THE STRATEGY, THE OPERATIVE AND TACTICAL ART IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FUTURE SECURITY POLICY
The approach is based on an implicit and explicit paradigm, on a model accepted by the most Romanian and foreign theoreticians and practitioners.
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The approach is based on an implicit and explicit paradigm, on a model accepted by the most Romanian and foreign theoreticians and practitioners.
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Security through cooperation is a long-debated topic lately. Especially after the end of the Cold War, it has become a major concern of all the interested leaders or the ones responsible for the humankind’s present and future and therefore occupies a privileged place on the international relations’ agenda. The practical successes – as Romania is an exponent and example of achieving security through cooperation – have overcome the theoretical approaches and the conceptual development. Although there is no consistent definition, one to be unanimously accepted, the security through cooperation term has gained lately lots of meanings and significances. The meanings and significances used both by the Western and the Romanian literature investigate the topic and increase the utility of the conceptual fundament for analysts, strategists, researchers but especially for the decision-makers involved in foreign affairs, security and defence.
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Aujourd’hui, le terrorisme représente un phénomène global. C’est pourquoi la lutte contre lui doit être mené de tous les pays du monde. Pourtant, „la réponse” donnent aux attentats terroristes doit être l’un adéquat a la situation et non le produit de l’affectivité des uns dirigeants des Etats. Les effets des erreurs faits quant au combat contre le terrorisme global, après les attentats du 11.09.2001, ressentiraient pendant le temps par tout le monde.
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Le déroulement des événements de l’Afghanistan préoccupe la communauté internaţionale. Voila pourquoi celle-la s’implique active et responsable dans la solution des problèmes de ce pays. La mission ISAF constitue la modalité concrète par la quelle s’agit en Afghanistan pour stabiliser de la situation et instaurer la paix. Son succès dépende de beaucoup de variables et des facteurs intérieurs et étrangers.
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Another country that has a surprising evolution in the Asia-Pacific region is North Korea as it survived to major challenges coming both from interior and from exterior (the crumbling of the Berlin Wall, the demise of the Soviet Union the end of the Cold War, spreading famine, natural disasters, and the death of Kim Il Sung) and, with its nuclear and missile brinkmanship programme it has drown the attention of the entire international community upon itself. Although the country was confronted with famine during the 90s and although it has faced a constant economic deficit for the last ten years, although its natural resources are diminishing and it has serious agriculture problems, North Korea has managed to contradict all the predictions regarding its dissolution, for now. Using its nuclear policy, it has become a focus of regional and global prime-time coverage, posing security risks to its neighbours. Therefore, no one of these neighbours presumes that, during an intervention, North Korea would surrender quietly without provoking a huge mess, a mess that no outside neighbouring power would be willing to clean up. North Korea survives in a region with powerful neighbours by cultivating an image of power and irrationality at the international level, as a result of its own military power indicator and its own nuclear policy.
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The Host-Nation Support (HNS) is the one of the essential NATO member state’s participation elements to peace, crises and war, to national and collective defence operations, to stability and civil emergencies, according with the capabilities it disposes of. In the collective defence effort, that comprises the totality of the taken measures and undertaken actions by the inter-allied military structures for delaying, stopping or rejecting the aggressor, HNS represents a very important factor that rises the Romania’s share as a Host-Nation (HN) and, implicitly, its army’s to the missions accomplishment by the Alliance’s forces.
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The cooperation security pattern consists of the four concentric circles: the nucleus or the first ring is the individual security, and the other circles are: the collective security, collective defence and the stability promotion. The collective security and collective defence stood to the base of League of Nations, UN, OSCE, and NATO creation, but only NATO succeeded, in facto, to operate efficacious and efficient in all the fourth security circles. The collective security and the national security are two concepts situated in interdependency. Collective security serves to national security and defence, and the national security is, at its turn, essential for the collective security and defence.
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The challenges to security studies that result from the development of a new international background are obvious: the global emergence of new threats has proved the inefficiency of older concepts. The presence and the amplitude of all those risks, dangers, and threats lead to an approach focused on security in globalization and to an emphasis of the security – insecurity antonomy’s artificiality
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One of the East-European media capital sins is turning politics into a show, in support of glamour politics. But show-politics cannot develop political effort or its efficiency, contributing to the democracy’s crises proliferation. Meantime, media ignores or superficially focuses on the major contemporary issues like national and social stability and security, state integrity, democratization of society, reality in conflict areas, etc.
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The Hamas victory in legislative elections dated January 2006 and the attitude of the new leadership against the Israeli state and Palestinian territories as well as the position of Israel against a government dominated by Hamas continue to cause worries in the international community and to put under the question mark the continuity of the peace process road map implementation in the Middle East. This is proved by the very reactions and warnings of some important international organizations and leaders.
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The new US National Security Strategy is the updated version of the one from 2002, which takes into account the changes emerged in the intern and international security environment. The major elements analyzed in this paper are: new global challenges; the threat of Iran’s actions; importance of the globalization and extension of the global economy; reinforce of the preemption principle; and foreign relations development.
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The world we are living in transforms and reshapes itself continuously. The confrontation strategies are replaced by partnership strategies, expressed in political and economical cooperation, in actions of international crises and conflict management. One of the areas where this trend is primarily represented is the Wider Black Sea Area, a region of strategic opportunity, which should be characterized by prosperity, stability and security. The integration of the Wider Black Sea Area within the Euro-Atlantic system could not only consolidate the foundation of this system, but also protect it against the future threats to stability and peace, which represents, in our opinion, the top priority of the moment.
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Within OSCE, threats and conflicts are in a permanent transformation, their nature being very diverse. The tools used by the organisation to solve the conflicts and potential conflicts are numerous. We can see very clearly that the low efficiency of the own approaches derives from the tasks extension and the restriction of financial possibilities and also from the obstruction of some member states through their right of veto in adopting important decisions. The new OSCE activity demands a more determined action and involvement of the OSCE states especially the big ones, efforts to strengthen the organisation, to enlarge the cooperation of the security organisations, more determined approaches to permanently use means politically coordinated by all member states, as stipulated in the European Security Charter.
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Peut-on parler d’une dynamique en ce qui concerne ce triptyque de plus en plus complexe: politique-stratégique-tactique ? Ce triptyque estil, souvent et, surtout, surprenant, changeable, comme est, généralement, la politique et tant de choses, des activités et des événements de la très complique vie des hommes? Certainement, le réponse ne peut être que affirmatif, même si, nolens-volens, ces questionnes naissent toujours des doutes et des incertitudes. Bien que la stratégie soit, en essence, une manière de mettre en œuvre une décision – d’habitude, une décision politique –, et ça suppose flexibilité, voir fluidité, elle aura toujours une structure de résistance qui lui confère durabilité, endurance et stabilité, des éléments composants qui se combinent fractale et aléatoire, lui donnant une architecture spécifique, force artistique et personnalité. Peut-on considérer la tactique – en sa qualité de fondement de n’importe quelle stratégie et, finalement, de n’importe quelle politique –, un pic de lance de ce triptyque qui devient de plus en plus consonnant et indestructible?
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Globalisation is a complex, dynamic, multifaceted process – both positive and negative – according to the decisions taken by the big powers of the world that might help humankind to develop in a new international security architecture, in a world of peace. During this process, people have to respect each other and accept the co-existence with all religions and cultures and especially to leave behind all that separates them in order to stress out what makes them similar. Today but especially in the close future the global society will have the capacity to understand the need to take some global decisions, by the structures responsible for global decisions, in order to solve out the global humankind issues.
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North and South seem to have different visions on the security challenges – one concerned by terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, other by poverty and underdevelopment. The new worldwide insecurity factors as terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, unsolved conflicts, criminality, environment problems, etc., alongside new conflicts physiognomy as ethnic disputes, guerrilla war or others low intensity conflicts, determined changes in the organization and structure of forces, way of action, technique and fight means.
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The world is in a period of continuous and profound transformations, as a result of the change from an organizational type to other, totally different and with other bases as the latest. This reality brings a vulnerability state of societies to multiple risks, dangers and threats regarding their national security. Moreover, we assist to a complex process for reconstruction of our cultural, ethnical and religious identity. This process is characterized by two major tendencies: fissure effect and confluence effect. There are spaces where one’s effects are manifesting or even both simultaneously, which can lead to some acute asymmetrical states apparition. The purpose of the national defence policy is the discouraging any aggression aiming the state, and if one is generated, the preservation by military means of the fundamental national interests.
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Trait essentiel, définitoire de toute la pensée et de l’action politique et militaire roumaine le long de l’histoire, l’aspect défensif est caractéristique, évidemment, dans le développement de son aviation. La dimension stratégique défensive est présente aussi pendant l’époque contemporaine, dans le nouveau contexte défini par l’appartenance de la Roumanie à l’OTAN. Les missions à distance, en dehors de l’espace aérien roumain, impliquent seulement une composante logistique (le transport des troupes de maintien de la paix dans les/rentrent des théâtres d’opérations et support logistique général). Entre les deux guerres, sur les mêmes coordonnées stratégiques constamment défensives, la Roumanie a eu une contribution importante dans le domaine de l’aviation.
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Analyzing the military system as an economical one and taking into account its logistical and financial functions, determining the planning and the use of specific resources required for achieving the established objectives, we propose a new and modern approach, an economical-managerial one for generating and using the resources by prospeconomy - the economy of management. This scientific approach will lead to the optimization of any system.
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Using as a starting point the studies on ad terror conducted along the years by researchers (Wilkinson, 1977; Martha, Middletonwn, & Wesleyan, 1983; Wardlaw, 1989; Wieviorka, 1993; Wilkinson, 1997; Ganor, Ehrlich, Garcin-Morrou, 2001; Shay, 2002; Silver, 2002; Chermak, 2003; Delcea, 2004; Toma, 2004; Odorogea, 2004; Angheluş and Vescan, 2005) we took a critical approach on statements and theories on ad terror. As a result of this analysis we made an experiment in order to capture the negative emotional effect on the public as a media consumer and the cognitive and behaviour dysfunctionalities as provoked by advertised terror in the media.
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