Terör ve Şiddet Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Çalışma

Author(s): Murat Sarı / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

This article deals with terrorism and terrorist violence. Terrorism has been a phenomenon that has been continuing its existence for centuries, although it has undergone qualitative changes in each period. Although terrorism changes qualitatively in every period, the only thing that does not change in terrorism is violence. Because violence is the basic building block of terrorism. Terrorist organizations try to get people or groups to do what they want by intimidating, threatening and intimidating them with the elements of violence they use. Terrorism is also an excellent tool to achieve the targeted end of violence. Terrorism is also an excellent tool to achieve the targeted end of violence. In a way, it can be said that the existence of terrorism depends on violence. If there is violence, there is terrorism, if there is no violence, there is no talk of terrorism. This study has the nature of a conceptual study. In the study, the concepts of terrorism and violence are handled conceptually and the relations of these two concepts with each other are examined in all details.

Uvod, Julianne Funk, Nancy Good & Amra Delić

Author(s): Julianne Funk,Nancy Good,Amra Delić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Uvjerene smo da održivi mir ne može postojati bez rada na liječenju od traume nakon nasilja. Osim toga, trauma koja se ne transformira ostaje zarobljena i često prelazi u novo nasilje. Navedene tvrdnje su temelji ove knjige, kao i konferencije iz koje je ona proizišla: “Trauma, pamćenje i ozdravljenje na Balkanu i šire”. Konferencija je održana u bosanskohercegovačkoj prijestolnici, Sarajevu 2016. godine i ugostila je međunarodne i domaće naučnike/ce i praktičare/ke iz širokog spektra disciplina, što se vidi i u poglavljima. U radu su ozbiljno razmatrani priroda i uloga traume, kao i prilike za izgradnju mira u različitim kontekstima – uključujući poslijeratne države nastale raspadom Jugoslavije – ali i prepreke tomu. I u Zborniku su razmatrana ista pitanja, s fokusom na Bosnu i Hercegovinu (BiH) jer je nedvojbeno najteže pogođena raspadom Jugoslavije devedesetih godina.

Svjetski etos kao izazov za društveni i međureligijski dijalog

Author(s): Günther Gebhardt / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Za mene predstavlja čast i radost što s vama ovdje u Sarajevu smijem podijeliti nekoliko svojih misli o svjetskom etosu i dijalogu. Obojici sam svojih prijatelja, prof. Mati Zovkiću i Alenu Kristiću, veoma zahvalan za ovaj poziv na Katolički bogoslovni fakultet. U mojoj svijesti Sarajevo nije samo grad užasne patnje kako smo se to nedavno ponovno mogli podsjetiti također i u njemačkim medijima. Za mene Sarajevo prije svega posjeduje i auru grada dijaloga. Vjerojatno se ni u jednom gradu svijeta, čak niti u Jeruzalemu, na tako uskom prostoru kao ovdje jedna pored druge ne nalaze džamija, sinagoga, katolička i pravoslavna crkva. A koliko znam iz pripovijesti mojih prijatelja, međureligijsko su susjedstvo i suživot u Sarajevu pred rat bili razumljivost sama po sebi sve do u obitelji. Večeras bih svim ljudima želio pružiti nekoliko misaonih poticaja i pobuda koje se ne zanimaju samo za veoma važnu materijalnu i socijalnu obnovu Sarajeva nego, već godinama, i za ponovnu izgradnju društvenog i međureligijskog dijaloga na ovom mjestu.

Odgoj za mir u monoteističkim religijama

Author(s): Mato Zovkić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Nisam religijski pedagog, nego katolički bibličar koji se bavi međureligijskim dijalogom. Odgoj odraslih židova, kršćana i muslimana za mirno življenje s onima koji drugačije vjeruju najviše se događa na tjednom i blagdanskom bogoslužju. Tu slavimo Božje milosne zahvate i učimo se ponašati u skladu s vjerom u Boga Stvoritelja koji nas je obdario razumom i slobodom. Iz ovog vida bilo bi veoma zanimljivo govoriti o teologiji obrednih molitava za muslimane petkom1 , o šabatu za židove2 i o Danu Gospodnjem za kršćane3 . Međutim, Lađa je namijenjena vjeroučiteljima i eventualno drugim pedagozima vjerničke orijentacije pa ćemo o ovoj temi razmišljati imajući na umu te čitatelje i one kojima oni pomažu ljudski i vjernički sazrijevati.

Procesi pomirenja u BiH: rodna/e perspektiva/e

Author(s): Zlatiborka Popov Momčinović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

This paper analyzes from the feminist position the interpellation of gender and practices of reconciliation in the context of B&H society, within the framework of research as resistance from the poststructuralist theory of margins. This paper is based on researches conducted by the author herslef, as well as recent researches and theoretical elaborations concerning the place and role of women in reconciliation processes, their achievements, initiatives and controversies in the context of ethno‐nationalist production of "knowledge" through ethnonationalized (new) speech, as well as existing practices of shallow pacification. The paper lays special emphasis on contribution of women in peacemaking activities in the period before, during and after the war, and who were systematically sidelined to the margins by systematic reducing of feminine to passivity. But as such, they represent the niches and points of resistance and deflection whose power lies in the impossibility of their top‐down cooptation.

Skuteczność polityk odstraszania w teatrze europejskim w świetle doświadczeń sojuszników USA doby wojny o Ukrainę i II zimnej wojny

Author(s): Grzegorz Nycz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The chapter discusses the problem of adequacy of adopted and modified for the sake of XXI century capacities to defend NATO East flank (European Deterrence Initiative) in the context of the ongoing Russia-West crisis since 2014. Relations between the U.S. and Russia (with an impact on the outcome of the Ukraine contest) were to a large degree under a pressure of the post-Cold War arms control agreements, a part of which referring to intermediate range ballistic missiles and conventional forces were made inactive before the Russian aggression in Ukraine of 2022. Under the conditions of the crisis of the New Cold War the security policies of Western powers were subject to revision connected with the challenge to its liberal concept of international order, as well as in the light of the challenge to earlier balance of power in Europe formed under the leadership of the U.S. and NATO, sharply put into question by Russia. The chapter analyses the budgetary dimension of the Western defense aid to Ukraine and instruments of supporting NATO East flank with an eye on newly formed challenges in the time of Ukraine war, including a threat to European and international energy security.

Ewolucja koncepcji „szczególności Arktyki” w kontekście wpływu wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej na sytuację międzynarodową na Dalekiej Północy (luty–grudzień 2022)

Author(s): Przemysław Piotr Damski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

For thirty years since the end of the Cold War, the Arctic, and the international regime there have been characterised as “exceptional”. However, there have been many definitions of “Arctic exceptionalism” and it is difficult to identify one to which all states in the region subscribe. At the same time, the concept was changing over time and adapting to new conditions, right up to the Russian aggression against Ukraine on 24 February 2022. Crucial to this was the policy of Russia and the United States, the only global powers that are Arctic states which, until the war in Ukraine, respected the norms and principles developed for the Arctic based on trust. The aggression against Ukraine undermined Russia’s credibility and highlighted how divergently the various Arctic players understood “exceptionalism”. As a result, Western states began to rally around the US and isolate Russia by depriving her, at least for a time, of her “territory of negotiations”. In response, they were met with military demonstrations designed to induce them to return to the status quo ante bellum. However, this has not been successful, has led to a strengthening of the US position in the region and has cast doubt on the continuation of the “exceptionalism” in its current form.

Bolt’s paradigm of strategic communications

Author(s): Neville Bolt / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Strategic communicators inhabit a world of tensions. These act as forces which not only push and pull against each other; they define themselves against one other. Hence they are symbiotic: the one cannot exist without the other.

Рискове за етнорелигиозния мир при бедствия, кризи и извънредни ситуации

Author(s): Evgeni Petrov Manev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the main theoretical assumptions about the Bulgarian ethnic model, its principled connection with the cultural model and ethnoreligious relations. In this perspective, some important, risks for the violation of ethnоreligious tolerance and peace in the state are also considered. The principled connection for these processes with disasters, crisis and emergencies situations have been analyzed.

Ислямът: митове за заплаха на сигурността в Европа

Author(s): Asen Kolev Asenov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The topic of Islam is extremely relevant for Europe because it directly affects the security and existence of the continent. Before evaluating and analyzing Islam, one must know the theology of the religion, as claimed by the famous Islamic scholar D. Exposito. Glenn Beck takes an opposite negative position. All three monotheistic religions – Judaism, Christianity and Islam – have passed through the stage of violence. Islam has a number of specific manifestations in European countries that must be taken into account as they are closely related to their social peace and security.

Възможни последици за стабилността на Западните Балкани от украинско-руския конфликт

Author(s): Yordan Ivanov Bakalov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Russia can easily continue to destabilize the region and sabotage the desire of the countries of the region to become members of the European Union, which they have long sought.The Western Balkans could become a source of trouble if Moscow tries to further destabilize the region as a result of the war in Ukraine. Russia considers both Ukraine and the Western Balkans as a buffer zone, where it can maintain spheres of influence and through them undermine the EU.

Влияние на войната в Украйна върху организацията и управлението на руските въоръжени сили

Author(s): Plamen Nikolov Bogdanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyzes the organizational structure and command and control system of the Russian armed forces in the 21st century. The organization and chains of command established within the Russian military forces involved in the war in Ukraine, which began in February 2022, are explored and how they change over the course of hostilities. Conclusions are made about the reasons for these changes.

Толерантността в етнорелигиозните отношения – фактор за националната сигурност

Author(s): Atanaska Ivanova Tuntova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The majority of countries in the world include several ethnicities. Bulgaria is no exception to this fact. It is a task for each country individually to ensure conditions for life and development that do not cause conflicts between different ethnic groups. Ethnic groups are one of the forms of existence of the human community, which is faced with the manifestations of globalization, and this necessitates taking measures to ensure the security of citizens and the state. Modern legislation, both Bulgarian and international, enshrines the right of every citizen to define himself by nationality and religion, without violating the rights of other citizens and the sovereignty and integrity of the state.

POJAM BEZBJEDNOSTI SA OSVRTOM NA TRADICIONALNE I SAVREMENE KONCEPTE MEĐUNARODNE BEZBJEDNOSTI

Author(s): Ognjen Sredojević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sadržaj ovog rada treba da ukaže na ostvarivanje novih i savremenih oblika ugrožavanja kako ljudske bezbednosti, tako i međunarodne bezbjednosti u različitim sferama društva. Pojam savremenog ugrožavanja odnosi se na iskorištavanje sistema otvorenih granica, neprilagođenosti državnih i bezbednosnih sistema, slabu efikasnost državnih i međunarodnih institucija, korištenje savremene tehnologije, komunikacije, edukacije, nedovoljnu saradnju organa na nacionalnom, regionalnom i međunarodnom nivou i drugo. U tom pravcu, rad razrađuje pojavne indikatore i nove oblike narušavanja ljudske, nacionalne, pa tako i imeđunarodne bezbjednosti, izazivanjea nestabilnosti i daljih promjena segmenata društva. Kao osnovne razloge narušavanja bezbjednosti ovaj rad definiše društvene izvore ugrožavanja, koji se negativno reflektuju na ljudski faktor, a odnose se na nacionalna, religiozna, profesionalna i lična suprotstavljanja u društvu, društvenu neusaglašenost, razvoj kulture, edukacije, vođenje politike, međunarodne odnose i status subjekata i drugih aspekata. Ukazujući na značaj pojave opasnosti, odnosno izazova, rizika i prijetnji kako po bezbjednost društva, tako i opasnost po bezbjednost međunarodne zajednice, postoji realna procjena da ljudski faktor ima značajnu ulogu u pojavi motivisanosti i sprovođenju pojave novih oblika ugrožavanja bezbjednosti. Novi izazovi, rizici i prijetnje u današnjem savremenom „digitalnom“ dobu ogledaju se u vidu oružane agresije, separatističkih težnji pojedinih nacionalističkih i vjerskih ekstremističkih grupa, protivpravnog i jednostranog proglašenja nezavisnosti određenih teritorija, a koje su u sastavu međunarodno priznatih država, oružanih pobuna, sporova sa upotrebom oružja, novih pojavnih oblika savremenog terorizma, proliferacije oružja za masovno uništenje, nacionalnog i vjerskog ekstremizma, strane obaveštajne djelatnosti, organizovanog kriminaliteta, korupcije, problema ekonomskog razvoja, ugrožavanja energetske bezbjednosti, neravnomjernog privrednog i demografskog razvoja, neriješenih statusa i položaja izbjeglih, prognanih i interno raseljenih lica, nekontrolisanog trošenja prirodnih resursa i ugrožavanja životne sredine, posljedica elementarnih nepogoda i tehničkih i tehnoloških nesreća, kao i ugrožavanje životne sredine i zdravlja građana, opasnosti povezane sa pojavljivanjem i širenjem infektivnih bolesti kod ljudi i zaraza kod životinja, narkomanije, destruktivnog delovanja pojedinih vjerskih sekti i kultova, visokotehnološkog kriminaliteta i ugrožavanja informacionih i telekomunikacionih sistema i globalnog zagrijevanja.

JE LI SE SOŠKU FRONTU MOGLO OBRANITI I UZ MANJE ŽRTAVA? RAZLIČITA MIŠLJENJA O BOROJEVIĆEVIM STRATEŠKIM OPCIJAMA NA JUGOZAPADNOJ FRONTI 1915.–1918.

Author(s): LOVRO GALIĆ / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Already during the First World War, and then in the years up to the Second World War, different, and very critical, views were expressed about the methods that General (and from January 1918 Marshal) Borojević chose and obstinately implemented for two and a half years when repelling the increasingly fierce Italian assaults on the Isonzo front. The expertise of those who hold such views cannot be denied, and considerations of alternative strategic or at the very least, tactical options have made their way to very objective scholarly works, such as, for example, ÖULK. However, one of Borojevićʼs biographers (E. Glaise v. Horstenau) pointed out an irrefutable fact: the defence was successful, and in war the individual who achieves success is ultimately deemed to have been right! The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how much freedom to choose Borojević actually had, and which of the aforementioned objections had valid grounds. The proposed alternative options must be weighed not only in the light of possible reduction of own losses with equal (or even greater) effectiveness of defence, but also with regard for the influence of the military, moral and political situation experienced by the enemy of the time – Italy. This is why there is a brief illustration of the military/political situation of both opponents on the eve of the war, the defence measures taken (or not!), the Austro-Hungarian Monarchyʼs plans for a defensive war on the Italian front, and—because this was not psychologically insignificant—Borojevićʼs command style in operations on the north-eastern front (first as corps commander and then army commander). This critical examination is not intended to, nor can it, diminish the historical dimension of Marshal Borojević, who occupies one of the most honoured positions in the pantheon of major Croatian military leaders.

USPOREDBA STUDIJA STJEPANA SARKOTIĆA I STUDIJA CONRADA VON HÖTZENDORFA O PRETPOSTAVLJENOM SUKOBU NA TALIJANSKOM BOJIŠTU SA STVARNIM DOGAĐAJIMA KOJI SU SE ZBILI OD 1915. DO 1917. GODINE

Author(s): Dinko ČUTURA / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Sarkotić was a general staff-educated officer, and his views were purely military: taking into account the geographic features of the future theatre of war, the balance of forces, transit ties and the impact of weapons, he proposed the appropriate measures for both the offensive and defensive stance of his own forces. In this regard, his analysis of usable routes was more precise and consequential than that of Conrad, and the war proved him right! He agrees entirely with Conrad in seeing the Tyrolean Sharpshooters as the principal force to defend the borders, and in the formation of garrison troops. Sarkotić expressed better consideration of logistics than Conrad. Conrad exaggerated somewhat in his views of a general offensive, setting aside an entire corps for an assault over the Plöckenpass. Knowing that even the Germans did not manage to take this fortification in 1917, it is difficult to believe that Plöckenpass could have been used to oversee an entire corps in the decisive first phase. In this third study, Conrad did not even consider an Italian attack from the east, but this is precisely what happened in 1915! Conrad and Sarkotić had the same view of the offensive from Southern Tyrol, i.e. it had to proceed from Bassan. Conrad dedicated more attention to the task of the “Pustertal group” and wartime events bore this out. Both authors showed that they were under the thrall of the doctrines of the time: advancement in valleys is only possible if the high ground on both sides is secured in advance; if there are alpine passes, they will be used militarily. It was in fact the South Tyrol offensive and the Twelfth Battle which showed that more robust units could advance in combat even in very difficult mountainous terrain, while the real problem was artillery mobility and logistics! Both authors displayed a visionary understanding of new transport means that would enable the move away from the monopoly of rail as the main artery of supply lines. Sarkotić’s study has particular value for evoking the psyche of the Italian general staff. To be sure, it is incomplete—the author’s subconscious appreciation of the Plateau comes to the fore—but his calculations are entirely correct and his conclusions are logical. And they were confirmed by wartime operations in that region in 1915-1918.

FELDMARŠAL SVETOZAR BARUN BOROEVIĆ OD BOJNE NA MEDALJAMA

Author(s): Ivan Mirnik / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Svetozar Boroević (Umetić, 13. XII. 1856 – Klagenfurt, 23. V. 1920) wurde während drei Jahren des Ersten Weltkrieges (1915-1917) auf etlichen Medaillen, Plaketten und Abzeichen, welche man zu Woltätigkeitszwecken (z.B. für das Kriegsfürsorgeamt) verkaufte, verewigt. Seine militärische Laufbahn entwickelte sich in folgenden Stufen: Korporal, VIII. 1872.; Feldwebel, VII. 1873.; Kadett, XI. 1874.; Leutnant, 1. V. 1875.; Oberleutnant, V. 1880.; Hauptmann 1. Kl., V. 1886.; Major, V. 1892.; Oberstleutnant, 1. V. 1895.; Oberst, XI. 1897.; Generalmajor, V. 1904.; Feldmarschalleutnant, 8. V. 1908.; General der Infanterie, 28. IV. 1914.; Generaloberst, V. 1916. und schliesslich Feldmarschall, 1. V. 1918. In der ganzen Oesterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie war er einer der wenigen nicht deutschen Feldmarschalle, oder aus den Reihen der kaiserlichen Familie. Am 2. V. 1905. wurde im vom Kaiser Franz Joseph I. kroatisch-ungarischer Adel verliehen, mit dem Prädikat “von Bojna” (Bojna ist ein Dorf im ehemaligen Bezirk Glina, in der Vewaltunggemeinde Maja, des Comitates Zagreb. Als Svetozar Boroević vom seligen Kaiser Karl in der Promotion vom 2. VI. 1917. mit dem Komturkreuz der Maria-Theresia-Ordens ausgezeichnet wurde, wurde er ipso facto Baron. Auf Medaillen und Plaketten, sowie Abzeichen, kann man nur einen Teil seiner Laufbahn folgen. So trägt er die Rangstufen eines Feldmarschalleutnants, eines Generals der Infanterie und eines Generalobersten. Als er Feldmarschall wurde, hatte man andere Sorgen, als Medaillen zu prägen. Dann kam das Kriegsende und die Zerstückelung der Monarchie. Die und bekannten Medaillen sind Werke sehr guter Meister, geprägt bei renommierten Prägeanstalten in Oesterreich und Deutschland. Für einige Abzeichen bleiben uns die Medailleüre vorläufig unbekannt. Der einzige bedeutende Bildhauer, der Svetozar Boroević auf einem Relief porträtiert hat, war der Kroate Robert Frangeš-Mihanović.

SABLJA FELDMARŠALA BOROJEVIĆA

Author(s): Tomislav ARALICA / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In this work, the author describes the ceremonial sabre that Field Marshal (at the time Infantry General) Svetozar Borojević was given by his subordinate officers in the general staff of the Fifth Army (the so-called Isonzo Army), of the Habsburg armed forces, on 2 December 1916 after the successful completion of the critical Ninth Battle on the Isonzo (Soča) River. The sabre corresponds to the type that infantry officers in the Austro-Hungarian armed forces carried under designation M.1861. This designation is somewhat imprecise because after 1861—without any specific regulation being passed—the older M.1850 infantry officer sabre began to be worn in the manner of the M.1861 cavalry sabre. A detailed regulation on the appearance of infantry officer sabres only followed in 1871. These sabres were used until the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918. Borojević’s sabre has back reinforcement on the grip and a cross-guard made of iron with engraved decorations depicting laurel branches, on which some details are gilded. The damask cutting edge bears the gilded inscriptions Die Isonzo-Armee Ihrem Fürer and 2. Dezember 1916. The pommel bears the seal of the blade’s producer: WEYERSBERG KIRSCHBAUM CIE SOLINGEN. The iron sheath has ring-shaped hanging loops decorated in the same fashion as the hilt, while the insignia of the Isonzo Army was affixed just below the sheath’s mouth. All iron components of the sabre are burnished to a black-blue shine. The author cites analogies to this example, and provides data on damask blades and their production, and describes the history and variants of the insignia of the Isonzo Army.

CRITICAL REMARKS AND ACTIVITIES OF WOMEN IN BLACK RELATED TO THE DRAFTING OF THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN (NAP) FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UN SC R 1325

Author(s): / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

FEMINIST-ANTIMILITARIST ALTERNATIVES

Author(s): Staša Zajović,Ivana Vitas,Marijana Stojčić,Miloš Urošević / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0