Концептосфера відображення впливогенної проблематики в умовах консцієнтальної війни як складової гібридної агресії Росії проти України

Author(s): Nataliia Vashchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 22/2017

Despite the fact that the hybrid war in the east of Ukraine has been going on for more than three years, the support of the aggressor by Ukrainian citizens not only in the Donbas and Crimea, but in other regions of Ukraine remains significant. This means that in today’s hybrid aggression of Russia against Ukraine, the consciental war continues playing a leading role aimed at maintaining and contagion of pro-Russian sentiments among the Ukrainian citizens. This research proposes the sphere of concepts that represents impact-generating issues in terms of consciental war as a component of Russia’s hybrid aggression against Ukraine. To achieve this objective, namely to create this sphere of concepts, we applied the following research methods and implemented the following tasks: using the empiric method and the method of scientific generalization we determined the purpose and tasks of Russia’s consciental war against Ukraine and its risks and consequences for Ukraine; we outlined how through archetypes as transmitters of national identity in terms of a consciental war the distinction of clear separation between “friend-enemy”, destruction of spiritual values and the ability of a person to free self-identification and, as a result, a confrontation between citizens who represent the Ukrainian and the Soviet identities take place. Using the logical methods of induction, deduction and generalization we defined the concepts of impact-generating issues on the basis of Anti-Maidan neologisms, which, having archetypal nature, evoke Enemy Image, form an image of identity alien to Ukraine and pander to conflicts in public consciousness. We proved that the chosen concepts belong to unreal (mythical) sphere and correspond to the key myth of Russian propaganda – “Russia won a victory over fascism” and therefore they have the most powerful potential impacting on subconscious in terms of a consciental war. Given that division over the basic political issues still remains in the society, the sphere of concepts that provides insight into impact-generating issues as the main result of this study is in special focus, as it provides an opportunity to understand a mechanism of mind control through archetypes in terms of the contemporary consciental war of Russia against Ukraine, and also to understand the nature of challenges which Ukraine is facing to and as a result – to cope with these challenges and to be able to sweep in this hybrid war.

DISTRUGEREA ECONOMIEI ROMÂNEŞTI, FACTOR DE AMPLIFICARE A SĂRĂCIEI, DISCRIMINĂRII ŞI INSECURITĂŢII

Author(s): I. Gabriel Năstase / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 9/2012

Pendant 22 ans, le processus de destruction de l’économie roumain a créé des profonds déséquilibres économiques et sociaux sur le fond des mentalités dont la majorité de la population l’avait auparavant de 1989 en ce qui concerne la discrimination el l’égalité de chances. La destruction de l’économie de la Roumanie a généré chômage, pauvreté, de crises économiques et sociale qui ont devenu des facteurs hostiles pour la population, mais favorables de la « virussassions », dans le mental de la majorité de la population, du processus d’assimilation des nouveaux concepts démocratiques en visant la discrimination et l’égalité de chances, des attributs de la démocratie et de la civilisation. Le bilan de cinq années de l’intégration de la Roumanie dans l’Union Européenne s’est avéré lamentable, une pierre de moulin sur le pied de l’économie roumain, un véritable désastre « quinquennal ».

CRIZA DE IDEAL

Author(s): Gheorghe Văduva / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 8/2011

The current financial crisis shakes on all grounds a political, economic, social and moral order that is once thought to be generating ideals, constructiveness and prosperity. It is a conditional, but at the same time random, variable, differentiated and conflicting prosperity, on the basis of insecurity - because in the dialectic of political, economic and social development, the interests are neither harmonious nor conciliatory, but conflicting - but the effect has always materialized and will probably materialize in creation, innovation, new technologies, new knowledge, new facilities for people's lives, their organizational culture and, consequently, civilization, for knowledge. Here comes one of the great paradoxes of the world: from conflict is born, equally, equilibrium, ie peace and progress, but also war ...

ÎNTREBĂRI, NE-RĂSPUNSURI, SINCOPE ŞI UMBRE GEOPOLITICE DE FINAL ALE UNOR NOI ÎNCEPUTURI PE MUCHIE DE CUŢIT

Author(s): Constantin Gheorghe Balaban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7/2011

Le monde arrive à un final sur le dos du couteau. Le monde est en général toujours en danger. Le danger c’est la condition essentielle d’existence du monde. Le monde entier y compris notre chère Union Européenne qui ne comprend pas las différences entre unité et diversité reste un chaos organisé ou tout homme cherche à l’infini son identité. L’UE en le cherche pour le sienne, en titubant entre souveraineté et les réalités et même les fantasmes de l’histoire, vues de perspective de l’avenir qui vit en brume. Il faut voir l’avenir pour comprendre la projection de l’histoire en présent. Pour avoir le pouvoir, on devrait renoncer à une souveraineté qui vient de l’’histoire pour en construire une nouvelle souveraineté dans ce monde qui se batte en gigantesque… Pour avoir le pouvoir il faut renoncer à pouvoir…

INSTITUTUL DE STRATEGIE ŞI CONFLICTE – COMISIA FRANCEZĂ DE ISTORIE MILITARĂ (ISC-CFHM) DIN FRANŢA

Author(s): Gheorghe Văduva / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2011

DIAGNOZA MACROINSTABILITĂŢII INTERNAŢIONALE

Author(s): Aurelian Bădulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2010

Identifying the main challenges, challenges, threats and threats, their impact on crises and conflicts, and the implementation of resolution and combat policies, prompt us to use the most up-to-date methodologies and strategies to deliver long-term and global solutions to global security. Below, we highlight a few economic, strategic, military and political elements that can be challenges and dangers to global stability and security.

DETERMINISMUL RĂZBOIULUI

Author(s): Cezar Cobuz / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2010

The war is not just a given, is not a fatality. He has some determination which come from the way of life of people, from society where they are living, from its characteristics, contradictions and conflicts. And if, at the philosophical level, difference, opposition and conflict are considered as the engine of development, to the societal level, interest is the mobile of action, its engine. But the interests of people and communities are different and all relationships are possible from harmony and partnership to conflict and war. The policy is focused and concentrated expression of interest, it transform the interest in the system that makes for the political programs and actions for their work. One of these systems focused and concerted action is the war.

„Хубавата Елена“ на Близкия изток – Сирия през теориите на международните отношения

Author(s): Evgeniya Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The main objective of the article is to present an analytical reflection on a scientific conversation, carried out in the form of a conference. The article is organized around two different dimensions. One dimension is formed by the themes and main positions of the given speeches. Another dimension is shaped by the exact theoretical approaches for research on international relations, to which the themes and positions may be addressed, and assessing the explanatory power of the theories. The Defensive realism gives a possible explanation of why the "situation" in Syria continues for so long. The Offensive realism provides insight about understanding the high levels of escalation in Syria. The positions between Defensive realism and liberalism overlap on the role of small actors and the potential advantages of defense. The system approach complicates the analysis and helps to describe in detail and schematically predict. The neoliberal position is close to the Defensive realism that in Syria the EU is the biggest loser. Finally, while we make a trial to predict what will happen in Syria, to have knowledge is important due to the existence of many manipulations. However, both (knowledge and manipulation) aresocially constructed and obey the principle of repetition like in the words "and so on", in other words, the human history will repeat, change and continue.

Турция – между силата и уязвимостта

Author(s): Plamen Ralchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The aim of this paper is to analyze the potential volatility of Turkey in result of internal transformation processes in the country and its “overstretch” with engagements abroad, especially the military operation on Syrian territory. Under the rule of President Erdogan Turkey began to play a more assertive role regionally. It positions itself not as a peripheral, Western-satellite state, but rather as a pivotal state with its own proper weight.In terms of methodology the paper employs case studies, comparative and critical analysis of economic and financial data from primary and secondary sources. The first part presents a political overview and assessment of Turkey’s foreign policy behavior and power claims. The second part focuses on Turkey’s economic problems and volatility prospects.

Działalność paramilitarnych band rozbójniczych na pograniczu krzyżacko-litewskim w XIV wieku

Author(s): Darius Baronas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The aim of this study is to characterise the phenomenon of the bands of brigands (latrunculi, Struter) that were active in the Prussian and Livonian lands of the Teutonic Order and in pagan Lithuania. Although the brigands in this region may be regarded as a phenomenon inherited from tribal society, they continued to live, and even prosper, at the time when state-like structures came into being in the region under consideration. Such a situation was mainly conditioned by a stalemate in the war of the Teutonic Order against pagan Lithuania. The Prussian and Livonian brigands were useful for the Order in their subversive actions against the people living in Lithuania, and so, accordingly, were Lithuanian brigands for the grand dukes of Lithuania. The Teutonic Order and the grand dukes of Lithuania alike had only limited capabilities of interfering with the activities of “their” brigands. This is evident from international treaties in which the activities of brigands of both parties are addressed and some stipulations for their containment are provided (as in Lithuanian-Livonian accords of 1323, 1338, 1367). The grand ducal authority and the brigands coexisted on the mutual respect of each other’s rights. Neither side was willing, nor able to undo the other once and for all. One must also bear in mind that the strict lines of delimitation between brigands and warriors were then non-existent. So it comes as no surprise that certain commanders of the Teutonic Order cultivated the methods of brigandage with ambushes. Although the evidence is rather scantier on the Lithuanian part, it is clear that some Lithuanian dukes and warriors practiced this style of warfare too. Although this kind of martial activities was widespread in other parts of Europe as well, the peculiarity of brigandage between the Teutonic Order and Lithuania is to be seen in their attempts to regulate the behaviour of their brigands by treaties. This implies that both sides tended to regard the brigands as something normal and, in a sense, legal. On either side of the frontier there were quite a lot of people who were engaged in this kind of warfare and lived off the neighbouring land’s resources. Consequently they were not interested in a long-term peace and this partly explains why the war between the Teutonic Order and Lithuania was so prolonged.

Odstraszanie – współczesna alternatywa wojny

Author(s): Krzysztof Skusiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5.3/2017

Until the mid-twentieth century, the primary task of the armed was to fight. Nuclear weapons were too strong and terrible to make war profitable. Therefore, there has been a concept of avoiding war by scaring opponents. The threat of the serious, unacceptable loss allowed to avoid the Third World War. The idea of nuclear deterrence, ethically and morally questionable, proved to be effective. This state continues to be a faith in the deterrence of weapons of mass destruction.

Aleksandar Hemon i Etgar Keret: komparativna analiza autobiografske proze obilježene ratom

Author(s): Karolina Zelenika / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 71-72/2018

Raznolikost dugotrajnog čitateljskog iskustva, kao i različitost akademskih interesa na književnom polju nerijetko izrode neobične predmete proučavanja. Pri upoznavanju svjetske književnosti mnogi se autori i motivi njihovih djela mogu dovesti u komparativnu vezu, čime se znanost o književnosti nesumnjivo obogaćuje. Takvi su se pisci, premda potpuno različitog porijekla i različitih stilova, našli i u našem fokusu. Naime, bosanskohercegovački odnosno američki pisac Aleksandar Hemon (1964) i izraelski pisac Etgar Keret (1967), osim po pisanju kratkih priča i romana, dijele sličnosti i u stvarnom životu.

Siły Zbrojne RP w procesie utrzymania bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego w Korei, na Półwyspie Indochińskim, na Bliskim Wschodzie i na Bałkanach

Author(s): Zbigniew Groszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5.2/2017

Armed forces have always been and probably for a long time will be an important instrument in ensuring international security, because attempts to resolve conflicts through diplomatic and political means very often do not bring the desired results, especially when there is a need for a rapid response to emerging threats. It should be emphasized that the use of military force occurs when the international situation allows or enforces their use. Polish armed forces also actively participated and participate in the restoration and maintenance of peace and security, both at the regional and global level, completing the assumptions of national security policy and Polish obligations in the area of international security. This article is an attempt to answer the question: to what extent, where and how Polish Army participated and participates in the maintenance of international security in areas of the world such as the Far and Middle East, and the Balkans.

Siły Zbrojne RP w procesie utrzymania bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego w Afganistanie, Iraku i na kontynencie afrykańskim

Author(s): Zbigniew Groszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5.2/2017

Despite the existence and functioning a number of institutions guaranteeing international security, such as the UN, OSCE, EU and NATO, solving conflict situations in the world by means of diplomatic and political is difficult, and sometimes impossible, especially when there is a need for a rapid response to emerging threat. Therefore, the direct use of military force was, is and will remain an important instrument in ensuring global security. The Polish Armed Forces for more than sixty years are involved in the restoration and maintenance of international security, taking part in various missions and peacekeeping operations and crisis response in many parts of the world under the banner of the UN, OSCE, NATO and the EU, confirming the credibility of our country as a responsible member of the international community. This article is an attempt to answer the question to what extent, when and how the Polish Armed Forces have participated and participate in the process of restoration and maintenance of international security in Afghanistan, Iraq and on the African continent?

Wpływ państwa Islamskiego na poziom zagrożenia terrorystycznego w Europie

Author(s): Agnieszka Juszczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: XVII/2017

We współczesnym świecie terroryzm jest jednym z największych zagrożeń. Wywołuje olbrzymi strach i przerażenie, ponieważ swoim zasięgiem obejmuje prawie wszystkie państwa a działania zamachowców cechują się dużą bezwzględnością i skutecznością. W dzisiejszych czasach terroryzm jest zjawiskiem wielopłaszczyznowym, zawierającym zarówno elementy polityczne jak i religijne.

Siły zbrojne rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w budowaniu bezpieczeństwa i pokoju w Kosowie

Author(s): Magdalena Leszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: XVII/2017

Poland’s membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization influenced the change of the national security system of our country. Important transformations took place primarily in foreign and economic policy as well as in the sphere of military security of Poland. The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, functioning so far mainly in the state defense system, faced the task of participating in the collective defense system of NATO and were prepared to carry out stabilization and preventive tasks during peace and emergency response tasks during the war, including tasks carried out also outside the country. In the article, the author undertook an attempt to analyze the nature of involvement in the conflict on the territory of Kosovo of the Polish Armed Forces as part of the KFOR operation. In its analysis, it took into account the scope and nature of the participation of the Polish military contingent in the KFOR operation and attempted to define its role in building security in Kosovo.

Basic Concepts of Security Sciences Theory in Security Studies from the Czech Perspective

Author(s): Juliusz Piwowarski,Viktor Porada / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2017

Security science in Czech Republic only postulate its scientific terminology. Difficulties in communication within and outside the newly created and evolving multidisciplinary scientific field is also reflected in the development and application of new concepts. Some concepts are already in place and are completely or at least partially understandable. They must be clearly defined and circumscribed. The problem does not lie in misunderstanding of terminology and specialized terminology specifying. The problem is, on the contrary in the vague and inconsistent use of terms most general, which are commonly used while part of a general, non-specialized language. Examples are the concepts of “security”, “interest”, “threat”, “risk”, “conflict” and others. Described unsatisfactory state of interdisciplinary shared a few overarching security terminology has led to the emergence of Czech security terminology.

Analytical Futurology as a Tool for Strategic Planning in Social War Games

Author(s): Robert Boroch / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2017

Futurology (also futures studies) is a field of knowledge which has emerged as a result of the interdisciplinary problematisation of specific cognitive issues. The main objective of futurology is the creation of hypothetical scenarios for an alternative future in every aspect of human life, from changes relating to the life of an individual human being to changes within complex social structures, and, ultimately, in e.g. nations. The assumptions of cognitive futurology generally boil down to the maxim „probability and predictability in every aspect of human life”. In other words, the subject of futurological considerations encompasses all products of human activity, both material and abstract. However, here futurology is divided thematically and distinguished in accord with a given specific specialized task, e.g. within the framework of social anthropology (or, broadly understood, cultural studies) as well as of philosophy. Thus, one can point to popular futurology, or the popularization of specific fields of knowledge through science-fiction literature, e.g. The Road (2006) by Cormac McCarthy. In addition to popular futurology, there is also analytical futurology, whose task is to create and analyse alternative futures. The proposed presentation will be devoted to this latter issue as well.

Terrorism and Organised Crime Networks – Different or Similar?

Author(s): Justyna Doroszczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

The article is devoted to the examination of similarities and differences in the functioning and structures, applied measures of transnational organized crime and terrorist groups. The main point of view is the thesis that after the end of the Cold War the possibility of effective cooperation between organized crime and terrorist groups highly increased. Both organized crime and terrorism use similar modes of operation as well as means of achieving goals. Paper expose the primary difference between the activity of terrorists and criminals, which is motivation. Nevertheless both organization realize two different forms of criminal activity.

Societal Security in the Context of Migration

Author(s): Bernadin Kouhossounon / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

Globalization nowadays seems to intensify the movement of people on the planet. As a result, making a living today is no longer just limited to the assets that people’s home country offers. That being said, providing for oneself has also become a question of opportunity and adventure. This reality, taken in the European context, reveals the coexistence of different social groups of different horizons, raising both issues of identity and security in host countries. Based on Barry Buzan’s concept of societal security, let us draw an observation that puts Francophone migrants in the context of the European territory in perspective.