"Rabovačky" v závere prvej svetovej vojny a ich ohlas na medzivojnovom Slovensku

Author(s): Miloslav Szabó / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2015

In the last days of the First World War soldiers returning home, along with civilians, attacked representatives of the Hungarian state and wealthy individuals, especially Jews. They expelled them from their homes and looted them, or they simply destroyed their property. In some places regular Hungarian troops executed the leaders of these rioters. This study seeks to offer an alternative to the prevailing interpretation of the looting, which emphasize the social or ethnic motivations of the economically and nationally oppressed Slovak rioters. Instead, it examines the reversal of the perpetrators and victims that was carried out not only immediately after the looting had occurred, but repeatedly throughout the whole interwar period. This is to be seen as an expression of the growing anti-Semitism, because the Jews were ultimately accused of the murder of allegedly innocent Slovaks.

„Dwie dusze” – czyli ewolucja tożsamości społecznej i narodowej ludności chłopskiej Galicji w drugiej połowie XIX i na początku XX wieku

Author(s): Pawel Jakubiec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

The aim of this paper is to characterize the evolution of social and national identity of Galician peasants in the late 19th and early 20th century. The author shows a few examples from the sources and studies on the subject, from which we can find out how these areas of peasant consciousness evolved. It was possible for changes to take place after several social and economic reforms were adopted. These changes contributed to the development of active civic attitudes and a greater participation in political life. At the same time, the emergence of peasant parties and the activities carried out by politicians contributed to the evolution of national identity. The awakening of national awareness was greatly influenced by the press and publications. A major role was also played by schools, the Church and the participation in social life of rural communities. The social and national identity of peasants showed in the celebration of national holidays, political programs and the growth of press subscription among rural inhabitants of Galicia.

A kontaktusalapú előítélet-csökkentés lehetőségei és korlátai

Egy intervenció tapasztalatai

Author(s): Anna Kende,Nóra Anna Lantos / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

Intergroup contact is the most effective method of prejudice reduction according to a vast number of studies conducted in various intergroup situations. However, it is not contact, but its optimal conditions which are difficult to attain in societies lacking a general acceptance of egalitarian social norms, facing strong segregation, large status differences, and endorsing strong prejudicial attitudes. Therefore, the optimal conditions for intergroup contact are rarely available when attempting to reduce prejudice against Roma people in Hungary. We present two studies in which we tested the influence of an intervention based on intergroup friendship – a highly positive example of intergroup contact – to reduce anti-Roma prejudice among university students. The research builds upon the so-called “fast friends” method which refers to a short closeness generating procedure based on mutual self-disclosure which creates an experience resembling real friendships. First year psychology students participated in our first study (N = 132) within an experimental, an extended contact, and a “control” group. We found some overall improvement in attitudes based on the comparison between the pre- and the post-test questionnaire results. In a second study (N = 61) we tested whether the findings of Study 1 were the direct result of the intervention, or its indirect influence through promoting non-prejudicial institutional norms. This time we worked with an experimental and a naïve control group, and found significant differences in attitude change between the groups along some attitudinal variables and in the perception of institutional norms. We discuss the scope and limits of anti-Roma prejudice reductions methods.

A Teleki ’44 Projekt interjús gyűjteménye

Author(s): Tamás Adler,Szilvia Lelkes / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2016

Introduction to the collection of the Teleki '44 project

Brunnbauer, Ulf. Globalizing Southeastern Europe. Emigrants, America, and the State since the Late Nineteenth Century. New York, 2016

Author(s): Valentina Sharlanova,Petia Bankova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

CUDZOZIEMIEC

Author(s): Dobroslaw Kot / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

In his complex philosophical output, the late Cezary Wodziński (died in 2016) repeatedly reflected on the figures of ‘stranger,’ or ‘foreigner,’ emphasizing their fundamental importance to the understanding of the problem of man. Among the figures of ‘stranger’ discussed by Wodziński was the Russian fool for Christ (yurodivy). To the yurodivy, the world with all its worldliness was not his homeland. His unsettling, unworldly behaviour was often perceived as blasphemous, offensive or foolish. At the same time, the fool for Christ provoked others to change their mentalities and transform their lives. He challenged their complacency and their sense of being at home, forcing them out of their worldliness. Wodziński reflected also on the figure of Odysseus who, on his return to Ithaca after a years long peregrination, played the role of a stranger, appearing secretly, disguised as an old man. Thus the king of Ithaca (the host) pretended to be a stranger (a guest) in order to identify those who were capable of showing hospitality. Both figures of ‘stranger’ reveal the paradox of hospitality, as well as the unbearable tension between being and not being ‘at home.’ According to Wodziński, these are not two different modes of existence, but two faces of the same condition: while being at home, one is simultaneously a stranger, one’s land is in fact a foreign land, and one’s rights to it may be questioned. The reflections put forward in the article attempt to follow the paths of Cezary Wodziński’s thought expressed in his project of apophatic anthropology spanning both ancient Greece and Russia.

Drobna szlachta w Galicji – problem tożsamości społecznej

Author(s): Krzysztof Slusarek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

Research into the social relations in villages where there were noble villages proved that in the 19th century minor gentry was an in-between stratum, which no longer belonged to landed gentry (since they did not own enough property), but at the same time could not be classified as peasants (since they possessed coats of arms). This situation caused numerous new conflicts. For example, in many Galician noble villages there were clashes between the minor gentry and the landed gentry. Landed gentry regarded minor gentry as a quarrelsome and insubordinate element. Many land owners would have gladly treated their poorer fellows as serfs; they would have also been willing to impose on them the obligations of serfdom. Minor gentry, mindful of the danger they faced, wished to distinguish themselves from peasants in every way available. This was a site of very serious conflicts. Given the smallness of their “fortunes,” minor gentry did not differ from peasantry in terms of material wealth. However, they tried to distinguish themselves through their customs, their dress, managing style and, above all, the emphasis on the tradition of possessing coats of arms.

Egy új világ építése egészen alulról?

Komplex ökologikus életmód-alternatívát megvalósító helyi közösségek a vidéki Magyarországon

Author(s): András Takács-Sánta / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2016

Community-level responses to the ecological crisis have been sparse in Hungary so far. However, a few local communities were formed since 1989 in order to realize an alternative way of living, which is more ecological than that of the majority society. Our research group has been studying these ecological local communities for 8 years using in-depth interviews, participant observation and action research. According to our typology, these communities can be divided into two groups: the communities of ecovillages should be distinguished from the ones whose members are living as dispersed minorities in towns and villages. The aim of this study is to draw up some general patterns based on our observations of 12 ecological local communities. Our most important results are shown here and compared to the observations of other domestic and foreign investigations. Our results show that almost all of the members of these communities are graduates who have moved from the city to the countryside. Environmental consciousness is only one of their several motivations to realize an ecological way of living. They are still only partially able to live off local, environmentally benign economic activities. They aim to revive traditions and have a critical stance towards modernity. Their opposition to the dominant culture is, for instance, reflected in the fact that they usually school their children in alternative ways. However, the soon coming collapse of the dominant culture is a frequent belief among them. In the successful communities a common religion is often an important glue. Miscellaneous forms of leadership can be found in these communities, but nearly all of them are battling with problems in this respect. They are usually open to the outer world and try to be a standard for others. Their relationship with native locals, however, is generally cold. Hungarian ecological local communities basically do not differ from those located in other core countries.

Elya Tzaneva. Ethnosymbolism and the Dynamics of Identity. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2015.

Author(s): Evgenia Troeva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2016

Etnocentryzm w konsumpcji

Author(s): Edyta Kowalczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 13/2016

The article discusses the issue of consumer ethnocentrism. It has been pointed out, that in the era of globalization,buyers’ preference to purchase and consume Polish products is the driving force of economic growth. The author presented the determinants of selection of products according to the place of their origin, including factors stimulating the selection of domestic products. Chosen sources of information on ethnocentric attitudes of Polish people, published by research institutions, have been reviewed. Additionally, the influence of social campaigns on consumers’ decisions has been characterized.

Evrovizija: Pesmom do Evrope?

Author(s): Sonja Bikic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 6/2008

This paper attempts to explain evolution of Eurovision Song Contest, from trivial music of easy notes competition, that very discreetly promoted project of united Europe to Eurovision as an instrument for demonstration of European identity in the countries situated on a periphery of Europe. We also analysed consequences of cultural imperialism in music industry that termed new ways of national self representation in this festival. A special segment of this paper emphasizes the importance of Eurovision Song Contest in Serbia and the countries of ex Yugoslavia.

Experiencing forced migration in childhood: the case of refugees from the former Yugoslavia in Norway

Author(s): Dragana Kovacevic Bielicki / Language(s): English / Issue: 4 (35)/2016

This article discusses how former child refugees from Yugoslav wars, who have permanently resettled in Norway, narrate their past refugee experiences, and how they negotiate their belonging and integration in the present. The article argues that child refugees are particularly important research subjects in the field of migration and forced migration studies: refugees and forced migrants are the most vulnerable of all migrants, while children are the most vulnerable and powerless among all forced migrants. Turning back to the past experiences and memories of people who went through this type of experience in the not so distant past, might helps us understand what challenges the numerous refugees of today are facing, and help answer what receiving societies can do in response to the arrival of the new refugees.

Fortélyos félelmek

Negatív viszonylatok szociokulturális és ideológiai beágyazottsága

Author(s): Róbert Tardos / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

The recent years have witnessed a rapid surge in the problem of migration on the public agenda in Hungary and on a larger international plane as well. Research is prompted to go into deeper layers of attitudes and rethink their rearrangements in various respects. The paper is based on a survey from the Spring of 2014 by the MTA – ELTE Peripato Research Group containing a module on immigration and attitudes, as well as stereotypes toward foreigners. Though the field work took place prior to the larger waves of refugee crisis, the module and a further array of questionnaire blocks on various public issues enables a comprehensive look into the respective patterns of thinking. The findings confirm the assumption of separate syndromes of outgroup- and ingroup foci; a dual scheme not quite ubiquitous in the literature given the general conception of the (negative/positive) reciprocity of outgroup- and ingroup ties. A fourfold typology is furthermore added to these two dimensions resulting in two congruent types in terms of inclusion/exclusion on the ideological poles and two, more sizable ones incoherent in the sense of a theoretical constraint, following other types of everyday logics on their own (related to general confidence or ressentiment). Analyses display partially different sets of sociodemographic and cultural-ideological backgrounds regarding the ingroup and outgroup axes of attitudes and the ideologically coherent and incongruous sub-populations, with regional-contextual characteristics, levels and dynamics of economic resources and ideological-political axes figuring among key influences. A two-mode network approach based on a semantic web with nodes of intergroup attitudes on the one hand, and poles of three (left/right, liberal/conservative, moderate/radical) ideological dimensions on the other, adds to the picture with special regard to the place of migration attitudes in the landscape of public thought.

Franjevački samostan u Gučoj Gori

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian / Publication Year: 2010

Nakon pada Bosne pod otomansku vlast (1463) razrušeni su, spaljeni i napušteni mnogi samostani u Bosni. Jedan od njih je i Lašvanski samostan, koji se nalazio, prema izvješćima bosanskih apostolskih vikara o pohodima Lašvanskoj župi, na Guvnima, naselju današnje dolačke župe. Ne znamo ni koliko je bilo braće u njemu kad je krajem 15. stoljeća stradao ni kamo su nakon njegova stradanja otišli. U nekim šematizmima provincije Bosne Srebrene piše da su odmah nakon toga prešli u Guču Goru. Makar sjedište vjerskog i franjevačkog života u Gučoj Gori, i to za čitavu Lašvansku dolinu, sezalo tako daleko u povijest, ipak je godina 2009. jubilarna - stopedeseta godina od njegova osnutka i postojanja u pravnom smislu. Sve do tada je ondje bila kuća, kasnije franjevačka rezidencija, u kojoj su boravili franjevci odakle bi odlazili obavljati pastoralnu službu po čitavoj Lašvanskoj dolini, pa i šire. Uz dopuštenje crkvenih vlasti, general Reda Manje Braće, dekretom od 30. svibnja 1859., proglašava samostan u Gučoj Gori. Sagradio ga je biskup fra Marijan Šunjić, rodom iz Bučića, jedan od najobrazovanijih ljudi svoga vremena. Organizatori za obilježavanje stopedesete obljetnice samostana odlučili su tim povodom održati znanstveni skup i izdati malu monografiju o samostanu. Znanstveni skup je održan 25. i 26. rujna 2009. godine, a monografija je ugledala svjetlo dana nekoliko dana prije održavanja znanstvenog skupa. U životu svakog naroda važno mjesto zauzima kulturno-povijesno naslijeđe kao dokaz stvaralaštva i životne snage naših predaka, kao simbol duha i pobjede čovjeka koji je ostavio znakove svoga postojanja. Stara je i mudra izreka koja se pripisuje fra Filipu Lastriću: “Pročitao sam kako je neki ozbiljan povjesničar rekao da je za svakoga čovjeka sramota ako ne pozna kraja u kojem boravi, ako ne zna kako je u njega došao i od kojih je pređa potekao”. A fra Ljubo Hrgić piše u svom Dnevniku: “Dane i noći hodao bih pokraj Lašve i gubio se u šumama. Tražio bih po grobljima starim, tražio bih staru dušu Bosne, drevnu tišinu. Možda je sav mistični čar moje zemlje u njenoj vjekovnoj tišini”. Koliko je Bosna i Hercegovina bila “svoja” svjedoče i samostan i crkva u Gučoj Gori. Ne samo što su ondje bili odgojni zavodi provincije Bosne Srebrene, nego se u njemu nalazila i pučka škola; ne samo što su franjevci Guče Gore vodili važne kulturne i poljoprivredne ustanove već su u njemu omladinska društva nalazila svoje prostorije. Selo Guča Gora nalazi se na 11. kilometru od Travnika i devetom od naselja Doca na Lašvi. Pogled iznad sela penje se prema sivom golom brdu Humu, te Carinama, stijenama koje kao da podupiru jedan plato, borovom šumom obrastao. A dolje, s druge strane prema jugu, vrletna se konfiguracija tla blago spušta prema dolini, praćena njivama, livadama i šumom. Ondje se nalazi prelijepa građevina, kao arhitektonski dragulj, s netaknutom i neunakaženom prirodom s kojom se teško može usporediti koji drugi krajolik. Sam je objekt bio prepušten igri povijesti, čiji su vjetrovi divlje trgali bosanski mir i idilu. Međutim, samostan se uvijek ponovno kao iz pepela dizao i fratri su u njemu započinjali novi život. Tako to traje već 150 godina od njegova proglašenja, a od davne 1706., dakle više od 300 godina, kada se prvi puta spominje, kao sjedište stare Lašvanske župe. Radovi sa simpozija u povodu stopedesete obljetnice postojanja samostana u Gučoj Gori pružaju čitatelju mogućnost upoznavanja s povijesnim zbivanjima, nekad dramatičnim i sudbonosnim, tijekom ne tako lake, ali ipak poštovanja vrijedne prošlosti samostana; također upoznavanja života kako običnih ljudi i istaknutih pojedinaca tako i povijesnih i kulturnih spomenika lašvanskog kraja.. Iznoseći mnoštvo povijesnih podataka i zanimljivih zgoda i nezgoda iz burne prošlosti i iz svakodnevnog života ljudi, autori svojim radovima skidaju prašinu s temelja iz kojih je nikao gučogorski samostan, ali i pročišćavaju izvore na kojima se snagom napajaju ljudi koji vole i samostan i svoj zavičaj. U tim radovima izlaze na vidjelo heroji, znameniti pojedinci, koji su ostali nepokolebivi u vjernosti Bogu, svome narodu i svojoj državi čak i onda kad je to, ljudski gledano, bilo nemoguće; ali izdvajaju i antiheroje, koji su, posebno u otomansko vrijeme, gušili život i rušili sve što drugačije od njih misli, govori i vjeruje. U odabiru autora i radova za jedan simpozij postoji opasnost da ostane po strani nešto što je važno. Radovi sa simpozija su upravo zbog toga poziv čitatelju na traženje i čitanje literature, izvještaja i kronika o svemu što je vezano za gučogorski samostan i njegovu povijest. U tom su smislu poticajne riječi fra Jake Baltića, graditelja samostana i velikog ljetopisca: “Svakomu čoviku, koji iole ima prosvete, milo je čitati i znati povijest svojih starih. Kakvi su naši stari bili? Što se s njima zbilo? Kako su se u događajim vladali? Kad bi se tako što napisano našlo od naših starih, prije šest stotina godina barem, ako ne starije, to bi vridilo prema dragom kamenju. Jer događaje i dila svojih starih pred očima imati, mogo bi se čovik okoristiti u svom življenju. Mudrih je ljudi izreka: ‘Nauči se na primjeru mnogih, što treba nasljedovati, a što izbjegavati’. Neka ti učitelj bude tuđi život’”.

Glosa do postanowienia SN z dnia 30 marca 2016 r., I KZP 23/15 (OSNKW 2016, nr 5, poz. 29)

Author(s): Pawel Daniluk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2016

The paper contains critical commentary on the Supreme Court decision of 30 March 2016 (I KZP 23/15). The author proves that determining the generic identity of crimes with the method in concreto, i.e. through comparing legal interests violated or endangered as a result of concrete offensive deeds, should take place in certain cases, where we have to do with the crimes protecting two or more legal interests in an alternative or mixed way. In the remaining situations, the assessment of the objective similarity of crimes should be performed in abstracto, i.e. through comparing legal interests protected in particular types of crimes. Results of this method, important for the generic identity of crimes, will be identical with the method in concreto, but the former is more conducive to the judgment of the case without undue delay.

Historijski i kulturnopovijesni metanarativi o Osmanskoj Bosni

Author(s): Enver Kazaz / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

This research paper proposed the thesis that the model of cultural-historical identity construction in B&H was continually under ideological influence absorbing a meta-narrative system produced in histro-graphical science. In creating the historical image of the Ottoman rule in B&H this meta-narrative system developed a Manichean matrix of knowledge. Ottoman-phobic and Ottomanphylous meta-narratives absorb and remodel different ideological configurations and construct with them corresponding historical monologue concepts. In the article this concept is analyzed from the perspective of Hayden White and Dominic La Capare and there is an attempt to show how using its meta-narrative bases as interpretation strategies producing an image of past reality in the histro-graphical narrative negates the manifoldness and hybridism of identity in Ottoman Bosnia. By analyzing the order of identity in Ottoman Bosnia from a theoretical perspective a hierarchy of identities derived from perspective Ottoman-concentricity and Islam-concentricity was established, and from that relation all other identities became peripheral and marginal. So Bosnia won the status of inner otherness, which in the periphery of the empire, possesses the inner symbol of the outside enemy in the Christian community. Everyday culture and praxis of identity hybridism negate the Ottoman-phobic Islam-phylous meta-narrative, and the research paper derived from examples of Bogdanovich’s Annals of Kreševo Monastery with the identity point of view showing that in everyday life praxis the rights from the famous Ahdnama were negated and suspended, and afterwards, from ideological base of milet system. The conclusion is that the chronicles of the Bosnian Franciscans are like a model of history of quotidian life in one peripheral, marginal and discriminating identity in the Ottoman Empire and were attempting to establish a new model of culturalhistorical knowledge in B&H.

Język a dziedzictwo kulturowe pogranicza

Author(s): Bogdan Walczak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

The article’s author argues in favor of his thesis that just as the literary languageis on the one hand a mirror, while on the other hand material and an instrument of thecommunity of users’ spiritual culture, so is the regional language (dialect, subdialect)a mirror, material and an instrument of the regional culture (represented by folklorein language). In case of the ethnic and linguistic borderland’s multilingualism, all theethnolects amount to its cultural heritage.

Kształtowanie pamięci o masowych represjach w rosyjskim internecie

Author(s): Anna Kadykalo / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 151/2015

Among the many types of Internet activity young Russians discuss the issues of the mass repressions of the Stalin era. The attitude of Internet users to these tragic events is expressed not only in many online discussions, popular social networking sites, but also through the creation of (very popular now) demotivators. These carriers of memory can be considered as the artifacts of “post-memory”, which is characterized mainly for young generation of Russians who do not have experienced the traumatic memories connected with mass repressions. Constructing the memory of the mass repression is a part of a broader process of constructing the cultural memory of Russians based on the interpretation of the Soviet past. By referring to the manifestations of “post-memory”, young Russians can better understand the difficult history of their country and find landmarks in the surrounding reality.

Media Text and Audiences: Discursive Constructions of Fandom

Author(s): Helena Popovic / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2011

This paper presents the research findings obtained from a research project investigating media audiences and their reception of a cult-television (Cult TV) text, namely Da Ali G Show. The audience research comprises 18 semi-structured interviews conducted in London (the United Kingdom) and in Zagreb (Croatia) aimed at establishing how fandom is discursively constructed. The analysis of the interpretive community in two distinct socio-cultural contexts showed that there were more similarities than differences overall. The practices engaged in by the interviewees mostly involved making a conscious effort to regularly watch the primary text as well as to show an interest in the future work of the author. The research showed that interviewees typically engaged in a type of ‘moderate’ fandom, whilst strong emotional attachments were seen as negative, as was intrusiveness into people’s privacy. This indicates a split between the signifier and the signified: the term ‘fan’ was readily adopted by interviewees in describing their relationship to the text; however, the meaning was negotiated and carefully constructed so as to disassociate oneself from the extreme, passionate, irrational connotation that the etymology of the term carries.

Međukulturno komuniciranje i međuidentitetsko sporazumevanje

Author(s): Branimir Stojkovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 11/2009

Intercultural communication is a very complex process which could be approached from many different perspectives. One of them is identity negotiation approach – based on identity difference of participants in intercultural communication. Having in mind plurality of identities this paper attempts to pinpoint some of them which are the most relevant from intercultural point of view. There are ten relevant dimension of identity: cultural identity, ethnic identity, gender identity, personal identity, role identity, relational identity, facework identity, symbolic identity, identity of civilization and homeland identity. Then, a comparison is made between intracultural and intercultural communication and analysis shows continuum of homo-hetero and existence of trinity native/strange/foreign. Final part of the paper demonstrates how ascribed similarity of participants – as generator of stereotypes – hampers intercultural communication.