"Novi talas" u percepciji novih generacija

Author(s): Marija Ristivojevic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2013

The paper represents an analysis of contemporary ideas about new wave music formed by generations born after 1980, in the "post-new wave" period. The ever more evident tendency to revitalize and re-actualize the new wave phenomenon at the local level, as well as the identities which stem from it, is indicative not only of the importance of this musical concept but its interdependence with the local community. The echoes of different contemporary narratives about this phenomenon influence the forming of a set of notions about, on the one hand, new wave itself, and on the other – notions about Belgrade of that time period, among generations which form their opinions and perceptions of it indirectly, and after the fact. The aim of the paper is to an- swer the question of the extent to which young people today are familiar with new wave and what the concept represents for them.

"Rabovačky" v závere prvej svetovej vojny a ich ohlas na medzivojnovom Slovensku

Author(s): Miloslav Szabó / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2015

In the last days of the First World War soldiers returning home, along with civilians, attacked representatives of the Hungarian state and wealthy individuals, especially Jews. They expelled them from their homes and looted them, or they simply destroyed their property. In some places regular Hungarian troops executed the leaders of these rioters. This study seeks to offer an alternative to the prevailing interpretation of the looting, which emphasize the social or ethnic motivations of the economically and nationally oppressed Slovak rioters. Instead, it examines the reversal of the perpetrators and victims that was carried out not only immediately after the looting had occurred, but repeatedly throughout the whole interwar period. This is to be seen as an expression of the growing anti-Semitism, because the Jews were ultimately accused of the murder of allegedly innocent Slovaks.

"Немачко удружење Адам Беренц" и ревитализација етничког идентитета Немаца у Апатину

Author(s): Aleksandar Krel / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2010

At the time of the violent interethnic conflict in the former Yugoslavia, ethnic Germans in Serbia became publicly active for the first time after decades of "ethnic mimicry", founding ethnic German societies. It is through these societies that the process of revitalization and (re)construction of their ethnic and cultural identity has been taking place. There are about a dozen such societies active in Vojvodina today, one of them being the Adam Berenz German Society in the town of Apatin. The paper looks at the conceptualization and symbolization, analysis of ethnic strategies and presentation of modalities by means of which the Apatin association seeks to preserve and revive certain specific ethnic and cultural elements of the German ethnic community.

"Раноантичка насеља" и гвоздено доба централног Балкана: питања етничког идентитета

Author(s): Ivan Vranic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2011

In the Balkan archaeologies, ethnic identity has been traditionally treated as a stable and monolithic category, readily recognizable in the material culture. The issue of "ethnogenesis" of the Palaeo-Balkan "peoples" is the dominant topic and the basic research subject in culture-historical archaeology, today regarded as the consequence of the modern European nationalisms. Starting from the constructivist point, the paper seeks to examine the interpretations of ethnicity in the Balkan Iron Age, on the example of the so-called "early Classical settlements" – a series of mutually very similar fortified settlements located in the vast lands of the Balkan hinterland, today in the territory of several modern states. These settlements are broadly dated into the period from the 5th to the 3rd centuries BC, and have traditionally been interpreted as the final phase of the ethnogenesis of the Palaeo-Balkan communities, supposed to have been living in "tribal states", whose population has been recognized as "people" or even "nation". In the traditional literature, the ethnic characteristics have been readily recognized, projecting directly the modern socio-political structures onto the communities of the past that could have been founded on completely different group identity or political organization. The paper deals with the issue of the political aspects of these interpretations in variousBalkan countries, favoring certain Palaeo-Balkan communities, and an attempt is made to contextualize these nationalistic narratives into the present.

(Nie)pamięć zbiorowa Polaków jako skuteczna regulacja emocji

Author(s): Michal Bilewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2016

Bilewicz applies notions borrowed from the psychology of emotions to understand collective (im)memory in Poland, with a particular focus on defensive reactions to new historical data on Poles’ negative behaviour. Based on James Gross’ concept of emotion regulation, Bilewicz elaborates a model of downregulating collective moral emotions (such as guilt and shame). He then applies this model to the debate on the Jedwabne pogrom. He also outlines systematic social psychological studies that support his proposed emotion downregulation model. The article concludes with a discussion of alternative ways of presenting negative history – ways that overcome those defensive emotion regulatory processes.

1923 Nüfus Mübadelesine Mizah Penceresinden Bakmak: Zümrüdüanka

Author(s): Nuray Firindioglu Yilmaz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2017

The Greek- Turkish 1923 population exchange has played an important role in Turkish history both politically and socially. Since about 2 million Greeks and Turks were ousted from their homelands, this issue has quickly become problematic due to some main concerns and conflicts over its form and instruments, the definition and the scale of the refugees, and the legal status of their left property. These problems led the refugees to experience a number of tragic incidents from the start of the implementation of the exchange almost until it is completed. This study reviews the Greek- Turkish population exchange that has been engraved in collective memory in every respect by analyzing the texts and caricatures in the comic book, Zümrüdüanka, that reflect its idiosyncratic sense of humor.

A Forgotten Detail in the Cultural Landscape: a Ukrainian Version of Russian Formalism? National Identity, Avant-garde and Ideology in Literary Discussions in Soviet Ukraine (1920s–1930s)

Author(s): Galina Babak / Language(s): English / Issue: 32 (37)/2017

The 1920s in the Soviet Ukraine are characterised by significant variability of views on the meaning, social significance and mechanism of art and literature, however, all this theoretical and practical variety was limited by political restriction imposed by official communist ideology. Avant-garde groups and movements enriched modernist discussions by drawing attention to the fact that the revolution in arts and literature was of the same nature as political and social revolution. Numerous Soviet writers, poets, artists, philologists, etc. (including Ukrainian writers with their own national agenda) took part in these discussions; many of them were members of different literary movements, groups and organisations – and of course they had a different aesthetic orientation. One of the most important topics of Soviet theoretical discussions in the 1920s was the dualism of “form” and “content” in literature and art. Such discussions were held in Soviet Ukraine as well. Even though we cannot speak about “Ukrainian formalism” as an organised and disciplined aesthetic school, it is important to determine the “Ukrainian version” of correlation between universalist ideas of Russian formalism, internationalist Soviet ideology (in relation to the culture), and forming Ukrainian cultural identity.

A franciaországi bevándorlógyerekek oktatása

Author(s): Iván Bajomi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2017

In this text concerning the schooling of the children of immigrants in France, we describe three institutional solutions. We will first talk about optional courses devoted to learning the languages and cultures of the countries of origin. Secondly we discuss the problems related to educational priority aeras. Thirdly, there will be school groups created to help the children of immigrants learn French. It will also discuss the services developed to support the activity of professionals, such as a specialized journal, the website of the Observatory of Priority Aeras, and activities of the school administration units involved in the education of children of the immigrants who also function as a resource center. We also highlight the difficulties described in the analyzes concerning the institutional solutions presented.

A kisebbségek védelme az olasz–horvát és az olasz–szlovén kétoldalú kapcsolatokban

Author(s): Balázs Vizi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2017

Following the collapse of Yugoslavia, the situation of Italian minorities living in successor states raised great concerns in Italy. This article offers an overview of the evolution of bilateral minority protection instruments between Italy and Croatia, Slovenia respectively. New treaties and initiatives emerged in the 1990s in this regard strongly build on the post- WWII international legal arrangements concerning the situation of minorities. The analysis of the relevant treaty provisions in a broader political and historical context leads to the conclusion that from the 1990s bilateral minority protection agreements rather reflect a political commitment than a set of strict normative obligations.

A kontaktusalapú előítélet-csökkentés lehetőségei és korlátai

Egy intervenció tapasztalatai

Author(s): Anna Kende,Nóra Anna Lantos / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

Intergroup contact is the most effective method of prejudice reduction according to a vast number of studies conducted in various intergroup situations. However, it is not contact, but its optimal conditions which are difficult to attain in societies lacking a general acceptance of egalitarian social norms, facing strong segregation, large status differences, and endorsing strong prejudicial attitudes. Therefore, the optimal conditions for intergroup contact are rarely available when attempting to reduce prejudice against Roma people in Hungary. We present two studies in which we tested the influence of an intervention based on intergroup friendship – a highly positive example of intergroup contact – to reduce anti-Roma prejudice among university students. The research builds upon the so-called “fast friends” method which refers to a short closeness generating procedure based on mutual self-disclosure which creates an experience resembling real friendships. First year psychology students participated in our first study (N = 132) within an experimental, an extended contact, and a “control” group. We found some overall improvement in attitudes based on the comparison between the pre- and the post-test questionnaire results. In a second study (N = 61) we tested whether the findings of Study 1 were the direct result of the intervention, or its indirect influence through promoting non-prejudicial institutional norms. This time we worked with an experimental and a naïve control group, and found significant differences in attitude change between the groups along some attitudinal variables and in the perception of institutional norms. We discuss the scope and limits of anti-Roma prejudice reductions methods.

A nemzeti-etnikai identitás építőkövei kárpátaljai ukránok és magyarok körében

Author(s): Viktória Ferenc / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2017

The study examines the national identity of Transcarpathian Hungarians and Ukrainians based on the TANDEM 2016 Survey and compares it to previous survey results. One of the most important findings of the paper is that among the criteria of belonging to an ethnic group good language skills and self-identification are the most important. Almost 20% of the respondents have a double identity construction, which is more frequent in the Ukrainian subsample. As it turns out, knowing the language of another ethnic group is the most determinating factor in having a double identity. Regarding Ukrainians, they mostly identify themselves as belonging to the Ukrainian nation, which is followed by the identity of being Transcarpathian. Among the Hungarians the ‘Transcarpathian Hungarian’ attributive structure is the most popular. Citizenship related identity-categories (Hungarian, Ukrainian or double Hungarian–Ukrainian citizenship) falls far behind bonds related to ethnicity and locality. The bonds towards Ukraine as a country have loosened in recent years: only every second Ukrainian respondent says that Ukraine means the homeland for him/her. In the case of Hungarians, this ratio is 10%, which is a drastic decrease in comparison to the previous years.

A Reflection of Experience and Autobiography in Fay Weldon’s Fiction

Author(s): Adela Cornelia Iancu (Matei) / Language(s): English / Issue: 20/2013

In this paper, I will present some of the most important and interesting facts from Fay Weldon’s autobiography, Auto da Fay, and the way in which certain aspects of her life have influenced her fiction and her attitude towards feminist issues. Weldon considers herself to be a feminist,going as far as to state that she has arrived at “the next stage of feminism”,and implying in various contexts that she is a pioneer in certain controversies regarding feminism. Fay Weldon seems to have an opinion on everything, be it romantic affairs, rape, pornography or prostitution, and has been criticized in various cases for the way in which she expresses these opinions. In her autobiography, readers may find the explanation for Weldon’s evolution both as a person and as an author, creating characters with a strong background,inspired by the people around her, proving that the social standards have changed, and women have become empowered. Weldon has evolved with the times, suggesting that it is important for feminists to do the same, and help women in various parts of the world where female identity is not as strongly rooted in the social construct as it is in the West. Through the use of concrete examples from her life, Fay Weldon provides background for her female protagonists, giving readers a better understanding of feminism and femininity in the social construct. Her statements have been criticized,however, she has not been discouraged, and has always considered herself to be ahead of the crowd when it comes to feminism; nevertheless, Weldon has emerged as a mature, experienced feminist writer, which is obvious both inher memoirs and her fiction.

A romakérdés megoldását célzó stratégiák 1945-1969 között

Author(s): László Sipos / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2018

In this paper, I deal with how the state policy on the Roma developed after the Second World War, between 1945 and 1969 in the former Czechoslovakia and in what is now Slovakia. In this connection, I try to point out the discriminatory measures and negative political mechanisms against the Roma that characterized the policies of the state authorities under the totalitarian regime, during the period indicated. By way of analysis and comparison of government measures and statistics taken during the investigation period, misperceptions on domestic Roma can easily be rebutted. Recalling the facts from the immediate postwar years, the attitudes and views of the political actors, and the measures taken against the Roma, we can avoid all simplistic conclusions aiming at exempting the Czech and Slovak governmental authorities from liability. In this period, government policy, and the attitudes of the elites played an extremely important role especially in the case of the Roma, and it can be assumed that this influenced their social situation and development more than that of other minorities.

A TANDEM 2016 kutatás általános bemutatása és mintavételi eljárása

Author(s): Viktória Ferenc,József Molnár / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2017

The target group of the TANDEM 2016 Survey was the Ukrainian and Hungarian population of the multi-ethnic west Ukrainian region, Transcarpathia. The paper-based survey was carried out from May to August 2016. The survey was bilingual: in 44 settlements respondents answered our questions in Hungarian, in 55 in Ukrainian and in 24 settlements in both languages. The expression “TANDEM” implies that in this survey we put emphasis on the peculiarities of Hungarian-Ukrainian coexistence and the differences of perspectives on the same topics. All together we gathered 1212 questionnaires: 398 adult respondents answered our questions in Hungarian and 814 in Ukrainian according to a representative sample (the sample however was not proportionately stratified regarding the ethnic ratio of settlements).

A Teleki ’44 Projekt interjús gyűjteménye

Author(s): Tamás Adler,Szilvia Lelkes / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2016

Introduction to the collection of the Teleki '44 project

A. D. Smith, (2008) Kombet dhe nacionalizmi në erën globale.

Author(s): Enis Sulstarova / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 1/2009

Review of: A. D. Smith, (2008) "Kombet dhe nacionalizmi në erën globale"; Tiranë: Instituti për Studime Publike dhe Ligjore & Dudaj by: Enis Sulstarova

AB Sürecinde Türkiye’nin İnsan Hakları ve Milli Kimlik İkilemi

Author(s): Sertan Akbaba / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 20/2017

Fervent debates on human rights policies around the world have occupied the public opinion in Turkey especially in the post-Helsinki period. In the center of the debate lies the efforts to develop and expand human rights. However, Turkey’s efforts to improve its human rights policies in line with its EU membership goal also means Turkey’s trial with Turkish identity and Turkish nationalism. For the dominant nationalist perception, which has encapsulated the Turkish Republic since its establishment, is clashing with the EU values and human rights. The aim of this study is to discuss why social peace has not been established despite the improvements made via human rights legislation. It is observed that Turkey’s transformation that started with its EU candidacy and continued with the reform packages, constitutional amendments and democratization process has now slowed down or even has come to a halt. One of the primary reasons of this final situation is the lack of ‘overlapping consensus’ introduced by Rawls in his theory of justice. As a result, initiatives with good intentions reach the level of awareness of differences but not cause realistic steps to be taken for ‘recognition’. This study argues that, unless a citizenship model embracing all members of society is established, the cited initiatives will not result in lasting solutions.

Adapting participatory design tools in design through research (DTR) models to develop sustainable projects in sensitive territories. Case analysis.

Author(s): Inga Urbonaite-Vadokliene,Gerda Antanaityte / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Urban development, or architectural design in fragile (sensitive) territories is always complicated, especially when one considers national, regional, reserve parks, or other territories that have a lot of sociocultural meaning to society, and local communities. Following strict rules and planning regulations is not always the answer as it sometimes becomes a formal procedure for bureaucrats to ban innovative solutions. One of the main reasons for such complicated development in sensitive territories is a lack of proper models of the design process. The article analyzes three design through research project cases developed by authors, which share common goal - to improve the quality of the environment using innovative and contemporary solutions, deal with landscape sustainability and local identity issues by involving community into design process. Presented samples reveal three different design through research and participatory design models. In each case site planning projects are initiated by different groups, therefore motives for the project implementation differ. That determines the sample of public inclusion, scope of fulfilled research, design solutions and capabilities for sustainability of the project. Comparative analysis of these cases summarize strengths and weaknesses of each model and form recommendations for similar territorial development in the future.

Afrika Iç-Göçü Ve Post-Kolonyal Vatandaşlik

Author(s): Y. Kerem Arslan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2012

This paper attempts to define the migration movements based on ethnic identity in the Great Lakes region of Africa and the motives behind them. Although these movements, which have lasted from the colonial period, play an important role in the formation of work-oriented, cultural, or political identities, they also appeared as a basis and as a breakpoint in the creation of national identities during the post-independence era. In the process of building national identities, particularly in Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda, the migrations in the region, the displacements, and the refugee movements stemming from civil wars and ethnic conflicts constituted the main axes of contemporary regional problems. The foundation of the emergence of racial or ethnic classifications, whether intra-society or intersocieties, should be searched for in the replacement of cultural identities based on the division of labour in the colonial period by the more strictly drawn political divisions. By examining the implementations of colonial rule, this paper seeks to analyse the instruments of the reproduction of social and political differentiation in a type of society that generally emerged as bi-polar, such as Rwanda and Burundi. Finally, this study aims to put forth a pattern of regional migration movements.

AK Parti Döneminde Ortadoğu’da Türk-Amerikan İlişkilerinin Jeokültürel Ekseni: İslami Kimlik

Author(s): Muharrem Eksi / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 18/2016

Turkish-American relations have historically always experienced its several ups and downs. TurkishAmerican relations have maintained this continuity while Turkey’s geocultural dimension have gained importance instead of its jeopolitical position during Justice and Development Party (AK Parti) decade. The dynamics of global politics have began to take shape within the framework of ‘Islamic terror’ after the September 11 terrorist attacks that influenced herein. This paper analyzes the axis of geoculture in the context of model country rhetoric in the U.S.-Turkey relations focusing particularly on the Middle East politics within the scope of public diplomacy. The main research question of the study is as follows: what is the primary factor and axis that determines the U.S.-Turkey relations? The research has two fundamental arguments: First, the determining factor has been Turkey’s Muslim identity under JDP. The U.S. has opted to use JDP’s Islamic identity as a model in its grand strategy of Greater Middle East and North Africa Initiave. The bilateral relations have set by the rhetoric of model country in the axis of geoculture, which aimed to transformation of Muslim Middle Eastern societies. Second, the relations have began to deteriorate with Syrian and Egyptian crisis in the process of ‘Arab Spring’ since 2013 and the interests of two states have conflicted over the political Islam and moderate Islam. More particularly, the abandon of the U.S.’s moderate Islam policy became a turning point of the relations between JDP and Obama administration. In this context, it is suggested that the one dimension of political Islam and the other dimension the U.S.-Iran rapprochement which will determine the future of the U.S.-Turkey relations.