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Philosophy as Communication Theory

Author(s): Johan Siebers / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

There has been comparatively little attention for the fundamental ontology of communication in recent philosophy. Nevertheless, from classical metaphysical accounts of relationality and communal being to the analysis of intersubjectivity in phenomenology and to concrete existence as understood by process philosophy, the communicative structure of the act of being has been, if not explicitly then implicitly, a perennial component of metaphysical reflection. Communication theory can be conceived in such a way that it takes this ontological dimension into account. The ramifications of connecting being to communication in this way are explored in discussion with the conceptualizations of communication in integrationism and biosemiotics. An interpretation of Gabriel Marcel’s existential analysis of “my life” is used to show what philosophy as communication theory (in the strong sense of the notion elaborated here) might look like.

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Visual Culture, Posthumanism and the Pythagorean Paradigm. Documentary vs the Politicization of Truth

Author(s): Evi D. Sampanikou / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The paper deals with a documentary narrative of the real story of a philosophical project that came out of a huge accident. The accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine, Soviet Union on April 26, 1986. In 1997, seven scientists involved into the accident leave Ukraine for health reasons. They settle on Gavdos, a small island south of Crete, the most distant border of Europe in the Mediterranean. They remain there for about fifteen years and initially have a major positive interaction with the local community, leading a Pythagorean School and several philosophical group meetings, public work, and constructions. During this time, they evolve a new philosophical approach to humanity, the option for immortality, based on what they call “Philosophical Evolution”, a combination of Pythagorean teaching and the ideas of Epicurus, and also specific views that can be related to critical posthumanism and transhumanism.

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Hajdeger o Baumgartenu

Author(s): Una Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 35/2021

This paper brings forth an interpretation of a few Heidegger’s comments on Baumgarten, presented in his lecture The Question Concerning the Thing. The analysis shows Heidegger’s focus on the relation between metaphysics and aesthetics in Baumgarten, and also that Baumgarten’s foundation of aesthetics is related to modern understanding of a being as a thing and as an object of perception. The results imply a very important role of Heidegger’s critique of Baumgarten in his project of overcoming of aesthetics. Also, they allow for an insightful interpretation of some of the key aspects of Heidegger’s philosophy of art.

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Ce este și cum poate fi cunoscut „datul”

Author(s): Viorel Cernica / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 17/2021

In „Teoria cunoștinței” (Theory of knowledge), the author N. Bagdasar enunciated the following idea: the metaphysics is conditioned by the theory of knowledge, since the first is a knowledge placed from the beginning under rules. After I will emphasise the Kantian sense of this idea and depict the manner in which the author explains Auguste Comte’s positivism in relation with the meaning of ‘positive’ (given) in that context, I will put into discussion two theories about the unknowability of a “fact” that is in its possibility an object of knowledge. The first, belonging to Mircea Florian, can be deemed as “ontologically negative” and privileges the idea of a suspension of knowledge in the front of the given (an object to be known, in its possibility). The second, belonging to J.-L. Marion, which can be labelled as “cognitively negative”, suggests the idea of „negative certitudes” – in connection to the recognizing, in some situations, of the unknowability of the given (an object to be known, in its possibility). Both theories condition the “power” of knowledge by the nature of object of knowledge, also assuming that this power, when questions its own possibilities, can produce unknowability. In this perspective, the two theories discussed here and Comte’s positive philosophy draw similar conclusions. The references to a possible relation between metaphysics and theory of knowledge will be maintained in the following, but the formal privilege that the last has towards the first in Bagdasar’s view will be relativized.

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Refleksija i spekulacija. Rani Hegelov koncept logike kao samokritike refleksije

Author(s): Nevena Jevtić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 36/2021

The author of this paper will present Hegel’s concepts of reflection and speculation, in the way they were developed in his Differenzschrift. Reflection and speculation, being connected and conditioned intellectual procedures, are in fact able to fulfil twofold task of philosophy, i. e. the critical task of introduction and systematic task of developing of philosophy. As a radical grasping into the antinomy of reflection, as a way of exposing the antinomies in the absolute identity itself, self-critical reflection is the method of reason or speculation. In manuscript of Hegel’s lecture from 1804/5, Logic – Metaphysics – Philosophy of Nature, taking logical development of the forms of judgment as an example, the self-criticism of reflexive categories is obvious. This early concept of logic, which Hegel calls logic of reflection or logic of understanding, plays a role of the introduction to metaphysics.

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Pitanje o stvari: Hajdeger o kategorijalnim bivstvujućima

Author(s): Una Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 36/2021

This paper is about the problem of understanding of non-human beings in Heidegger's philosophy during 1930's. My point is to stress the importance of this problem is in Heidegger's later philosophy, in comparison to his early thought. I will try to show that 'thing' is the main Heidegger's notion denoting categorial kind of beings. I will also present the problem of space as the key perspective for the interpretation of categorial beings. The results of these analyses should enable further and more precise interpretation of particular topics of Heidegger's thought, such as question of artwork, of thing, of building, etc.

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O relație dinamică la Tacitus: memorie-uitare

Author(s): Valy Ceia / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Considered by many scholars as the greatest writer of Latin Antiquity, Tacitus imposes himself by the force of representation of a convulsive humanity, whose altitudinal landmarks – never forgotten forever – are strongly overshadowed by a dense fabric of destructive actions and egotistical impulses. My study follows the way in which the reading of the tacit work allows the reader to follow the dynamic game of the memory-forgetfulness relationship: paradoxically, the seemingly forgotten come to order a deeply decadent humanity and give it direction, setting up an ante litteram ontology. Considered by many scholars as the greatest writer of Latin Antiquity, Tacitus imposes himself by the force of representation of a convulsive humanity, whose altitudinal landmarks – never forgotten forever – are strongly overshadowed by a dense fabric of destructive actions and egotistical impulses. My study follows the way in which the reading of the tacit work allows the reader to follow the dynamic game of the memory-forgetfulness relationship: paradoxically, the seemingly forgotten come to order a deeply decadent humanity and give it direction, setting up an ante litteram ontology.

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Travaliul memoriei la Sfântul Augustin şi Mircea Cărtărescu

Author(s): Ilona-Manuela Duță / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Writings strongly marked by the labour of memory (the appeal to memory being a genetic, internal principle of theirs), The Confessions of St. Augustine and the fictional autobiography Orbitor bring face to face two models of subjectivity at odds, the model of the birth of modern subjectivity and its postmodern decline. The mirroring of these models aims at mapping the interiority at the extremities of its history, in the point of origin and in the end, the Augustinian memory containing in germs the drama of modern subjectivity, while the Cărtărescian memory takes to the extreme this drama projecting itself in the field of postmodern relativism. Described under the sign of a radical cleavage (shattering, traumatic), the one between the abyss of human consciousness and the gaze of God (in Augustine), respectively the cleaved structure of the self projected as a double (in Mircea Cărtărescu), the interiors accessed by descending into the nebula of memory lead to opposite revelations, such as the Augustinian remembrance of God and the chimerical proliferation of the simulacrum. Metaphor central to both authors, the vast inner palaces of memory become the meeting place of the sacred in the conversion scenario, just as, at the other historical end of subjectivity, this place can only be the expression of nostalgia and emptiness. Conceived as an initiatory, ritualized path, the path to God or to the Self passes, for both authors, through the territory of memory, and its mapping is representative for the construction of specific models of interiority and identity. The double image of memory, at the end of antiquity and in postmodernism (therefore, at the end of modernity or neomodernity), is relevant for the path of Western subjectivity, of thinking about the subject’s relationship with the Self, activated through the process of recollection.

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Body Traversed: Non-Human

Author(s): Josipa Bubaš / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This paper deals with the notion of non-knowledge through performative experience. It touches upon the thought process mechanism, the possibility of being outside language, the norm, and the meaning of such experience. The performance entitled Non-Human is used as illustration, which means that the study constitutes research in practice. It refers to the notion of zoe as the pure, unbounded life force and separates the importance of identity from the being and becoming. It examines the possibility of entering the prereflexive and expressing it, testing its capacity of communication. Is cogito the only way to identify ourselves as human?

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Good Will and Spontaneity in Communication

Author(s): Nerijus Stasiulis / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article is based on the interpretation of Kant’s notion of good will with regard to its meaning for successful communication. It seeks to delineate its necessary relation to spontaneity as opposed to a strictly closed definition – the spontaneity in language as crucial for communication. Agambenian and Wittgensteinian musings on language and paradigm are employed for that purpose. The art of comedy is seen to illustrate the communication based on spontaneity and paradigm and the art of tragedy is seen to depict the condition of radical incommunicability. Alongside this linguistic and epistemological approach, the discussion of the issue also includes the ontological aspect, i.e. the Agambenian-Aristotelian notion of potentiality is described as akin to the Kantian good will (Ding an sich) and is seen as the necessary (and perhaps also sufficient) condition for (successful) communication.

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HUMAN MANTIC ART AND DIVINE MANTIC ART. IAMBLICHUS’ CRITICISM ON DIVINATION COMMON FORMSA

Author(s): Adriana Neacşu / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2020

Concerned with an ethical and ontological model of man aimed at his fulfilment in divine perfection, Iamblichus criticizes the principal human forms of divination, in order to describe, as opposed to them, the authentic form of divination, namely sacred or divine divination. Its principle is the following: the knowledge of the cause and essence of becoming leads us to the knowledge of the future. The ability to make predictions about the future is only granted to the gods, because they have a universal knowledge, but the gods offer their power to men that are capable to participate in the divine. This sacred divination occurs only in theurgy, which ultimate goal is the union of the theurgist with divinity, and the authentic divination is the crowning of the theurgy.

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Catherine Wilson, Epicureanism at The Origins of modernity

Author(s): Mihail M. Ungheanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2013

The modern world is dominated by an atomistic, mechanistical and hedonistic understanding of society and man, which are expressed in doctrine of the inalienable rights of man, doctrine which is held to be the ultimate and universal and above all critic truth about humankind. But this is not the case. Though everyone knows about the human rights theory and dogma, the atomistic and hedonistic root are not acknowledged as such. Even this view about man and society has historically roots and it is important to see how this understanding and interpretation of the world have been born. The book I present shows how the modern understanding of the world has been born and shows that a materialistic-hedonistic and atomistic view build the very basis of modern society. It is important to see the sources of this change that formed the modern world, because so we can become aware why the modern policies and the modern and contemporary organization of the society and the stat is at it is.

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Destinul personajelor în nuvela lui V. Pelevin „Želtaja strela” (Săgeata galbenă)

Author(s): Florentina Marin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2013

Interested in a number of philosophical problems, Viktor Pelevin meditates in one of his short stories entitled The Yellow Arrow the idea of human existence and the meaning of life. The present study aims at analyzing the writer’s approach of this theme. At the same time, the article discusses the notion of time in Postmodernism as opposed to the Modernist view, deconstruction of fundamental truths and the ontological crisis specific for the contemporary world.

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ОНТОЛОГІЧНИЙ СТАТУС ЗАПОЗИЧЕНИХ НАЗВ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВІ

Author(s): Natalia Rusnak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2022

The basic dichotomy of ethnolinguistics language – culture involves the study of borrowed names that illustrate not only interlingual relations but also the historical progress of the nation. However, borrowed words are a linguistic reality that needs ontological comprehension. The purpose of the study is to analyze the linguistic status of borrowed names, such as: neologisms, exoticisms, barbarisms, makronіsms. Research methods. In the article as the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic – descriptive, structural and comparative and historical methods. Some borrowed words entered the literary language with a new meaning, as a result of semantic word formation “returned” words, so-called semantic neologisms: планшет, гімназія, ліцей, саркофаг, іконка, піраміда, хайп, ребрендинг, аватар. Currently, the Ukrainian language has a large number of borrowed words, mostly from English. Among them are the names of the person: бекпекер, грумер, хедлайнер, пранкер, хайкер, хейтер, аб’юзер, фоловер, юзер, стейкхолдер; words to denote abstract concepts: консьюмеризм, райдер, рейдер, тролінг, флейм, коучинг, булінг, мобінг, дисклеймер, дауншифтинг, бекстейдж, трейнсерфінг, харасмент, чайлдфрі. As a result of active use, many Englishisms lost the aura of “novelty” and became active in the Ukrainian lexicon: менеджмент, кліпмайкер, спонсор, логістика, масмедіа, саміт, екзитпол, електорат, екстрадиція, файл, твітер, хакер, фейк, блог, хештег, флаєр, ґаджет, брейкданс, фаєр шоу, хай-тек. Conclusions. Thus, the ontological status of borrowed names is determined by two factors – social and cultural. The social factor of this part of vocabulary causes the separation of a new branch of linguistics – neology, includes the question of the culture of Ukrainian speech. The culturological factor (intersection of national cultures) determines the status of borrowed names such as exoticisms, barbarisms and makronisms . There is a short line between exoticisms and barbarisms (transliterated).

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Blockchain’s Role in the Ontological Concepts Development

Author(s): Jamaleddin Shaeri / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Blockchain is a new technology based on the idea of decentralization, which means the impossibility of control by governments or any other centralized entity. Studying Blockchain from the viewpoints of the philosophy of politics, economics and the law shows significant changes in the nature of human concepts such as trust, power, institution, money and law. This emerging revolution is driving these concepts from human-controlled system to an algorithmic structure, which would lead to an anarchic, self-sufficient world with self-determinism individuals. This research is an attempt to discover novel ontological changes in the traditional concepts due to the emergence of the new modern technology called Blockchain.

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Новий завіт і українська література: теоретичні аспекти

Author(s): Volodîmîr Antoficiuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2009

The article is devoted to the investigation of peculiarities of functioning of evangelist topical imagery material in the 20th century Ukrainian literature. It is for the first time that in Ukrainian literary studies the most serious and reliable attempt to analyze socio-ideological, philosophical, moral psychological and literary aspects of the transformation of evangelist collisions in Ukrainian literature has been undertaken. The system of motivations of evangelist materials in the context of functioning of comprehensive cultural tendencies in Ukrainian literature has been, in particular, analyzed here. Much heed has been paid to the problem of specifying the forms and means of transformation of evangelist structures in Ukrainian literature taken into consideration some tragic processes of evolution in national spirituality. We also study some continuations, additions, processing, renderings and processes of apocryphalizing and philosophical aesthetic modeling in Ukrainian literature. The prevailing accent is concentrated upon the analysis of ontological axiological dominance in the images of Jesus Christ, Judas Iscariot, Pontius Pilate.

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Kњижевнонаучни дијалози у савременој полонистици и југославистици

Author(s): Radomir V. Ivanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2012

In the contemporary science of literature a special place is given to the comparative studies which can be divided into two narrow disciplines ─ General literature (littérature générale) and Comparative literature (littérature comparée), focused on the problems of three rounds: 1 studying the genetic relationship or contact (imagology), 2 the study of typological analogy and 3 the interdisciplinary study of the relations. The paper deals with comparison of some of the major literary works of the contemporary Polonistics and Yugoslavistics which are mostly published during the second half of the 20th century. In the first part entitled Filozofija, nauka i umetnost (p. 1─11), the author discusses the ideas of the epoch of the global interpenetration of two books of famous scientists: Roman Ingarden – O saznavanju književnog umetničkog dela, (1971), Doživljaj, umetničko delo i vrednost, (1975) and Оntologija umetnotsti, published in 1991 as well as Pitanja poetike, (1971), Književna kritika i filozofija književnosti (1976) and Uvod u filozofiju književnosti (1978) by Milivoj Solar. In the second part entitled,,Estetika, poetika i kritika" (pp. 11─17) the author, primarily discusses the new “spirit boxes" debate in a paradigmatic sense, pointng out the importance of individual dyads: philosophy-aesthetics, science, the criticism of arts and poetry. The basic ideographic ideas the author finds in the books of H. Markiewicz – Nauka o književnosti, published in 1974 and Priroda kritike by S. Petrovic (1972). One of the most important hubs is scholarliness of literary studies as well as the relationship of its disciplines, whether it is the substantial or relational theory

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LABIRYNT ŚWIATA KOMEŃSKIEGO W ODBICIU PONOWOCZESNEGO KRYZYSU RODZINY

Author(s): Helena Kalábova / Language(s): Czech Issue: 13/2021

The article describes the existence of man in the order of the world, anchored in a family and home against the background of the current importance of a human being in the post-modern society. Partnership and relationship bonds, as the founding possibility of secure space with the chance for trust as well as of safety and acceptance, open the ability to a proper development of a man. The emotional field of a family as cooperating energy with the hope to fulfil partnership and parentship with transgenerational overlap aims to the genuinely essential human existence. Failure manifested by dysaretation complicates the process of socialisation and leads to the claim of education of resocialisation.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE AWAKENING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SARTRE’S ONTOLOGY AND ETHICS

Author(s): Shpetim Madani,Greta Përgjegji / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2022

This article examines Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening from the perspective of Sartre’s ontology and ethics. The study starts with a short introduction to existentialism and its main representatives. Then, it analyses the novel by applying Sartre’s phenomenological ontology of being and its three structures (being in-itself, being for-itself, and being for-others). Finally, the book’s main ideas are explored through Sartre’s ethical concepts of freedom and responsibility, authenticity and bad faith

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Politiškumas, ideologija ir žodžio laisvė ontologinėje globalaus pasaulio būklėje

Author(s): Tautvydas Vėželis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3/2022

This article attempts to understand the relationship between politicity, ideology, and freedom of speech in the ontological state of the modern global world. Freedom of expression is recognised as a fundamental human right in the United Nations. On the other hand, it is inseparable from duties and responsibilities to both the other person and society. Democracy appeals to universal human rights, including freedom of expression. Democratic freedoms, on the other hand, result in a post-truth situation in which fundamental human rights or freedoms no longer exist and are replaced by a variety of views, including aggressive and manipulative ones. When diagnosing the current ontological state of the world, an attempt is made to look for perspectives for overcoming the problems.

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