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Elitno i popularno u jugoslovenskoj filmskoj kulturi 1945-1965.

Author(s): Rade Pantić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

The aim of this article is to try to apply the theory of culture of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, which is based on the distinction between the elitist and the popular, on the domain of the Yugoslav film culture in the period between 1945–1965. Using Bourdieu’s hypothesis that conflicting artistic tastes reflect the class antagonism in the capitalist society we tried to show how aesthetic distinctions function in the case of the film culture of socialist Yugoslavia. The communist project of a classless society proved to be incapable of producing a society devoid of relations of domination and subordination. Socialist realism tried to mask the gap between the majority of population and the party bureaucracy by means of abolishing the division between the elite and the popular culture and by creating a uniform culture for the entire population. The entire social field was thus totalised by one art form. The project of Yugoslav selfmanagement socialism, conditioned by the Cold War situation between the East and the West, failed to develop a distinct cultural model. The project of a classless, self-governing society was hiding the gap between the new governing elite and the rest of the population, the gap that was evident in the existence of the two distinct cultures: the elite culture of socialist aestheticism and the popular culture of the rest of the population. In order to cover this social split the rulling communist party would often start the socalled anti-bureaucratic reforms, changing the cultural paradigms in order to maintain the illusion that the process of permanent self-governing revolution and withering away of the state is in progress. Occasional censorship of both elite and the popular film was to maintain the illusion that Yugoslav society and its culture were on the tracks of their own autochtonous third way road of socialism with a human face. In fact the country was more and more economically and culturally dependent of the Western countries, and the governing elite unwilling to cede power to the ’working people’.

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On the Relict Scales and Melodic Structures in the Seto Shepherd Tune Kar´ahääl

Author(s): Žanna Pärtlas / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2017

Our knowledge of the past is inevitably fragmentary, especially if we speak about such an ‘immaterial’ subject as music. The only possibility to unveil the sounds of the past is to ‘excavate’ information from contemporary performances, archival sound recordings, and musical transcriptions. Some older musical genres that preserved their ancient features until the era of sound recording provide the best opportunities for the research of the traditional musical thinking, including its deepest roots. The Seto shepherd songs, which are the subject of the analysis in this article, constitute one of such genres. This research concentrates on two aspects of the musical structure of the Seto shepherd tune kar´ahääl: the structure of musical scales and the melodic contours. The material of analysis is the collection by Anu Vissel, Eesti karjaselaulud I. Setu karjaselaulud (Estonian Shepherd Songs I. Setu Shepherd Songs, 1982), which consists of transcriptions of 99 shepherd songs; about 90 of them are variants of the same tune type. According to this publication, the intervallic structures of the shepherd tune’s scales are extremely various; there are also many different melodic contours. The present research aims to reveal the system behind the various scale structures and melodic contours, and, on this ground, tries to reconstruct the possible processes of formation of the musical scales and melody in this particular tune and make some hypotheses about such processes in early traditional music.

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Historical Skolt Sami Music and Two Types of Melodic Structures in Leu′dd Tradition

Author(s): Marko Jouste / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2017

The Sami are an indigenous people living in Scandinavia, northern Fennoscandia, and the Kola Peninsula. The land of the Sami is located on the territories of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. Due to the fact that the Skolt Sami have always lived in a multicultural environment, their musical tradition is inherently multi-layered and the Skolt Sami have adopted a significant amount of shared traditions from the northeast of Russia into their own musical culture. However, the Skolt Sami have an indigenous musical genre called leu′dd, which is used to describe and comment on Skolt Sami life, both as ‘history’ and ‘present’, so that the leu′dds form a bank of shared memories of the Skolt Sami society. In my analysis I have presented an idea that there are two different types of melody structures in the historical material found from the archives. The model of fragmentary phrase structure explains many of the features found in the ‘old type’ leu′dd melodies, while the ‘new type’ can be understood through the idea that Russian and Karelian song melodies were used as the model for leu′dds.

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Mejl art – dopisna umetnost; umetnost komunikacije

Author(s): Sofija Knežević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2007

The goal of this work is to point out the specifics of mail art as an artistic form whose essence is characterized by the direct exchange between artists without mediation of galleries, museums, critics, art dealers, as well as free and unrestricted communication. Mail art is not consisted of a unique artistic style, special technique, or precisely defined way of creation. The only common denominator to all mail artists throughout the world is that they materialize their art by the means of postal system. Considering that mail art deals with communication and a reciprocal exchange of esthetic messages, their symbolic structure is composed of presentational symbols as the means for non-discursive cognition of the world. The basic idea of this work is to demonstrate that even in the era of market culture there is a noncommercial art form as a creative oasis of numerous enthusiasts, whose goal is the establishment of an alternative international art circle that acts parallel to the official one, along with its own territory of cultural identification. This work also underlines important differences between Mail and E-mail art, which represents the correspondence art in a digital form, resulted from developments in computer technology and electronic communications. The work is also an attempt to prove the hypotheses regarding persistence of mail art in the world of “virtual reality” and to provide answers about its future.

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Polski rockman-buddysta. Wyznania i wyzwania

Author(s): Daniel Kalinowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The article provides a description of Polish musicians active today who have marked their work with their relationship with Buddhism (Tomek Lipiński, Tymon Tymański, Robert Brylewski, Maciej Magura Góralski). By examining interviews with them, their recollections and autobiographies I was able to conclude that their fascination with Buddhism are as much personal as belonging to the style of behaviours developed as early as the 1960s in the USA (the Beatnik generation). Owing to the peculiarities of Polish rock music and musicians’ involvement in various types of cultural actions alternative to the European tradition, since the 1990s Buddhist motifs have been increasingly evident on the rock scene. Today’s Polish Buddhist rock star is a socially engaged artist who does not shirk making confessional avowals on stage to audiences numbering many thousands or holding forth on spirituality in high-circulation publications featuring extended interviews. The Buddhism espoused by Polish rock stars is characterised by the space of freedom of beliefs and private spirituality. At the same time, though, it is a religious act of maturity, in which one searches for a way to experience everyday life to its fullest.

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Book Reviews

Author(s): Hisao Oshima,Tomasz Fisiak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Reviews of: 1. Susan Bennett and Christie Carson, eds., "Shakespeare Beyond English:A Global Experiment"; (Cambridge UP, 2013); by: Hisao Oshima 2. Shakespeare Forever: A Review of "From Shakespeare to Sh(Web)speare"; (Łódź: Łódź UP, 2015); by: Tomasz Fisiak

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THE NATURE AND THE EXPRESSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECTACULAR IN ENTERTAINMENT

Author(s): Hanna Nabokova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

This article observes the traditional nature of entertainment in the culture as a nation’s inner determined mechanism of worldview and self expression, one of the dominants of the nation’s consciousness that represent a certain national culture as an integral part of the entertainment modulus within the global cultural and informational space.This approach foregrounds the individual’s potential for progress, realization of creative interests and needs, social adaptation, professional identification and personal growth. The show perception mechanism supposes more colorful and diversified perception of the world, with the participant consciously mastering new life situations, though virtual but nevertheless suggesting new behavior stereotypes

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Kształtowanie się stroju zakonnego w początkach monastycyzmu (III-IV w.) na obszarze basenu Morza Śródziemnego. Recepcja form ubiorów świeckich. Cz. I

Author(s): Małgorzata Łukawska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The article contains a brief presentation of the development of monastic clothing forms in the eastern monasticism (IIIth-VIth centuries). The analysis is based on the early Christian literature which constitutes the basis for the reconstruction of the garment. It also indicates its origins . The form of the habit derives from widely used repertoire of secular clothing. The texts of first monastic rule of St. Pachomius and the ascetic writings included in the dissertation have been supplemented with iconographic material that illustrates the process of adaptation of secular forms of clothing to the requirements of monastic life as well as its transformation stages. The analysis embraces women’s and men’s clothing together with certain aspects of the symbolism of habit.

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Ludowa rzeźba drewniana w wyposażeniu warmińskich kapliczek i krzyży dawniej i dziś

Author(s): Stanisław Kuprjaniuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

In the past, the wayside shrines and crosses in Warmia were commonly equipped with wooden rustic sculptures. For their better expo-sure, various architectural forms of the shrine constructions were used.However due to numerous factors, the sculptures of the Saints have not survived in their natural place. Such conclusion is springing to mind after full area and archives research. Having confronted the shrines' pre-sent state with the past, substantial loss in resources have been acknowledged. Out of 1370 wayside shrines only 69 contained a sculpture. As a result, only these sculptures, which were earlier documented and stilling existence in situ, represent the only source of knowledge regarding the Warmia history, its community and culture. The origin of the sculpture sis owed to frequently anonymous, local artists, who fulfilled particular social and personal orders. They used specific iconography models. One can distinguish iconography motives regarding the Christ, Holy Mary and the Saints in wooden, rustic sculptures. The most frequent motive of the sculptures regards, however, Holy Mary, with a very characteristic for Warmia – Pietà.

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Veliki rat u publikacijama Kluba hrvatskih književnika i umjetnika u Osijeku 1910. – 1924.

Author(s): Siniša Bjedov / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2016

The Club of Croatian Writers and Artists in Osijek was active from 1909 till 1941. During that period it has published four literary publications. In the two of them, Književni prilog (1910 -1915) and Jeka od Osijeka (1918 – 1924), we can follow reactions on the World War I. It is the period in which the crisis of the monarchy became more and more apparent. As it is well known, with the end of the World War I the monarchy will disappear. At the same time that is the time of massive immigrations of the Croats to America. The culmination of these immigrations happened between 1907 and 1911 – fifteen thousand people in average were leaving the country in a year. In this period we have an intensive settling of Germans and Hungarians in Slavonia, which, for a small country like Croatia, was definitely a social shock. Since the club was active in that very turbulent period, in which several states and social systems both came into being and disappeared, it is interesting to research how literature reacted to the modern social changes. Texts with the war themes can be followed and researched in some publications. In this way we can talk about the relation between poetics and politics in a local surrounding. Furthermore such texts point to a parallel world-view paradigm which finds its way to the public. As new historians would say – they point to the disorder in an ostensibly united epoch. Also those are texts in which „a process of creating subversive insights in ostensibly orthodox texts (Greenblatt) becomes possible. For the purpose of this paper a research of documents was done in the National Archives in Osijek and in the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek. The National Archives in Osijek keep the works of some members and associates of the Club of Croatian Writers in Osijek as well as the works by the Club (signature HR-DAOS-422). Periodicals, that follow the above mentioned period when the Club was active, is kept in the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek: Hrvatski list, Narodna obrana, Die Drau, Vijenac, Suvremenik, etc. In the Museum of Slavonia there are also exemplars of the Club’s publications: proceedings Mi, journal Književni prilog, magazine and calendar Jeka od Osijeka and Jubilarni almanah. The results of the research show that the Club of Croatian Writers and Artists in Osijek in the 1909 – 1941 period acted mostly time servingly trying to get close to every government. Literary and non-literary texts with the war theme witness about absence of critical awareness and critical attitude towards the war.

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Počeci i značaj romantičarskog lutanja polovinom 18. veka

Author(s): Aleksandar Molnar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2013

In the article, the author is discussing the importance of the wandering experiences for the emergence of Romanticism in the mid-18th century. His point of view is that without such experiences the rising culture of novels would not be able to trigger the correspondent take off in romantic arts and philosophy. Only during wanderings in the unknown nature it was possible not only to contemplate the alternative universes reveled by novels, but also to feel the possibility of their existence. And the most precious experiences wanderings could offer were the experiences of the possibility that the golden age was not only part of a mythic past but could be re-established again. Romantic wanderings were always part of the search for such golden age and source of the urge to re-invent the alternative to the oppressive bourgeois society. Such a view on the importance of romantic wanderings the author tries to demonstrate on examples of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in France and Johann Gottfried Herder in Germany. He considers them as first Romantics (along with Johann Georg Hamann in Germany) whose early wandering experiences shaped to a great extent their intellectual development and enabled them to engage passionately in battle with the ideals of Enlightenment.

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Privlačnost motiva lutanja za – lutanjima nesklonog – Franca Šuberta

Author(s): Dragana Jeremić Molnar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2013

Franz Schubert was not generous in commenting his own creative procedures, or in revealing his artistic inspirations. Therefore, it is even today not clear why Wilhelm Müller’s collection of poems entitled Winter journey attracted Schubert so strongly that he was so determined to set it as a whole to the music. In this article the author mentions, and rejects as well, couple of commonly accepted interpretations. The path to the lieder cycle Winter journey was paved neither by Schubert’s identification with the main character – outcast overwhelmed by desperation and anticipation of the approaching death – and his strange ways of experiencing the world; neither by composer’s acceptance of impious beliefs hidden in Müller’s poems. The author argues that both poet and composer of Winter journey shared the affinity for the wandering (and wanderer) motive which was one of the central topics in the rising romantic Weltanschauung. Schubert was dealing with this motive from 1815 until his death mainly in his lieder, sometimes in very complex manner. In order to understand the real nature of Schubert’s artistic rapprochement to the motive of wandering, the author was obliged to consider and, at the first place, evaluate the works of scholars (such as Theodor Adorno, David Gramit, and Jeffrey Perry) who have been dealing with this problem. After that the author focuses her attention to the narrative entitled My dream, the most extensive and enigmatic writing left behind Schubert; she analyses the role of wandering in it, arguing that Schubert was participating in the spiritual currents of his time even unconsciously and trying to adapt them in order to serve as the solutions to his own existent ional dilemmas. Finally, she concludes that the composer was very sensitive for the complexity of the phenomena of wandering, when romantic Weltanschauung was at its peak, and eager to come to terms with this complexity artistically, paying the most attention to one of its layers – the regenerative one.

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Apie Filosofines Dailės Terapijos Ištakas Ir Taikymo Galimybes

Author(s): Vaida Asakavičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 89/2016

The article reviews the philosophical and psychological origins of Art Therapy and its practical application possibilities. A special focus is given to the influence of the views based on philosophical and psychological ideas of art therapy functions, methods and practical significance. The article aims to highlight the positive benefits of the adoption of art therapy techniques and their effects on health of a human soul and body as well as a self-cognition. The focus is on a creative process, which is considered to be one of the most important elements of art therapy. The advantages of art therapy, such as a self-expression through colours, the personality in self-creation, the education of the personal creativeness and spirituality, are concisely presented in the paper.

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Apie Filosofines Dailės Terapijos Ištakas Ir Taikymo Galimybes

Author(s): Vaida Asakavičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 88/2016

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Jean-Marie Guyau meno teorijų recepcija XX a. pradžios lietuvių spaudoje. Sofijos Čiurlionienės- Kymantaitės atvejis

Author(s): Nida Gaidauskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 88/2016

The article reviews the reception of aesthetic ideas of Jean-Marie Guyau (1854–1888) in the Lithuanian press at the beginning of the 20th century. Guyau’s ideas of the sociological role of art were well known in the East-Central Europe at the end of the 19th century. The first one to reflect on Guyau’s „Art from a Sociological Point of View“ („L’art au point de vue sociologique“, 1889) in public discourse was Sofija Čiurlionienė-Kymantaitė, one of the most prominent „modern romanticists“ in ethnical Lithuanian culture. Her statements in “The Meaning of Art in the Life” (1913) are examined here in comparison with the French thinker’s ideas. A few years later Guyau was quoted by Ignas Jurkūnas (Ignas Šeinius, 1889–1959), a representative of the next generation, that are referred to as „romantic modernists“. Finally, in a more systematic manner, Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas (1893–1967) in 1920–1922 reflected on Guyau’s „Contemporary Aesthetic Problems“ („Les problemes de l’Esthetique contemporaine.”

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Musical Life of the Jewish Community in Interwar Galicia. The Problem of Identity of Jewish Musicians

Author(s): Sylwia Jakubczyk-Ślęczka / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (34)/2017

The article discusses the issue of Jewish musicians’ identity by the ex-ample of prewar Galician artists. It emphasizes the role of social andpolitical divisions within Jewish community and the impact of assimi-lation, liberalism, socialism and Zionism on the musical life of Jewsin Galicia. Then, it discusses their influence on individual musicianslike: Bronisław Gimpel, Bronisław Huberman, Józef Koffler, StanisławLipski, Wilhelm Mantel, Paweł Anhalt, Stefan Schleichkorn, HenrykGuensberg, Józef Neger, Henryk Apte, Izaak Lust, Zofia Lissa, Mor-dechaj Gebirtig, Nachum Sternheim and musicians active on the stageof popular music. Its aim is to encourage musicologists to reconsiderthe issue of prewar Jewish musicians’ identity and to use findings ofhistorians and sociologists in musicological literature. They indicate rather complexity, not unilaterality, of the self-identification of Jewsin diaspora. Understanding of the Jewish musicians’ work conditions allows to discover the hidden meaning of their actions.

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Viešosios Miestų Erdvės Paradigmos Kaita Posovietinėje Lietuvoje

Author(s): Kastytis Rudokas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 77/2013

The paper seeks to describe Lithuanian public space in the wider interdisciplinary context of the epoch’s contemporary paradigm. First, it has been noticed that representative aspects of public spaces are still the main point for forming an identity of squares, plazas or public buildings. I claim that these kinds of public spaces are generating only one main narrative of place. This one main narrative causes a lack of attractivity since in epoch of the poststructuralism, society is not homogeneous. The need for self expression of different identities is fulfilled on internet facilities as social networks which, I claim, are working as artificial cities. Nevertheless, Lithuania is now experiencing and accepting new types of public space – malls, places intended for consumption. Such places cause crises of sociocultural values in Lithuanian society. The popularity of consumerism culture was also inspired by its becoming legal after re-establishing the state’s independence.

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PEDAGOGIKA ARTYSTYCZNA W SYSTEMIE PROFESJONALNEGO PRZYGOTOWANIA WYKŁADOWCÓW SZKÓŁ MUZYCZNYCH UKRAINY

Author(s): Tetiana Aleksinceva / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The article highlights the need for modernization of artistic education. It is emphasized on the expediency of using different kinds of arts at music schools. The Art Pedagogy as an innovative educational discipline in the program of professional training of music school teachers is described.

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Наукове декларування вишів культури і мистецтв

Author(s): V. Kopaneva / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2017

The purpose of the study is to define the scientific basis for the formation and multidimensional use of bibliometrics profiles as the scientific declarations and as a source for comparison and expert evaluation of the effectiveness of the activities of the universities of culture and the arts. The methodology of the research is based on the philosophical categories of the general, special and individual, which, in the context of scientometrics, are specified in the social functions: scientific declaration, overview-analytics and scientometrics. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of the synergetic direction of bibliometrical monitoring of the activity of universities on the basis of the interaction between the scientific community, which focuses on the formation of bibliometric profiles, and analytical structures, whose task is to process the data contained in them. Conclusions. Scientometric activity of a university library should be oriented towards participation in the cooperative development of the system of scientific declaration and further use of its aggregate bibliometric resources in the preparation of survey-analytical materials for expert evaluation of related universities effectiveness. Approbation of the results of the research was carried out in the process of analysis of the bibliometric indicators of Ukrainian universities of cultural and arts.

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Gendered Histories/Memories of Labour in (Post-)Communist Romania and Former Czechoslovakia Illuminated through Artistic Production

Author(s): Maria-Alina Asavei,Jiří Kocian / Language(s): English Issue: 8 (22)/2017

This paper addresses a lacuna in the history and memory of (post-) communist women’s labour. It aims to investigate how and to what ends the artistic production from Romania and the former Czechoslovakia illuminate “forgotten” histories of women’s labour, reclaiming at the same time a public sphere where “Her-stories” and labour-related memories can be materialized for critical-political ends. In the cultural memory of the transition from communism to democracy and capitalism, certain lieux de mémoire (places of memory) have been preserved and materialized in official cultural formats, whereas other places of memory (both physical and mental) aredisregarded and condemned to become lieux d’oubli (sites of forgetting). More often than not, both in the Romanian and the former Czechoslovakian context, the histories and memories of women’s labour are deemed “unworthy” of remembrance and tend to be obscured from the official cultures of remembrance and their institutions. As this paper argues, although the official narratives of various work environments from Eastern European regions tend to conceal the presence of women and lack a comprehensive historiography on women and gender some artistic productions enact “feminist counter-narratives” and counter-memories for political ends. We claim that the political dimension of these artistic productions should not be underestimated. These feminist artworks attempt to combine a politics of memory, activism, a history from below, and artistry to reach political ambitions. At a theoretical level, this paper is informed by Amy Mullin’s considerations on feminist artistic production and the political imagination. Infeminist art, which attempts to revive the memory of women’s labour, the political imagination plays a crucial role in fostering community knowledge and experiential knowledge through simultaneously envisioning more equitable futures (economical, political, social) for both men and women.

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